Does a Region Need Its Own Zero Emission Vehicle Mandate, Or Can it Free-ride Off Another? Modelling British Columbia and California PDF Download
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Author: Maxwell Martin Sykes
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 71
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Book Description
Policymakers are investigating how to transition to zero emission vehicles (ZEVs) to achieve long-term GHG targets. ZEV adoption is limited by regional and global barriers, where reductions in global barriers spill over between regions. I use an energy-economy model to investigate whether a smaller North American region (British Columbia) needs its own strong ZEV policy or can instead free-ride off spillovers from policy in other jurisdictions (California and other ZEV States) to achieve their GHG target. I find that 50% of new vehicles sold in 2040 and over 90% in 2050 need to be ZEVs, and that these adoption levels likely cannot be achieved through free-riding. Rather, regions likely need their own strong ZEV policy alongside other vehicle and fuel policies, even under optimistic assumptions about technological progress. Moreover, regions with strong ZEV policy may lower GHG abatement costs 11-48% by convincing other jurisdictions to follow with similar policy.
Author: Maxwell Martin Sykes
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 71
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Book Description
Policymakers are investigating how to transition to zero emission vehicles (ZEVs) to achieve long-term GHG targets. ZEV adoption is limited by regional and global barriers, where reductions in global barriers spill over between regions. I use an energy-economy model to investigate whether a smaller North American region (British Columbia) needs its own strong ZEV policy or can instead free-ride off spillovers from policy in other jurisdictions (California and other ZEV States) to achieve their GHG target. I find that 50% of new vehicles sold in 2040 and over 90% in 2050 need to be ZEVs, and that these adoption levels likely cannot be achieved through free-riding. Rather, regions likely need their own strong ZEV policy alongside other vehicle and fuel policies, even under optimistic assumptions about technological progress. Moreover, regions with strong ZEV policy may lower GHG abatement costs 11-48% by convincing other jurisdictions to follow with similar policy.
Author: Gustavo Oscar Collantes
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 370
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Book Description
Author: British Columbia
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electric vehicle industry
Languages : en
Pages : 17
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Book Description
Author: Lloyd S. Dixon
Publisher: Rand Corporation
ISBN: 9780833032126
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 139
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Book Description
California's Zero Emission Vehicle ÝZEV¨ program requires that starting in 2003, a portion of the new vehicles delivered for sale in the state must produce no emissions. This study examines the costs and emission benefits of battery powered electric vehicles, direct hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles, and other advanced technology vehicles, such as gasoline hybrid electric vehicles, that manufacturers may use to satisfy program requirements. The authors find that the cost of battery-powered electric vehicles per ton of emissions reduced is very high and not likely to fall to reasonable levels any time soon, and that it is too early to tell whether direct hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, which show much promise, are an economical way to improve California's air quality. The study also evaluates California's goal of reducing the emissions of the state's light duty vehicle fleet to zero. It finds that federal air quality standards can be met without a zero emission fleet and that lower cost alternatives for improving air quality appear available. The authors conclude that instead of requiring manufacturers to meet emission reduction targets with particular vehicle technologies, California should eliminate the requirement for zero emission vehicles, tighten emission standards on light-duty vehicles, and focus on setting emission performance standards.
Author: Mark Jaccard
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108479375
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 307
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Book Description
Shows readers how we can all help solve the climate crisis by focusing on a few key, achievable actions.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 155
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Book Description
The Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) program is a controversial part of California's strategy for meeting federal air quality standards. The program has been significantly modified multiple times since it was adopted by the California Air Resources Board in 1990 and is currently being challenged in court. This report is an independent assessment of the costs and emission benefits of ZEVs and the other low-emission vehicles that manufacturers are allowed to use to meet ZEV program requirements. It reviews the program in the context of the overall strategy for reducing emissions in the greater Los Angeles area and makes recommendations for reform. The analysis and results presented should be of interest to government agencies, environmental groups, and automakers involved in developing policies to improve air quality in California. California has made significant progress in improving air quality in many parts of the state. However, substantial reductions in emissions of non-methane organic gases (NMO(3) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) are still needed to meet federal standards in California's South Coast Air Basin by 2010, as required by the Clean Air Act. The South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) and the California Air Resources Board (CARB) have adopted an aggressive strategy to reduce emissions. A controversial part of this strategy is the state's Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) program, which requires that auto manufacturers begin selling ZEVs starting in 2003. The ZEV program is a first step in achieving CARB.
Author: Douglas Stubbe
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages : 9
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Book Description
Author: California Environmental Protection Agency. Air Resources Board
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air quality management
Languages : en
Pages : 114
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Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309268524
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 395
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Book Description
For a century, almost all light-duty vehicles (LDVs) have been powered by internal combustion engines operating on petroleum fuels. Energy security concerns about petroleum imports and the effect of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on global climate are driving interest in alternatives. Transitions to Alternative Vehicles and Fuels assesses the potential for reducing petroleum consumption and GHG emissions by 80 percent across the U.S. LDV fleet by 2050, relative to 2005. This report examines the current capability and estimated future performance and costs for each vehicle type and non-petroleum-based fuel technology as options that could significantly contribute to these goals. By analyzing scenarios that combine various fuel and vehicle pathways, the report also identifies barriers to implementation of these technologies and suggests policies to achieve the desired reductions. Several scenarios are promising, but strong, and effective policies such as research and development, subsidies, energy taxes, or regulations will be necessary to overcome barriers, such as cost and consumer choice.
Author: British Columbia. Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electric automobiles
Languages : en
Pages : 10
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Book Description
