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Author: Jesús Manuel Figueroa Rodríguez
Publisher:
ISBN: 9788468964690
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Jesús Manuel Figueroa Rodríguez
Publisher:
ISBN: 9788468964690
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Michael Meredith
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128215135
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 386
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Book Description
Ocean Mixing: Drivers, Mechanisms and Impacts presents a broad panorama of one of the most rapidly-developing areas of marine science. It highlights the state-of-the-art concerning knowledge of the causes of ocean mixing, and a perspective on the implications for ocean circulation, climate, biogeochemistry and the marine ecosystem. This edited volume places a particular emphasis on elucidating the key future questions relating to ocean mixing, and emerging ideas and activities to address them, including innovative technology developments and advances in methodology. Ocean Mixing is a key reference for those entering the field, and for those seeking a comprehensive overview of how the key current issues are being addressed and what the priorities for future research are. Each chapter is written by established leaders in ocean mixing research; the volume is thus suitable for those seeking specific detailed information on sub-topics, as well as those seeking a broad synopsis of current understanding. It provides useful ammunition for those pursuing funding for specific future research campaigns, by being an authoritative source concerning key scientific goals in the short, medium and long term. Additionally, the chapters contain bespoke and informative graphics that can be used in teaching and science communication to convey the complex concepts and phenomena in easily accessible ways. Presents a coherent overview of the state-of-the-art research concerning ocean mixing Provides an in-depth discussion of how ocean mixing impacts all scales of the planetary system Includes elucidation of the grand challenges in ocean mixing, and how they might be addressed
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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S'estudia la resposta de la capa de barreja oceànica al forçament atmosfèric considerant dades obtingudes durant 12 dies d'abril del 2001 a 42 estacions a través de l'Atlàntic nord seguint aproximadament la latitud de 53oN. Aquestes dades inclouen, a més de variables atmosfèriques, mesures de CTD, velocitats amb ADCP i dades de microestructura obtingudes amb un perfilador de caiguda lliure. En aquest últim cas, s'han desenvolupat tècniques de processament de les dades que també es presenten aquí. El transsecte estudiat segueix la posició climatològica del rotacional mitjà anual del vent igual a zero i travessa el corrent del Labrador i algunes branques i meandres del Corrent Atlàntic Nord. El forçament atmosfèric es va caracteritzar per vents intensos i fluxos superficials de calor negatius, tot i que, tal com es dedueix de la comparació del gruix de la capa de barreja amb la longitud de Monin-Obukov, la barreja induïda pel vent va dominar sobre la convectiva durant tot el transsecte. ABSTRACT The response of the mixed layer depth (MLD) to short-term (synoptic) variations of atmospheric forcing in the North Atlantic Ocean was analysed using CTD data, microstructure profiling, ADCP velocities and atmospheric measurements taken during the last 12 days of April 2001 at 42 stations located close to 53oN. The transect followed the climatological position of zero annually-averaged wind stress curl (WSC), crossing the Labrador Current and several branches and meanders of the North Atlantic Current. Atmospheric forcing was characterized by relatively high wind speeds and negative surface heat balance. It is described the variability of the mixed layer and some parameterizations on different lengthscales are proposed. The vertical structure of TKEDR is analyzed and two closures schemes (Munk-Anderson type) are proposed. Finally it is explored the momentum rate of transference from wind to the ocean interior.
Author: J.C.J. Nihoul
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080870848
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 557
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Book Description
This volume contains the proceedings of the 19th International Liège Colloquium on Ocean Hydrodynamics, the programme of which focused on the relationships between small-scale mixing and large-scale features, transports and processes. The presentation of papers on various methods of parameterization of small-scale turbulent mixing for numerical ocean models was particularly encouraged and this resulted in more than a third of the papers presented at the Colloquium dealing in one way or another with the parameterization problems; many of these papers demonstrate the direct results of modelling. These proportions are well reflected in this volume of proceedings and thus emphasize once more the importance of small-scale turbulence research for such vital practical applications as ocean modelling and forecasting.
Author: Michael C. Gregg
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1316800415
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 385
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Book Description
The stratified ocean mixes episodically in small patches where energy is dissipated and density smoothed over scales of centimeters. The net effect of these countless events effects the shape of the ocean's thermocline, how heat is transported from the sea surface to the interior, and how dense bottom water is lifted into the global overturning circulation. This book explores the primary factors affecting mixing, beginning with the thermodynamics of seawater, how they vary in the ocean and how they depend on the physical properties of seawater. Turbulence and double diffusion are then discussed, which determines how mixing evolves and the different impacts it has on velocity, temperature, and salinity. It reviews insights from both laboratory studies and numerical modelling, emphasising the assumptions and limitations of these methods. This is an excellent reference for researchers and graduate students working to advance our understanding of mixing, including oceanographers, atmospheric scientists and limnologists.
Author: J.D. Burton
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1468452150
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 243
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Book Description
The. Advanced Research Inst i tute (ARI) on Dynamic Processes in the Chemistry of the Upper OCean had its origins in discussions by the NATO Special Programme Panel on Marine Sciences during 1978 when a wide range of topics for future ARIs was being considered. What was then envisaged was a workshop on chemical aspects of the oceanic mixed layer, at which consider ation would be given to the inputs, cycling and removal of material, and the problems involved in the quantitative assessment of fluxes. It was realised that any attempt to model chemical processes would need the active collaboration of workers from other fields, especially physical oceano graphers concerned with air-sea interaction and turbulence, and biological oceano~raphers with expertise in primary productivity and the cycling of particulate and dissolved organic material. As plans for the ARI developed further a somewhat different emphasis emerged, focused on the question as to how chemists should set about observing an environment as variable and dynamic as the upper ocean and selecting the appropriate scales for the framework of measurements to study a particular process, especially in the light of current knowledge of physical processes of transport and mixing. It was plain that the capabil ity of physical oceanographic methods to resolve differences on small spatial and temporal scales is considerably ahead of the capabilities of biologists and chemists who rely upon discrete sampling and complex lab oratory manipulations in order to obtain most of their data.
Author: Matthew W. Hecht
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118671996
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 654
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Book Description
Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 177. This monograph is the first to survey progress in realistic simulation in a strongly eddying regime made possible by recent increases in computational capability. Its contributors comprise the leading researchers in this important and constantly evolving field. Divided into three parts Oceanographic Processes and Regimes: Fundamental Questions Ocean Dynamics and State: From Regional to Global Scale, and Modeling at the Mesoscale: State of the Art and Future Directions The volume details important advances in physical oceanography based on eddy resolving ocean modeling. It captures the state of the art and discusses issues that ocean modelers must consider in order to effectively contribute to advancing current knowledge, from subtleties of the underlying fluid dynamical equations to meaningful comparison with oceanographic observations and leading-edge model development. It summarizes many of the important results which have emerged from ocean modeling in an eddying regime, for those interested broadly in the physical science. More technical topics are intended to address the concerns of those actively working in the field.
Author: Owen M. Phillips
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ocean waves
Languages : en
Pages : 278
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 5
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Book Description
ONR grant N00014-98-1-0037, "Arctic Mixed Layer Dynamics," is the last in a series of Arctic Mixed Layer Grants extending over more than 20 years. Throughout that time our approach has been to bring new tools to bear on fundamental questions about mixing in the upper ocean, particularly the mixed layer and underice planetary boundary layer. Over the years we have sought to understand the heat and mass balance of the mixed layer, marginal ice zone processes, the Arctic internal wave and mixing environment, summer and winter leads, and convection. In light of recent changes In the upper ocean structure, our long-term goals shifted toward processes important to large-scale changes. Our primary objective under the present grant was to understand the effect of horizontal inhomogeneity on the surface boundary layer during summer.
Author: Benoit Cushman-Roisin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fluid dynamics
Languages : en
Pages : 240
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Book Description
Convection, mixing and advection in the upper ocean may be thought of as the motion of two interacting fluids of different properties: the sinking fluid parcels generated near the surface and transmitting surface information downward, and the compensating rising return flow. A general theory based on this concept is developed and applied to various cases, including deepening of the wind-mixed layer, penetrative convection due to surface cooling, and upper ocean frontogenesis due to horizontal advection. Although the applications focus on the upper ocean, the theory also applies to the lower atmosphere. Equations of the general theory are written for two interactnig Boussinesq fluids in a rotating frame. Interaction terms are parameterized in order to apply the theory to geophysical situations. Considerable simplification is obtained by assuming that the response time of turbulence is much less than the time scale of evolution of the overall system. The study of deepening of the wind-mixed layer and of penetrative convection due to surface cooling are straightforward applications of the general theory. The analytical treatment of the equations is simplified using the observations that the mixed layer is quasi-homogeneous in its physical properties and that the thermocline is a thin layer of large gradients. The solution is analytical and simple.
