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Author: Lianzhong Li
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Energy conservation
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
District Heating Systems (DHS) are widely utilized for space heating in residential and commercial buildings. They offer economic benefits to consumers in terms of lower heating costs. The energy efficiency of DHS can be further improved by optimally controlling the operating parameters of the system. With this as a motivation, dynamic modeling and optimal operation strategies of DHS are explored in this thesis. Two typical District Heating Systems namely Direct District Heating System (DDHS) and Indirect District Heating System (IDHS) are considered. Using typical system configurations the components of the DHS were sized. Dynamic models of the designed DHSS useful for control analysis were developed. Open loop tests subject to constant inputs and loads were conducted to evaluate the time response characteristics of DHS. A methodology for computing optimal operating parameters of DHS is presented. These optimal parameters so computed are used as set points for PID controllers. The DHS by virtue of its long distribution network is subject to large transportation time delays. To compensate such time delays, a PID controller augmented with a Smith Predictor is developed. The designed controller is used to simulate closed loop operation of DHS under variable load conditions. Results show that the optimal set point strategy can save 10%-15% energy compared to conventional control strategies.
Author: Lianzhong Li
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Energy conservation
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
District Heating Systems (DHS) are widely utilized for space heating in residential and commercial buildings. They offer economic benefits to consumers in terms of lower heating costs. The energy efficiency of DHS can be further improved by optimally controlling the operating parameters of the system. With this as a motivation, dynamic modeling and optimal operation strategies of DHS are explored in this thesis. Two typical District Heating Systems namely Direct District Heating System (DDHS) and Indirect District Heating System (IDHS) are considered. Using typical system configurations the components of the DHS were sized. Dynamic models of the designed DHSS useful for control analysis were developed. Open loop tests subject to constant inputs and loads were conducted to evaluate the time response characteristics of DHS. A methodology for computing optimal operating parameters of DHS is presented. These optimal parameters so computed are used as set points for PID controllers. The DHS by virtue of its long distribution network is subject to large transportation time delays. To compensate such time delays, a PID controller augmented with a Smith Predictor is developed. The designed controller is used to simulate closed loop operation of DHS under variable load conditions. Results show that the optimal set point strategy can save 10%-15% energy compared to conventional control strategies.
Author: Atli Benonysson
Publisher:
ISBN: 9788788038248
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 249
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Book Description
Author: Richard E. Rosenthal
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Mathematical models
Languages : en
Pages : 571
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Book Description
Author: Christian Inard
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3039363662
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 176
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Book Description
The articles presented in this Special Issue cover different aspects of the urban planning process, such as simulation, optimization or decision-making. The authors highlighted the importance of performing an integrated design of the district, considering different sectors, different energy vectors and different operation modes. In order to better integrate renewable and residual energy sources (R²ES), careful design of systems and storage solutions should be performed. Different storage solutions were tested, ranging from large-scale thermal energy storage to vehicle batteries or the thermal mass of buildings. Van der Heijde et al. (2019) proposed a two-layer design optimization algorithm to design a district heating network with solar thermal collectors, seasonal thermal energy storage and excess heat injection. Pajot et al. (2019) also performed an optimization of the sizing and control of energy systems in a district equipped with heat pumps, with thermal energy storage or thermal mass utilization. A hybrid distribution system, coupling the thermal and electrical networks, was proposed by Widl et al. (2019). Arnaudo et al. (2019) used the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) concept to decrease the overloading of the electrical distribution network during heat pump operation. Finally, Kazmi et al. (2019) proposed an integrated decision-making planning approach for a better integration of R²ES in the distribution network. The complexity of urban planning leads to the development of new tools and methodologies. Until now, operation was poorly integrated in the design phase. New urban building energy modeling tools were proposed by the different authors. These tools are either based on co-simulations or integrated solutions to be able to capture the fine dynamics of a district. The difficulty of generating the input data for the models was also discussed. Regarding the methodology, most articles proposed a two-stage optimization procedure to optimize both the operational and design aspects. Mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) and genetic algorithms were often used to find optimal solutions.
Author: Marouf Pirouti
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
District heating systems have the potential to contribute to the UK renewable energy targets. However, there are a number of economic barriers which would have to be addressed in order to make district heating competitive in comparison with alternative heating technologies. The objective of this research was to model and analyse a district heating network and develop an optimisation method to calculate the minimum capital investment, heat losses and pump energy consumption. Firstly, modelling and analysis of a district heating network was conducted to obtain district heating design cases with minimum annual total energy consumption, annual total exergy consumption and annualised cost. Then through the analysis, a two-stage programming model was developed which synthesised design and optimal operation of a district heating network. The optimisation was used to minimise annual total energy consumption, annual total exergy consumption or annualised cost of the heat network by selecting suitable pump and pipe sizes, taking into account different parameters such as target pressure loss, temperature regime and operating strategy. The optimisation technique was used to investigate two different case studies, with high and low heat density. In all cases, a variable flow and variable supply temperature operating method was found to be beneficial. Design cases with minimum annual total energy consumption and annualised cost used rather small pipe diameters and large pressure drops. To achieve the minimum annual total exergy consumption a design case with larger pipe diameters and smaller pressure loss was found to be desirable. It was observed that by reducing the water temperature and increasing temperature difference between supply and return pipes, the annual total energy consumption, annual total exergy consumption and the annualised cost were reduced. It was also shown that district heating in an area with high heat density is more energy efficient and cost effective.
Author: Vasant, Pandian
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 1466697563
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 521
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Book Description
As the world continues to evolve technologically, people depend more heavily on energy-dependent systems to fulfill their daily needs. However, as these needs grow, it is important to develop sustainable systems that are reliable, as well as environmentally sound. Sustaining Power Resources through Energy Optimization and Engineering highlights the sustainable development and efficient operation of energy systems being provided to consumers. Featuring emergent research and trends within the area of power optimization and engineering, this book is a crucial reference source for engineers, researchers, sustainability experts, and professionals interested in the improvement and usage of infrastructural energy systems.
Author: Jan L.M. Hensen
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 0429688539
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 958
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Book Description
When used appropriately, building performance simulation has the potential to reduce the environmental impact of the built environment, to improve indoor quality and productivity, as well as to facilitate future innovation and technological progress in construction. Since publication of the first edition of Building Performance Simulation for Design and Operation, the discussion has shifted from a focus on software features to a new agenda, which centres on the effectiveness of building performance simulation in building life cycle processes. This new edition provides a unique and comprehensive overview of building performance simulation for the complete building life cycle from conception to demolition, and from a single building to district level. It contains new chapters on building information modelling, occupant behaviour modelling, urban physics modelling, urban building energy modelling and renewable energy systems modelling. This new edition keeps the same chapter structure throughout including learning objectives, chapter summaries and assignments. Moreover, the book: • Provides unique insights into the techniques of building performance modelling and simulation and their application to performance-based design and operation of buildings and the systems which service them. • Provides readers with the essential concepts of computational support of performance-based design and operation. • Provides examples of how to use building simulation techniques for practical design, management and operation, their limitations and future direction. It is primarily intended for building and systems designers and operators, and postgraduate architectural, environmental or mechanical engineering students.
Author: Qing-Hua Wu
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811369437
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 193
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Book Description
This book discusses key issues in the planning and operation of large-scale integrated energy systems (LSIES). It establishes individual-based models for LSIES and develops multi-objective optimization algorithms and multi-attribute decision making support systems, which are applied to the planning and optimal operation of LSIES. It is a valuable reference work for researchers, students and engineers who are interested in energy systems, operation research and decision theory.
Author: Simone Göttlich
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030627322
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 333
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Book Description
This edited monograph offers a summary of future mathematical methods supporting the recent energy sector transformation. It collects current contributions on innovative methods and algorithms. Advances in mathematical techniques and scientific computing methods are presented centering around economic aspects, technical realization and large-scale networks. Over twenty authors focus on the mathematical modeling of such future systems with careful analysis of desired properties and arising scales. Numerical investigations include efficient methods for the simulation of possibly large-scale interconnected energy systems and modern techniques for optimization purposes to guarantee stable and reliable future operations. The target audience comprises research scientists, researchers in the R&D field, and practitioners. Since the book highlights possible future research directions, graduate students in the field of mathematical modeling or electrical engineering may also benefit strongly.
Author: Lian Zhong Li
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 452
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Book Description
