Effect of Fuel Particle Size on Reaction Rate in Chemical Looping Combustion PDF Download
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Languages : en
Pages : 43
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Author:
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 43
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Author: Fabrizio Scala
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0857098802
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1091
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Fluidized bed (FB) combustion and gasification are advanced techniques for fuel flexible, high efficiency and low emission conversion. Fuels are combusted or gasified as a fluidized bed suspended by jets with sorbents that remove harmful emissions such as SOx. CO2 capture can also be incorporated. Fluidized bed technologies for near-zero emission combustion and gasification provides an overview of established FB technologies while also detailing recent developments in the field.Part one, an introductory section, reviews fluidization science and FB technologies and includes chapters on particle characterization and behaviour, properties of stationary and circulating fluidized beds, heat and mass transfer and attrition in FB combustion and gasification systems. Part two expands on this introduction to explore the fundamentals of FB combustion and gasification including the conversion of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels, pollutant emission and reactor design and scale up. Part three highlights recent advances in a variety of FB combustion and gasification technologies before part four moves on to focus on emerging CO2 capture technologies. Finally, part five explores other applications of FB technology including (FB) petroleum refining and chemical production.Fluidized bed technologies for near-zero emission combustion and gasification is a technical resource for power plant operators, industrial engineers working with fluidized bed combustion and gasification systems and researchers, scientists and academics in the field. - Examines the fundamentals of fluidized bed (FB) technologies, including the conversion of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels - Explores recent advances in a variety of technologies such as pressurized FB combustion, and the measurement, monitoring and control of FB combustion and gasification - Discusses emerging technologies and examines applications of FB in other processes
Author: Vikash Eswar
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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The release of harmful greenhouse gases (GHGs) into the atmosphere has continued to have a significant negative impact on the overall climate change of the world. In total, one-third of worldwide carbon dioxide emissions can be attributed to fossil fuel combustion. As a result, developing an efficient method of carbon dioxide capture via chemical looping combustion would prevent the release of carbon dioxide into the open atmosphere and instead allow us to sequester it in a safe location. To model the reduction phase of this CLC reaction, a mixture of carbon and copper oxide were prepared and then packed into a quartz tube positioned inside a tube furnace which provided an elevated initial temperature. Then, a 70W CO2 laser supplied the heat needed to initiate the combustion reaction which was recorded by a Phantom v7.3 camera. The main parameters that were studied in this project were the effects of the variation of CuO particle size and preheat temperature on the propagation speed and distance of the combustion reaction. It was found that the CuO nanoparticles performed much better than the CuO microparticles at an equivalence ratio of 1, in a fairly broad preheat temperature range of 350 °C to 400 °C, though some unusual propagation profiles were also noted in this range. As part of future study, it is advised that the CuO nanoparticles be used instead of the CuO microparticles, and new parameters be explored such as product composition and equivalence ratio in order to better optimize the experimental conditions for the reduction reaction.
Author: E. B. Nauman
Publisher: Wiley-Interscience
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 310
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Author: Liang-Shih Fan
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118063139
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 353
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This book presents the current carbonaceous fuel conversion technologies based on chemical looping concepts in the context of traditional or conventional technologies. The key features of the chemical looping processes, their ability to generate a sequestration-ready CO2 stream, are thoroughly discussed. Chapter 2 is devoted entirely to the performance of particles in chemical looping technology and covers the subjects of solid particle design, synthesis, properties, and reactive characteristics. The looping processes can be applied for combustion and/or gasification of carbon-based material such as coal, natural gas, petroleum coke, and biomass directly or indirectly for steam, syngas, hydrogen, chemicals, electricity, and liquid fuels production. Details of the energy conversion efficiency and the economics of these looping processes for combustion and gasification applications in contrast to those of the conventional processes are given in Chapters 3, 4, and 5.Finally, Chapter 6 presents additional chemical looping applications that are potentially beneficial, including those for H2 storage and onboard H2 production, CO2 capture in combustion flue gas, power generation using fuel cell, steam-methane reforming, tar sand digestion, and chemicals and liquid fuel production. A CD is appended to this book that contains the chemical looping simulation files and the simulation results based on the ASPEN Plus software for such reactors as gasifier, reducer, oxidizer and combustor, and for such processes as conventional gasification processes, Syngas Chemical Looping Process, Calcium Looping Process, and Carbonation-Calcination Reaction (CCR) Process. Note: CD-ROM/DVD and other supplementary materials are not included as part of eBook file.
Author: Julian Szekely
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323151396
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 415
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Book Description
Gas-Solid Reactions describes gas-solid reaction systems, focusing on the four phenomena—external mass transfer, pore diffusion, adsorption/desorption, and chemical reaction. This book consists of eight chapters. After the introduction provided in Chapter 1, the basic components of gas-solid reactions are reviewed in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 describes the reactions of individual nonporous solid particles, while Chapter 4 elaborates the reaction of single porous particles. Solid-solid reactions proceeding through gaseous intermediates are considered in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 deals with the experimental approaches to the study of gas-solid reaction systems. How information on single-particle behavior may be used for the design of multiparticle, large-scale assemblies, and packed- and fluidized-bed reaction systems is deliberated in Chapter 7. The last chapter covers the specific gas-solid reaction systems, including some statistical indices indicating the economic importance of the systems and processes it's based on. This publication is recommended for practicing engineers engaged in process research, development, and design in the many fields where gas-solid reactions are important.
Author:
Publisher: ScholarlyEditions
ISBN: 1464920656
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1747
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Book Description
Chalcogens: Advances in Research and Application: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Chalcogens. The editors have built Chalcogens: Advances in Research and Application: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Chalcogens in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Chalcogens: Advances in Research and Application: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Author: Fan Shi
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0444595783
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 302
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Book Description
Reactor Process Design in Sustainable Energy Technology compiles and explains current developments in reactor and process design in sustainable energy technologies, including optimization and scale-up methodologies and numerical methods. Sustainable energy technologies that require more efficient means of converting and utilizing energy can help provide for burgeoning global energy demand while reducing anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions associated with energy production. The book, contributed by an international team of academic and industry experts in the field, brings numerous reactor design cases to readers based on their valuable experience from lab R&D scale to industry levels. It is the first to emphasize reactor engineering in sustainable energy technology discussing design. It provides comprehensive tools and information to help engineers and energy professionals learn, design, and specify chemical reactors and processes confidently. - Emphasis on reactor engineering in sustainable energy technology - Up-to-date overview of the latest reaction engineering techniques in sustainable energy topics - Expert accounts of reactor types, processing, and optimization - Figures and tables designed to comprehensively present concepts and proceduresHundreds of citations drawing on many most recent and previously published works on the subject
Author: Paul Fennell
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0857097601
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 467
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Book Description
Calcium and Chemical Looping Technology for Power Generation and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Capture reviews the fundamental principles, systems, oxygen carriers, and carbon dioxide carriers relevant to chemical looping and combustion. Chapters review the market development, economics, and deployment of these systems, also providing detailed information on the variety of materials and processes that will help to shape the future of CO2 capture ready power plants. - Reviews the fundamental principles, systems, oxygen carriers, and carbon dioxide carriers relevant to calcium and chemical looping - Provides a lucid explanation of advanced concepts and developments in calcium and chemical looping, high pressure systems, and alternative CO2 carriers - Presents information on the market development, economics, and deployment of these systems
Author: Sharmen Rajendran
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 290
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Book Description
The vast reserves of Victorian brown coal (VBC), over 400 years at the current rate of consumption, is predominantly used for power generation with over 80% of Victoria's electricity generated from the combustion of this fuel. This results in the emission of vast amounts of greenhouse gases such as CO2. Hence, it is important to investigate carbon dioxide capture and storage technologies for use in power stations employing fossil fuels. Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) is an emerging CO2 capture technology which is capable of inherently capturing CO2. In CLC, the Oxygen Carrier (OC) provides the oxygen for the combustion of the fuel hence eliminating dilution with N2 from air. Once the oxygen in the OC is depleted, it is regenerated through oxidation in air and is then sent back to react with another batch of fuel. The vast majority of research in the field of CLC has been focussed on gaseous fuels such as natural gas and syngas due to the simplicity of such a process. In recent times, there has been a shift towards the use of solid fuels due to their abundance, widespread availability and lower cost. As such, there are a number of gaps in the field of CLC employing solid fuels; additionally, the only information relating to CLC of VBC is limited to experiments using small scale laboratory equipment. This thesis serves to fill some of the gaps in the field of VBC-fuelled CLC. The first study investigated the effect of inherent coal minerals on the performance of a CLC system; a high ash Canadian lignite was also used as part of this comparative study. The results highlighted that the low ash VBC was more suitable for use as a fuel in CLC as it was highly reactive and its low ash content led to a smaller amount of ash deposition on the OC. The second study involved using synchrotron radiation to perform in-situ X-ray Diffraction studies of a VBC-fuelled CLC process to understand both the changes that the OC undergoes as part of the redox reaction as well as carbon deposition on the OC. The results showed that the reduction of Fe2O3 beyond Fe3O4 was not favourable over long periods of time when using CO2 as the gasification agent as it led to carbon deposition on the OC. The third study is a first-of-its-kind investigation, where the reduction kinetics of an Fe-based OC was determined in the presence of a char derived from VBC. The Shrinking Core Model (SCM) and the Modified Volume Reaction Model (MVRM) were used to model the reduction of the OC. The results showed that both models were capable of predicting the reduction of Fe2O3 in the presence of a solid fuel. The calculations also verified that the rate limiting step in CLC was that of char gasification. The fourth study investigated the effect of the reactor configuration on the performance of the CLC system as such a comparison has never been attempted. A fluidized bed reactor, an atmospheric fixed bed reactor and a pressurized fixed bed reactor operated at 5 bar were used. The amount of the fuel and the OC together with the flow rates of the gases were kept constant so that the results from the different setups could be compared accurately. It was found that using the fluidized bed reactor allowed for the fastest gasification of the fuel due to better contact between the gasification agent and fuel. Although the CO2 yield and carbon conversion in the fluidized bed reactor was lower compared to the other two fixed bed reactors, it is expected that the use of a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) reactor with cyclones, a carbon stripper and a taller expanded freeboard would improve these two parameters. The fifth study involved fabricating and trialling 18 synthetic OCs in which NiO, CuO and Mn2O3 were supported on Fe2O3. This was done as most studies in literature utilize an inert support that is not able to take part in the redox reaction; as such a greater quantity of the OC is needed to provide the necessary oxygen. The results highlight that impregnated OCs were more reactive relative to their physically mixed counterparts. The use of high levels of CuO should be avoided as it led to the defluidization of the bed. Although NiO performed well, it may not be suitable for use due to its toxicity. Taking numerous considerations into account, the use of Mn2O3 was recommended as it led to a synergistic effect with Fe2O3. The sixth and final study of this thesis utilized a 10 kWth alternating fluidized bed reactor to trial the performance of VBC in a large scale reactor. A number of studies on the effects of temperature, fuel type, OC particle size range and long term operation on the performance of the CLC system were done. The NOx emissions were quantified and a carbon balance was also performed. The NOx emissions were found to average around 25 ppm over the course of the reduction reaction. Based on the carbon balance, 6.8% of the introduced carbon was unaccounted for due to the low capture efficiency of the cyclones. The optimum parameters were found to be 900°C for the temperature, 150-350 μm for the OC particle size range and VBC for the fuel. The average carbon conversion and CO2 yield over 35 reduction reactions was found to be 86% and 81% respectively for the conditions optimized for this reactor setup. These studies show that the use of Fe-based OCs is highly promising with VBC. The main recommendation from this thesis is the use of VBC in a CFB reactor as this is expected to significantly improve the carbon conversion and CO2 yield.
