Does Interannual Variability in Phytoplankton Blooms in the North Atlantic Affect Air-sea CO2 Flux? PDF Download
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Author: Maya Roseanne Gill-Taylor
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 56
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Author: Maya Roseanne Gill-Taylor
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 56
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Author: Rei Ueyama
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 118
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Author: Uma S. Bhatt
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 356
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Author: Alan R. Longhurst
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080465579
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 575
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Book Description
This book presents an in-depth discussion of the biological and ecological geography of the oceans. It synthesizes locally restricted studies of the ocean to generate a global geography of the vast marine world.Based on patterns of algal ecology, the book divides the ocean into four primary compartments, which are then subdivided into secondary compartments. *Includes color insert of the latest in satellite imagery showing the world's oceans, their similarities and differences*Revised and updated to reflect the latest in oceanographic research*Ideal for anyone interested in understanding ocean ecology -- accessible and informative
Author: Peter S. Liss
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3642256430
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 315
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Book Description
The oceans and atmosphere interact through various processes, including the transfer of momentum, heat, gases and particles. In this book leading international experts come together to provide a state-of-the-art account of these exchanges and their role in the Earth-system, with particular focus on gases and particles. Chapters in the book cover: i) the ocean-atmosphere exchange of short-lived trace gases; ii) mechanisms and models of interfacial exchange (including transfer velocity parameterisations); iii) ocean-atmosphere exchange of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide; iv) ocean atmosphere exchange of particles and v) current and future data collection and synthesis efforts. The scope of the book extends to the biogeochemical responses to emitted / deposited material and interactions and feedbacks in the wider Earth-system context. This work constitutes a highly detailed synthesis and reference; of interest to higher-level university students (Masters, PhD) and researchers in ocean-atmosphere interactions and related fields (Earth-system science, marine / atmospheric biogeochemistry / climate). Production of this book was supported and funded by the EU COST Action 735 and coordinated by the International SOLAS (Surface Ocean- Lower Atmosphere Study) project office.
Author: Hein Rune Skjoldal
Publisher: Fagbokforlaget
ISBN:
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 568
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Book Description
'The Norwegian Sea Ecosystem' elucidates the interaction between the different ecological compartments of the area, with special emphasis on the most important pelagic fish stocks. It deals with mechanisms for ecosystem variability and discusses the challenge of an ecosystem approach to managing the area.
Author: Kristina Dee Anne Mojica
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 288971652X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 314
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Author: Patrick Buat-Ménard
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400947380
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 555
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Book Description
This book arises from a NATO-sponsored Advanced Study Institute on 'The Role of Air-Sea Exchange in Geochemical Cycling' held at Bombann@§. near Bordeaux, France. from 16 to 27 September 1985. The chapters of the book are the written versions of the lectures given at the Institute. The aim of the book is to give a comprehensive up-to-date coverage of the subject. presented in a teaching mode. The chapters contain much recent research material and attempt to give the reader an understanding of how the role of air-sea exchange in geochemical cycling can be quantitatively assessed. In the last decade, major advances in the fields of marine and atmospheric chemistry have underlined the role of physical, chemical and biological processes at and near the air-sea interface in a number of geochemical cycles (C. S, N, metals etc ... ). Further, there is strong concern over the anthropogenic perturbation of these cycles on both regional and global scales. The first part of the book (Chapters 1 to 8) provides a review of topics fundamental to such studies. These topics include concepts in geochemical modelling, assessment of atmospheric transport from sources to the oceans. description of mixing and transport processes within the ocean for both dissolved and particulate materials, quantification of air-sea fluxes for both gases and particles, photochemical transformations in the atmospheric and oceanic boundary layers.
Author: Courtney Michelle Payne
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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The Arctic Ocean has changed substantially because of climate change. The loss of sea ice extent and thickness has increased light availability in the surface ocean during the ice-covered portion of the year. Sea ice loss has also been a factor in the observed increases in sea surface temperatures and likely impacts surface ocean nutrient inventories. These changing environmental conditions have substantially altered patterns of phytoplankton net primary production (NPP) across the Arctic Ocean. While NPP in the Arctic Ocean was previously considered insubstantial until the time of sea ice breakup and retreat, the observation of massive under-ice (UI) phytoplankton blooms in many of the Arctic seas reveals that the largest pulse of NPP may be produced prior to sea ice retreat. However, estimating how much NPP is generated during the UI part of the year is challenging, as satellite observations are hampered by sea ice cover and very few field campaigns have targeted UI blooms for study. This thesis uses a combination of laboratory experiments, biogeochemical modeling, and an analysis of satellite remote sensing data to better understand how the magnitude and spatial frequency of UI phytoplankton blooms has changed over time in the Arctic Ocean, as well as to assess the likely biogeochemical consequences of these blooms. In Chapter 2, I present a one-dimensional ecosystem model (CAOS-GO), which I used to evaluate the magnitude of UI phytoplankton blooms in the northern Chukchi Sea (72°N) between 1988 and 2018. UI blooms were produced in all but four years over that period, accounted for half of total annual NPP, and were the primary drivers of interannual variability in NPP. Further, I found that years with large UI blooms had reduced rates of zooplankton grazing, leading to an intensification of the mismatch between phytoplankton and zooplankton populations. In Chapter 3, I used the same model configuration to investigate the role of UI bloom variability in controlling sedimentary processes in the northern Chukchi Sea. I found that, as total annual NPP increased from 1988 to 2018, there were increases in particle export to the benthos, nitrification in the water column and the sediments, and sedimentary denitrification. These increases in particle export to the benthos and denitrification were driven by higher rates of NPP early in the year (January-June) and were highest in years where under-ice blooms dominate, indicating the importance of UI NPP as drivers of these biogeochemical consequences. Additionally, I tested the system's sensitivity to added N, finding that, if N supply in the region increased, 30\% of the added N would subsequently be lost to denitrification. I subsequently deployed this model in the southern Chukchi Sea (68°N) to understand latitudinal differences in UI bloom importance across the region (Chapter 4). I found that UI blooms were far less important contributors to total NPP in the southern Chukchi Sea. Further, I found that their importance was waning over time; NPP generated in the UI period from 2013-2018 was only 34\% of the 1988-1993 mean. This lower rate of UI NPP was driven by a far shorter UI period as sea ice retreated nearly six weeks earlier than in the northern Chukchi Sea. However, low UI NPP was associated with higher rates of both total NPP and sedimentary denitrification in the southern Chukchi Sea than in the north. In Chapter 5, I used satellite remote sensing to determine how UI bloom frequency changed across the Arctic between 2003 and 2021. I found that UI blooms are a widespread feature and can be generated across 40\% of the observable seasonal sea ice zone in the Arctic Ocean. While there was an increase in observable area as sea ice retreated, there was no change in UI area, driving a nearly 10\% decline in the proportion of UI bloom prevalence. The Chukchi Sea was identified as both the region with the highest prevalence of UI blooms and the region most responsible for the decline in UI blooms. Finally, to understand the functional relationship between co-limiting light and nutrient conditions on phytoplankton growth, I conducted a laboratory experiment (Chapter 6). Phytoplankton growth under co-limiting conditions, which is frequently observed in the field, is often modeled using one of two functional relationships, but these relationships produce vastly different predictions of phytoplankton bloom magnitude. Although this laboratory experiment aimed to quantify the functional relationship of light and nutrient limitation on phytoplankton growth, I faced challenges in quantifying the nitrogen (N) concentration and was unable to meaningfully distinguish between these two functional relationships. However, this work also demonstrated that there is little difference between these functional relationships in areas like the Arctic Ocean, where nutrient concentrations can be rapidly depleted, diminishing from non-limiting to scarce over just a few days. Together, the results of this dissertation suggest that UI phytoplankton blooms can substantially contribute to total NPP, drive reductions in food availability, and change the rate of nitrogen loss. However, this work also demonstrates that UI blooms, which have likely been an important source of NPP across the Arctic since at least the 1980s, are likely an ephemeral feature, with their prevalence likely to decline in coming years as sea ice retreat shifts earlier.
Author: Emin Özsoy
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401157588
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 520
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Book Description
Recent decades have seen a degradation of the environmental quality in semi-enclosed seas, which are particularly sensitive to population pressures due to their naturally low flushing rates related to their geometry. The North Sea, Baltic Sea and the Black Sea are amongst the most seriously threatened seas in the Euro-Asian region. Each semi-enclosed sea has a distinct pattern of circulation, transport, mixing, associated with the particular geometry, topography, boundary processes, interior stratification, atmospheric forcing, ice fonnation, straits / sill controls, and the specific inputs of freshwater, nutrients and pollutants. The workshop investigated the distinctive physical and ecological characteristics of the three seas in a comparative manner, in order to identify the types of driving forces and dynamic controls operating on productivity, nutrient cycling, physical transport and mixing mechanisms. A comparative study of these controlling mechanisms would allow us to better understand ecosystem sensitivity in these different environments. The workshop presentations highlighted the complexity of the semi-enclosed seas related to the interaction amongst the physical, chemical and biological fields, and differences in time and space scales in each of the systems. Further, a strong climate signal exists in these systems, manifest in the interannual, interdecadal and longer term variability. Part of the variability appears connected with background climatic variability.
