Economic and Energy Analyses of Regional Water Pollution Control PDF Download
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Author: Richard J. Heggen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Power resources
Languages : en
Pages : 180
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Book Description
In this study, discharge and loadings are empirically related to surveyed direct dollar and energy expenses. An energy I/O national model is coupled with a comprehensive Willamette River dissolved oxygen model. Costs estimated for discharges resulting from different pollution control strategies are then transformed by I/O to total energy costs. Three approaches to environmental control for the Willamette were examined. One was that of current enforcement coupled with present levels of augmentation. Another consisted of less augmentation and increased wastewater treatment. Appropriate tactics involved advanced secondary methods of treatment, regionalization of treatment plants, and yet more stringent effluent requirements for industry. The third approach consisted of increased flow augmentation for water quality control. Corresponding treatment was somewhat relaxed.
Author: Richard J. Heggen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Power resources
Languages : en
Pages : 180
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Book Description
In this study, discharge and loadings are empirically related to surveyed direct dollar and energy expenses. An energy I/O national model is coupled with a comprehensive Willamette River dissolved oxygen model. Costs estimated for discharges resulting from different pollution control strategies are then transformed by I/O to total energy costs. Three approaches to environmental control for the Willamette were examined. One was that of current enforcement coupled with present levels of augmentation. Another consisted of less augmentation and increased wastewater treatment. Appropriate tactics involved advanced secondary methods of treatment, regionalization of treatment plants, and yet more stringent effluent requirements for industry. The third approach consisted of increased flow augmentation for water quality control. Corresponding treatment was somewhat relaxed.
Author: Richard J. Heggen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Power resources
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Richard J. Heggen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Water
Languages : en
Pages : 444
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Book Description
Two strategic approaches to water quality control in Oregon's Willamette River are presently being utilized: point source treatment and flow augmentation. Dry weather releases from reservoirs are for authorized purposes other than water quality. Reservoirs can participate in pollution control by summer flow augmentation where authorized water resource objectives (flood control, navigation, etc.) are not sacrificed. It is hypothesized that the differences in total energy impact between treatment and augmentation may be substantial. Of additional interest is the comparison between direct utilization of energy for Willamette Valley pollution control and the indirect energy requirements of such programs. Input/Output analysis (I/O) provides an econometric methodology to study direct and indirect energy response to pollution control alternatives. An energy I/O national model is coupled with a comprehensive Willamette River dissolved oxygen model. Discharge and loadings are empirically related to surveyed direct dollar and energy expenses. These costs are then transformed by I/O to total energy costs. Three approaches to environmental control for the Willamette are examined. One is that of current enforcement coupled with present levels of augmentation. Another consists of less augmentation and increased wastewater treatment. Appropriate tactics involve advanced secondary methods of treatment, regionalization of treatment plants, and yet more stringent effluent requirements for industry. The third approach consists of increased flow augmentation for water quality control. Corresponding treatment is somewhat relaxed. Each alternative of environmental control is evaluated as if it had been practiced in a study year of low natural runoff. The relation of augmentation for water quality to other river uses is used to value flow in a benefits-foregone manner. Independently, reservoir costs are allocated to water quality. An instream unit price is thus assigned to augmentation. For each alternative of treatment and augmentation, the dissolved oxygen quality of the Willamette is simulated and the costs of the environmental strategy estimated. River quality, dollar cost, and energy impact response surfaces are developed. Indirect energy costs, largely expended out of the region, are roughly twice the direct energy use. Because of the predominance of treatment expenses over augmentation cost and the energy-intensive nature of treatment, energy impact is substantially a reflection of treatment degree. Because augmentation reduces treatment environmentally required, energy and dollar efficient management calls for the full role of augmentation in water quality control. To a reasonable degree this has in fact been carried out. Policies of the region are compared; the present commitments to environmental improvement and economic development are found to contradict the area's energy objectives.
Author: University of Oklahoma. Science and Public Policy Program
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Energy policy
Languages : en
Pages : 200
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Book Description
Author: T.R. Lakshmanan
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400987390
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 208
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Book Description
This publication is concerned with two major current debates in public policy in all affluent societies. One is the widespread concern with the quality of the natural environment-the quality of air, water, land, and wilderness areas-which has expressed itself in the passage and implementation in recent years of a variety of environmental laws and regulations. A second debate concerns the adequacy of energy resources to meet the requirements of a growing economy. The requirement that industries must abate environmental pollution leads to increased costs of production and, in turn, to higher prices, falling output in those industries, and reduced employment and income in the region where such industries are located. There may be, at the same time, growth in indus tries that supply pollution abatement equipment and services in those or other regions. Over time, the health and economic benefits of higher envi ronmental quality express themselves in changing patterns of consumption.
Author: Naomi Zeitouni
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 135189093X
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 620
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Book Description
This volume brings together a number of prominent economic studies all of which deal with key water quality issues. The studies focus on the economic aspects of water quality including identifying the polluters' actions and incentives, designing and comparing control mechanisms, analyzing the costs and benefits of water quality programmes, and finally managing transboundary water quality. They all make recommendations for improving water quality through changing incentives, programmes and/or policies.
Author: Allen V. Kneese
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1134003943
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 230
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Book Description
First Published in 2011. How clean should a stream be? And what represents an efficient way of bringing about desired conditions? These are the basic issues that confront those who are concerned with the husbandry of water resources through pollution control. This book offers form and substance to the concept of water quality management. It is unique in that it provides specific illustration of how theory and methodology of resources allocation may be employed in the formulation of rational decisions affecting water use and reuse.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Water
Languages : en
Pages : 140
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Book Description
Author: Samuel G. Unger
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Water
Languages : en
Pages : 140
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Book Description
Author: Peter William House
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 166
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Book Description
