Developments and Applications of Electrophoresis and Small Molecule Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry PDF Download
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Author: Hui Zhang
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Hui Zhang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 160
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Ultra-sensitive native fluorescence detection of proteins with miniaturized one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was achieved with laser side-entry excitation, which provides both high excitation power and low background level. The detection limit for R-phycoerythrin protein spots in 1-D SDS-PAGE was as low as 15 fg, which corresponds to 40 thousand molecules only. The average detection limit of six standard native proteins was 5 pg per band and the dynamic range spanned more than 3 orders of magnitude. Approximately 150 protein spots from 30 ng of total Escherichia coli extraction were detected on a 0.8 cm x 1 cm gel in two-dimensional separation. Estrogen-DNA adducts as 4-OHE1(E2)-1-N3Ade and 4-OHEI(E2)-2-NacCys were hypothesized as early risk assessment of prostate and breast cancers. Capillary electrophoresis, luminescence/absorption spectroscopy and LC-MS were used to characterize and detect these adducts. Monoclonal antibodies against each individual adduct were developed and used to enrich such compounds from urine samples of prostate and breast cancer patients as well as healthy people. Adduct 4-OHE1-1-N3Ade was detected at much higher level in urine from subjects with prostate cancer patients compared to healthy males. The same adduct and 4-OHEI-2-NacCys were also detected at a much higher level in urine from a woman with breast carcinoma than samples from healthy controls. These two DNA adducts may serve as novel biomarkers for early diagnostic of cancers. The adsorption properties of R-phycoerythrin (RPE), on the fused-silica surface were studied using capillary electrophoresis (CE) and single molecule spectroscopy. The band shapes and migration times were measured in CE. Adsorption and desorption events were recorded at the single-molecule level by imaging of the evanescent-field layer using total internal reflection. The adsorbed RPE molecules on the fused-silica prism surface were counted with confidence based on Imagej software. The capacity factor and desorption rate were estimated from the counting results. The mobility-based adsorption isotherms were constructed from both computer simulations and experiments to determine the capacity factor.
Author: Richard B. Cole
Publisher: Wiley-Interscience
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 610
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Comprehensive, up-to-date coverage of a revolutionary technique Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) has completely changed the way physicists, chemists, and biologists view the study of large molecules. The technique derives detailed information about molecular weights and structures from extremely small sample quantities. ESI-MS can create highly charged forms of very high molecular weight compounds, it is naturally compatible with many types of separation techniques, and it allows noncovalent interactions between molecules in solution to be preserved in the gas phase. But many researchers may not use the technique to its full potential because they are unfamiliar with the different perspectives of its underlying processes, the varied approaches to implementation, and the wide-ranging utility of the technique. In this book, Richard B. Cole and an assemblage of leading researchers present a single-volume compilation of different approaches to the understanding and exploitation of ESI-MS. This comprehensive guide: * Examines the physical and chemical aspects of the electrospray process and describes the events involved in ion formation as well as the electro-chemical phenomena that are central to charged droplet formation during the process * Explores the coupling of electrospray ionization to various mass spectrometers, including quadrupole, magnetic, time-of-flight, quadrupole ion trap, and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance instruments * Describes recent progress in interfacing ESI with solution-based separation techniques, including liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis * Charts the rapid development of ESI applications and categorizes them by compound type: peptides and proteins, nucleic acids and their constituents, carbohydrates and lipids, small molecules related to pharmacology and drug metabolism, and organometallics and inorganic compounds Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry is the indispensable handbook and reference for anyone who wishes to understand, implement, or apply this technique, including researchers in chemistry, metallochemistry, biochemistry, biology, pharmacology, and physics.
Author: Zongwei Cai
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3642356656
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 220
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MALDI-ToF Mass Spectrometry for Studying Noncovalent Complexes of Biomolecules, by Stefanie Mädler, Elisabetta Boeri Erba, Renato Zenobi Application of MALDI-TOF-Mass Spectrometry to Proteome Analysis Using Stain-Free Gel Electrophoresis, by Iuliana Susnea, Bogdan Bernevic, Michael Wicke, Li Ma, Shuying Liu, Karl Schellander, Michael Przybylski MALDI Mass Spectrometry for Nucleic Acid Analysis, by Xiang Gao, Boon-Huan Tan, Richard J. Sugrue, Kai Tang Determination of Peptide and Protein Disulfide Linkages by MALDI Mass Spectrometry, by Hongmei Yang, Ning Liu, Shuying Liu MALDI In-Source Decay, from Sequencing to Imaging, by Delphine Debois, Nicolas Smargiasso, Kevin Demeure, Daiki Asakawa, Tyler A. Zimmerman, Loïc Quinton, Edwin De Pauw Advances of MALDI-TOF MS in the Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicines, by Minghua Lu, Zongwei Cai Chemical and Biochemical Applications of MALDI TOF-MS Based on Analyzing the Small Organic Compounds, by Haoyang Wang, Zhixiong Zhao, Yinlong Guo Bioinformatic Analysis of Data Generated from MALDI Mass Spectrometry for Biomarker Discovery, by Zengyou He, Robert Z. Qi, Weichuan Yu
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Publisher: Elsevier Science
ISBN: 9780080438504
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 7000
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Overview: The Encyclopedia of Mass Spectrometry The need for an encyclopedia of mass spectrometry (MS) becomes apparent when considering the subject's evolution. By 1990, MS had evolved as a discipline and as a technique for solving problems in chemistry. Along with nuclear magnetic resonance and optical spectroscopy, it was a tool for compound identification. For complex mixtures as found in environmental chemistry, flavors, energy materials, and small-molecule metabolism, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry had become the premier analytical method. Despite these advances, MS played in 1990 only a small role in polar and large-molecule analysis. Field desorption, fast atom bombardment, and Cf-252 plasma desorption gently pushed it into peptide sequencing and molecular weight determination of larger polymers. Although these ionizations had limitations, when they were coupled with tandem mass spectrometers, the future became clearer. MS now awaited the development of new ionization methods that would extend its capabilities into many different research laboratories. The inventions of electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) in the late 1980s opened the door for that greater role. Even the discipline of MS could expand by embracing the chemical-physical studies of proteins and oligodeoxynucleotides in the gas phase. The broad applicability of MS to a multitude of chemical, physical, and biological problems makes it now the central tool in chemical analysis. No longer a specialist's tool, it has assumed broad applicability and availability. To permit a full and fruitful expansion in other disciplines, the Encyclopedia of Mass Spectrometry is designed to be a learning tool to newcomers who do not have the theoretical and practical background needed to take advantage of the possibilities of MS. Moreover, the field is now so broad that the specialist also needs a resource to allow exploration of its vast reaches. The encyclopedia meets that need and strives to be an entrance into the subject and to serve as its major reference work. Volume 1: Theory and Ion Chemistry Volume 1 begins with two theory chapters. The first discusses theoretical aspects of ion collisions, chemistry, and dynamics, and the second introduces ab initio calculations of ions. The latter has become a nearly indispensable tool in ion chemistry studies today. Instrumentation is essential in fundamental investigations. Chapter 3 introduces instrumentation, with an emphasis on unusual instrumentation, generally not commercially available. Ion traps, ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometers, and time-of-flight instruments, which are important in both fundamental studies and in applications, are also covered. Chapter 4 discusses myriad means of performing spectroscopic experiments on ions. In the next chapter, various methods of measuring thermodynamic information about ions are introduced and evaluated. Collisional activation and dissociation processes, in various incarnations, are in Chapter 6. Mobility experiments are the focus of the next chapter, which covers fundamental aspects and applications of this rapidly growing technology. Various means and uses of changing charge states of ions is the topic of chapter 8. Chapters 9 and 10 introduce the ion chemistry of organic ions, positive and negative, respectively. The last three chapters (Chapter 11-13) are expositions of the ion chemistry of clusters and solvation phenomena, inorganic chemistry, and the rapidly expanding area of biochemistry. Volume 2: Biological Applications Part A The focus of Volume 2 is peptides and proteins. The organization emphasizes separation techniques, preparation protocols, and fundamentals of ionic gas-phase species of biological importance. This volume is divided into four sections: (1) experimental approaches and protocols, (2) sequence analysis, (3) other structural analyses, and (4) targeted applications. The first section encompass separation procedures (e.g., 2-D gel electrophoresis), sample preparation (e.g., desalting and enzyme digestion), and instrumentation issues (e.g., high resolving power, molecular-weight determination, protein chips, and quantification). H/D exchange, analysis of membrane proteins, and bioinformatics are included. The next section on sequencing covers high energy and low energy CAD, protein identification, fundamentals of peptide fragmentation, bottom-up and top-down strategies, chemical derivatization, and post-source decay with MALDI. A section on structure analysis includes primary structure determination and issues with studying quaternary structure, protein-protein and protein-ligand complexes, disulfide analysis, phosphopeptides and phosphoproteins, selenoproteins, nitrated proteins, metal ion binding, and oxidized proteins. Additional coverage of methods for studying the biophysics of proteins is provided in Volume 6. The last chapter, Targeted Applications, focuses on neuropeptides, clinical applications, enzyme kinetics, imaging, and single-cell analysis. Volume 3: Biological Applications Part B Over the past decades, enormous gains have been made towards the analysis of all the biomolecules in cells. Although early attention was focused on peptides and proteins, a wealth of information is arising about other major biomolecules including nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates. In no small way, modern ionization methods, especially electrospray and matrix-assisted laser desorption, have provided a quantum leap in the capabilities of the tools we can now deploy in answering biological questions involving structure and molecular weight of virtually every type of molecule in the cell. Volume 3 covers classes carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and lipids. In addition, special areas of application are also included, such as pharmaceuticals, natural products, isotope ratio methods for biomolecules analysis, and clinical applications. The articles are arranged under general headings for continuity and ease of access, although several of these are of interest across the various disciplines. The articles cover basics and sufficient additional detail to bring the reader up-to-date on a given subject. Some advanced topics are also covered, either in a special section of an article or in additional reading citations. Volume 4: Organic and Organometallic Compounds This volume presents a cross section of applications in organic and organometallic chemistry in two parts. Chapters 1 to 6 are devoted to the fundamentals whereas chapters 7 and 8 cover applications to organic and organometallic compounds, either available as pure compounds or present in complex mixtures. Chapter 1 describes the theory for organic mass spectrometry, building on and complementing material in Volume 1. The themes for Chapter 2 are the structures and properties of gas-phase ions of conventional, distonic, and non-covalent complexes. Chapter 3 covers methodology used in study of gas-phase ions. Chapters 4 and 5 turn to mechanisms of both unimolecular and bimolecular reactions of ions and include topics in stereochemistry and radical chemistry. Chapter 6 contains a number of articles on the formation and reactivity of metal ion complexes and organometallic cations and anions, drawing connections with molecular recognition, catalysis and organic synthesis. Chapter 7 deals with the structure determination of organic compounds, including chiral compounds and natural products. In chapter 8 are contributions that provide illustrative examples of the determination of organic compounds present at low levels in complex samples that originate from various natural and biological sources. Included is an article on the determination of explosives. Volume 5: Elemental and Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry This volume focuses on (1) the plethora of mostly atomic ionization techniques that have been coupled to MS for elemental analysis, the measurement of isotope ratios, and even the determination of inorganic compounds and (2) the precise measurement of isotope ratios of organic elements as small gas molecules by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). Volume 6: Ionization Methods Volume 6 captures the story of molecular ionization and its phenomenal evolution that makes mass spectrometry the powerful method it is today. Chapters 1 and 2 cover fundamentals and various issues that are common to all ionization (e.g., accurate mass, isotope clusters, and derivatization). Chapters 3-9 acknowledge that some ionization methods are appropriate for gas-phase molecules and others for molecules that are in the solid or liquid states. Chapters 3-6 cover gas-phase molecules, dividing the subject into: (1) ionization of gas-phase molecules by particles (e.g., EI), (2) ionization by photons, (3) ionization by ion-molecule and molecule-molecule reactions (e.g., APCI and DART), and ionization in Strong electric fields (i.e., Electrohydrodynamic and Field Ionization/Desorption). "Ionization in a Strong Electric Field" illustrates the transition to ionization of molecules in the solid or liquid states, covered in Chapters 7-9: (1) spray methods for ionization (e.g., electrospray), (2) desorption ionization by particle bombardment (e.g., FAB), and (3) desorption by photons (e.g., MALDI). Electrospray and MALDI also lead to applications in biophysical chemistry, the theme of Chapter 10. Chapter 11 reconsiders ionization from the view of choosing an ionization method. The range of subjects is from ionization of organic and biomolecules to the study of microorganisms. Volume 7: Mass Analyzers The volume is under preparation Volume 8: Hyphenated Methods Starting with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and continuing through GCxGC-MS, LC-MSn, and LC-NMR-MS, hyphenated methods have revolutionized chemical analysis. This volume covers that revolution in two parts. The first (Chapters 1-4) describes principles, instrumentation, and technology, and the second (Chapters 5-10) organizes major application areas in GC-MS and LC-MS. After a general introduction (Chapter 1), attention is paid to principles and instrumentation of GC-MS (Chapter 2) and LC-MS (Chapter 3). Other hyphenated methods, including online combinations of capillary electromigration methods and supercritical fluid chromatography with mass spectrometry, are in Chapter 4. Applications are then covered in the remaining chapters. The application-oriented chapters are focused on the role of mainly LC-MS in the pharmaceutical field (Chapter 5) and biochemical and biotechnological applications (Chapter 10), and the application of both GC-MS and LC-MS in relation to environmental analysis (Chapter 6), food safety and food analysis (Chapter 7), characterization of natural products (Chapter 8), and clinical, toxicological, and forensic analysis (Chapter 9). Volume 9: History of Mass Spectrometry This volume is under preparation. Volume 10: Index * This multi-volume work is the first to provide unparalleled and comprehensive coverage of the full range of topics and techniques * Suitable for new graduate students who are interested but not yet versed in the subject of mass spectrometry * Techniques, methods and applications of mass spectrometry are described in considerable detail; including limitations, current problems, and areas in which the method does not succeed well
Author:
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Languages : en
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By providing both the chemical identity and the spatial organization of each component in biological samples, Imaging Mass Spectrometry (IMS) becomes an emerging tool in clinic and pharmacological study. Most work in IMS has been focused on protein and peptide mapping in biological samples to take advantage of effective analyte ionization in MALDI-MS, and also partially due to the limitation of MALDI-MS in small molecule detection. The focus of my research is to develop novel tools to image spatial distribution of small molecules in biological samples. A surface-based mass spectrometric imaging method, i.e. Desorption/Ionization on Silicon (DIOS), was used for biological surface analysis in the concept-proof investigation. More over, possible proton transferring pathways and impact of local chemical environment have been systematically investigated in the fundamental understanding of ionization mechanism of SALDI-MS. Based on the finding on the SALDI mechanism, a hybrid ionization approach, ME-SALDI has been developed by combing the strength of the conventional MALDI matrix and SALDI, where the improved detection sensitivity with reduced matrix-analyte interference and the improved imaging capability through analysis of mouse brain and heart sections has been demonstrated. In addition, the impact of vacuum stability of matrix in ME-SALDI-IMS applications has been examined. A solvent free, homogenous and reproducible sublimation method has been developed for ionic matrix in ME-SALDI, by which improved vacuum stability and MS detection have been achieved. Furthermore, a new generation of meso-porous oxide substrate was developed as a novel ME-SALDI substrate with a superior storage stability, extended detectable mass range and robust substrate preparation.
Author: Moon-Ju Kim
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 981996878X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 107
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This book presents innovative laser desorption ionization (LDI)-active nanophotonic structures for addressing the challenges that matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is currently facing and for enhancing LDI efficiency. It presents a variety of cutting-edge nanophotonic structures to satisfy the mass-analytical needs of sensitivity, reproducibility, and quantification. As opposed to the commercialized, conventional organic matrix used in MALDI-MS, these nanostructures are validated to be highly effective in detecting small metabolites and drugs, highlighting their considerable potential in the mass spectrometry field. It also systematically elucidates fundamental LDI processes in terms of the photo-thermal, electronic, and structural characteristics of nanophotonic structures, offering mechanistic knowledge of LDI-MS. Even though LDI-MS performance is heavily influenced by a number of nanostructure parameters, relatively little is known about the LDI processes associated with those characteristics. An in-depth understanding of nanostructure characteristics and LDI mechanisms thus paves the way for more effective, rational design and development of nanostructures with improved LDI capabilities. Further, with a focus on multiple cascades in nanostructure functions in response to laser pulse stimuli, this book provides detailed, step-by-step procedures to design and construct a nanophotonic, LDI-active platform, which may serve as a roadmap for graduate students in the field of mass spectrometry. Readers, including graduate students, researchers, and experts working in the related areas of mass spectrometry, nanophotonics, and material science and material engineering, will find a wealth of useful information in this book.
Author: Sangwon Cha
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Rainer Cramer
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319048198
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 287
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This book covers the state-of-the-art of modern MALDI (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization) and its applications. New applications and improvements in the MALDI field such as biotyping, clinical diagnosis, forensic imaging, and ESI-like ion production are covered in detail. Additional topics include MS imaging, biotyping/speciation and large-scale, high-speed MS sample profiling, new methods based on MALDI or MALDI-like sample preparations, and the advantages of ESI to MALDI MS analysis. This is an ideal book for graduate students and researchers in the field of bioanalytical sciences. This book also: • Showcases new techniques and applications in MALDI MS • Demonstrates how MALDI is preferable to ESI (electrospray ionization) • Illustrates the pros and cons associated with biomarker discovery studies in clinical proteomics and the various application areas, such as cancer proteomics
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 186
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Modified Si wafers and nanoparticles (5-50 nm) have been developed and explored to assist laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) for small molecule analysis. DIOS (desorption/ionization on silicon) plates were prepared according to published protocols. DIOS was tested and compared with the optimized silicon nanoparticles derivatized by penterfluorophenylchlorosilane (PFP). SPALDI (Si nanoparticle assisted LDI) requires less laser flux than common MALDI and DIOS thus provides significant less background and higher ionization efficiency. It has higher surface homogeneity, relative salt tolerance and high selectivity which may origin from analyte dependent pre-charging. Surface characterization has been investigated. And different analytes including drugs, peptides, pesticides and acids in both biological and environmental samples have been applied by positive or negative ionization mode. Detection limits, down to the low femtomole per microliter levels have been achieved for propafenone and verapamil. SPALDI is an easily applicable practical tool at a potential low cost.
