Author: Jeff Lukasik
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 386
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Book Description
Carbonate platforms and reefs emerge, grow and die in response to intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms forced primarily by tectonics, oceanography, climate, ecology and eustasy. These mechanisms, or controls, create the physical, biological and chemical signals accountable for the myriad of carbonate depositional responses that, together, form the complex depositional systems present in the modern and ancient settings. If we are to fully comprehend these systems, it is critical to ascertain which controls ultimately govern the "life cycle" of carbonate platforms and reefs and understand how these signals are recorded and preserved. Deciphering which signals produce a dominant sedimentological response from the plethora of physical and biological information generated from superimposed regional to global-scale controls is critical to achieving this goal. With this understanding, it may be possible to extract common time- and space-independent depositional responses to specific mechanisms that may, ultimately, be used in a productive sense. Extensive research on a wide variety of carbonate platform and reefal systems in the past few decades has provided the foundation and understanding necessary to take carbonate research to a new level. With assistance from rapidly advancing computer software and an increasing use of cross-disciplinary integration, carbonate research is shifting from description and morphological analysis towards a science that is more focused on the assessment of process and genetic relationships. The aim of this special publication is to present a cross section of recent research that shows this evolution from a variety of perspectives and scales using examples distributed throughout the Phanerozoic.
Author: Paul D. Crevello
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers
ISBN:
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 428
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Book Description
This volume covers many subjects relative to geology of carbonate platforms and adjoining slopes and basins. A preliminary section based on principles of deposition and computer modeling studies is followed by a group of a dozen papers devoted to examples of carbonate platforms on passive cratonal margins resuting from rifting.The volume also considers halos of carbonate developed as a fringe around the pericratonic Permian basin as well as some examples of isolated offshore platforms.
Author: Steven L. Dorobek
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 328
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Book Description
A strong case can be made that foreland basins are where the casual links between sedimentation and tectonic events were first recognized, as evidenced by the interpretations of geologists working in classic foreland areas. This Special Publication was derived from a Research Symposium entitled "Stratigraphic Sequences in Foreland Basins" held at the AAPG-SEPM joint annual meeting on June, 1992, in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. This volume provides a well-balanced perspective of current research on foreland basin stratigraphy and also serves as another element in the evolving framework that comprises our understanding of foreland basins. Given that so many of earth's resources are found in foreland basins and that foreland basin strata often provide the only preserved record of the tectonic events that led to basin development, the impetus for continued studies of foreland basin strata should remain for many generations of geologists to come.
Author: Maurice E. Tucker
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1444303848
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 368
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Book Description
This volume also discusses the computer modelling of carbonate cycles and sequence analysis. This will prove an invaluable text for senior undergraduate and postgraduate students in the earth sciences in general and will also be of value to the professional researcher. Carbonate platforms contains contributions from an international authorship and the volume has been edited by one of the most respected names in the earth sciences. Areas covered include; early rifting deposition; examples from carbonate sequences of Sardinia (Cambrian) and Tuscany (Triassic-Jurassic), Italy; geometry and evolution of platform-margin bioclastic shoals, late Dinantian (Mississippian), Derbyshire, UK; cyclic sedimentation in cabonate and mixed carbonate/clastic environments; four simulation programs for a desktop computer; middle Triassic carbonate ramp systems in the Catalan Basis, N.E. Spain; facies, cycles, depositional sequencies and controls; stages in the evolution of late Triassic and Jurassic platform carbonates; western margin of the Subalpine basin, Ardech, France. The formation and drowning of isolated carbonate platforms; tectonic and ecologic control of the Northern Apennines; controls on Upper Jurassic carbonate build up development in the Lusitanian Basin, Portugal; Hauterivian to Lower Aptian carbonate shelf sedimentation and sequence stratigraphy in the Jura and northern Subalpine chains (southeastern France and Swiss Jura); basement structural controls on Mesozoic carbonate facies in northeastern Mexico; the Aptian-Albian carbonate episode of the Basque-Cantabrian Basis (Northern Spain); general characteristics, controls and evolution; response of the Arabian carbonate platform margin slope to orogenic closing of an ocean basin, Cretaceous, Oman.
Author: Noel P. James
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9048192897
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 264
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Book Description
This book is the first comprehensive documentation and interpretation of modern neritic carbonate sediments on the southern Australian continental margin, the largest cool-water carbonate depositional system on the globe. The approach is classical but the information is new. A brief chapter of introduction is followed by a section that describes the setting of the continental margin in terms of the regional geology, its evolution through time, the climate, and the complex oceanography. The setting is further explored in chapter 3 that outlines the Pleistocene history of sedimentation in this region. This is particularly important since many of the surficial sediments have a partial older history. The following section on the carbonate factory describes in detail the nature of the animals and plants that determine the nature of the sediments and the environmental conditions that control their distribution. The shelf itself cannot be discussed in isolation and thus a short chapter on the marginal marine environment is presented. The core of the book comprises two chapters that document the suite of depositional facies and their composition and then the suite of depositional environments where these sediments are found. The variety of deposits in this vast area is such that three chapters are devoted to the character of the materials on the southwestern shelf the south Australian sea and the southeastern shelf. The diagenesis that affects these sediments is tackled in a chapter after all the attributes are documented because they are intimately linked to different controls. The book finishes with a summary chapter that also addresses the various controls on sedimentation and models the effects to be expected when these are changed outside those present in the current realm. Audience: The book is an invaluable source of information about this vast region and will be a critical reference for researchers, graduate students, and professionals engaged in marine and environmental research. It will be of particular importance for geologists interpreting the ancient rock record.
Author: Brian Michael Kelley
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Isolated carbonate platforms can provide substantial hydrocarbon reservoirs because they develop significant depositional relief and are commonly buried by relatively impermeable basin-filling sediments. Consequently, there is ongoing interest in the mechanisms that control their morphology and facies distributions. Because the deposition of carbonate sediments is influenced by a complex interaction of environmental conditions that vary both temporally and spatially across depositional systems, the relative importance of controls on platform morphology is difficult to constrain. The key to developing a better understanding is to recognize causal links between changes in oceanographic conditions and variability in resulting geometries. Unfortunately, most studies of exposed carbonate platforms limit the ability to discern influences beyond fluctuations in relative sea level, because they are based on a single cross section of a platform and record deposition during periods of relative stasis in ocean chemistry and biotic evolution. In this study, however, I examined cross-sectional exposures from three geographic sectors of the Late Permian to Late Triassic Great Bank of Guizhou (GBG) in the Nanpanjiang Basin of south China. Deposition on the GBG spanned the tumultuous transition from Paleozoic to Mesozoic oceans, providing a rare opportunity to evaluate the influence of changes in carbonate factory type during a period of significant global change. In addition, I compared multiple exposures of the platform to determine the differential impact of basin-wide controls such as external sediment supply and antecedent topography on the evolution of platform geometries. The integrated analysis of satellite imagery, field mapping, chemostratigraphy, biostratigraphy and petrography shows that chemical and biological controls associated with end-Paleozoic extinction and environmental disturbance led to changes in carbonate factory type that contributed to significant temporal variability in the platform geometry. The GBG initiated with small patch reefs in the latest Permian, was dominated by microbial carbonates in the immediate aftermath of extinction, progressed to a low-relief bank with oolite shoal margins in the earliest Triassic when skeletal organisms were rare, developed a high-relief morphology with steep slopes when transport was limited by rapid cementation, and later established a reef-rimmed margin as environmental conditions allowed for the return of abundant skeletal organisms in benthic environments. In contrast, physical controls, including antecedent topography and external sediment supply, produced significant spatial variability in the GBG. In the northwestern sector, over-steepening led to the development of an erosional escarpment and bypass margin following an initial interval of Early Triassic progradation over a shallow basin floor. In the northeastern sector, a similar pattern was disrupted by Middle Triassic influx of siliciclastic sediments that raised the basin floor, reduced topographic relief, and provided a structural foundation for multiple episodes of progradation and the retention of an accretionary margin. In the southwestern sector, an adjacent deep basin established significant topographic relief, eliminating the structural support for progradation and leading to large-scale sector collapse of the platform margin. This study provides causal links between depositional environments and resulting geometries and shows that changes in carbonate factory type, differences in antecedent topography, and the pattern and timing of external sediment supply have a significant impact on the stratigraphic evolution of isolated carbonate platforms.
Author: J. Hendry
Publisher: Geological Society of London
ISBN: 1786205394
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 293
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Book Description
Modern seismic data have become an essential toolkit for studying carbonate platforms and reservoirs in impressive detail. Whilst driven primarily by oil and gas exploration and development, data sharing and collaboration are delivering fundamental geological knowledge on carbonate systems, revealing platform geomorphologies and how their evolution on millennial time scales, as well as kilometric length scales, was forced by long-term eustatic, oceanographic or tectonic factors. Quantitative interrogation of modern seismic attributes in carbonate reservoirs permits flow units and barriers arising from depositional and diagenetic processes to be imaged and extrapolated between wells. This volume reviews the variety of carbonate platform and reservoir characteristics that can be interpreted from modern seismic data, illustrating the benefits of creative interaction between geophysical and carbonate geological experts at all stages of a seismic campaign. Papers cover carbonate exploration, including the uniquely challenging South Atlantic pre-salt reservoirs, seismic modelling of carbonates, and seismic indicators of fluid flow and diagenesis.
Author: Laurence (Hy) Doyle
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080869564
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 313
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Book Description
Over the years, the field of sedimentology has become subdivided into various specialities. Two of the largest groups are those who study clastic rocks and those who study carbonates. There is little communication between the two: journals appear which are exclusively devoted to one or the other, and research conferences tend to be mutually exclusive. On the other hand, rocks themselves cannot be "pigeon-holed" in this way - the facies change from clastic to carbonate both laterally and through time. This volume stems from the editors' observations of such changes in the Gulf of Mexico and their realization that these geologically important transitions were being largely ignored because of professional compartmentilization.The book opens with a chapter which gives an overview of the whole picture of global patterns of carbonate and clastic sedimentation. It then proceeds to a discussion of sedimentary models of siliciclastic deposits and coral reef relationships. The rest of the book comprises eight case studies on carbonate-clastic transitions, and a final chapter on control of carbonate-clastic sedimentation systems by baroclinic coastal currents.The aim of the book is to emphasize that clastic and carbonate sedimentation are not separate but part of a continuum - a transition which needs to be more thoroughly investigated and better understood. The excellent research papers presented here will undoubtedly help to achieve this goal.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Carbonate rocks
Languages : en
Pages : 399
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Book Description
Author: G. F. Camoin
Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 352
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Book Description
Preface -- Exposure, drowning and sequence boundaries on carbonate platforms -- The origin of the Great Barrier Reef: the impact of Leg 133 drilling -- Development and demise of mid-oceanic carbonate platforms, Wodejebato Guyot (NW Pacific)-- Stable tropics not so stable: climatically driven extinctions of reef-associated molluscan assemblages (Red Sea and western Indian Ocean; last interglaciation to present) -- Sedimentary cycles in carbonate platform facies: Fourier analysis of geophysical logs from ODP Sites 865 and 866 -- Aptian-Albian eustatic sea-levels -- Origin of white sucrosic dolomite within shallow-water limestones, ODP Hole 866A, Resolution Guyot, Mid-Pacific Mountains: strontium isotopic evidence for the role of sea water in dolomitization -- Computer simulation of a Cainozoic carbonate platform, Marion Plateau, north-east Australia -- Quaternary and Tertiary subtropical carbonate platform development on the continental margin of southern Queensland, Australia -- Pleistocene reef complex deposits in the Central Ryukyus, south-western Japan -- Morphology and sediments of the fore-slopes of Mayotte, Comoro Islands: direct observations from a submersible -- Tectonic and monsoonal controls on coral atolls in the South China Sea -- Steady-state interstitial circulations in an idealized atoll reef and tidal transients in a deep borehole by computer simulation -- Environmental and tectonic influence on growth and internal structure of a fringing reef at Tasmaloum (SW Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides island arc, SW Pacific) -- Lagoonal sedimentation and reef development on Heron Reef, southern Great Barrier Reef Province -- Terrigenous sediment accumulation as a regional control on the distribution of reef carbonates -- Comparison between subtropical and temperate carbonate elemental composition: examples from the Great Barrier Reef, Shark Bay, Tasmania (Australia) and the Persian Gulf (United Arab Emirates).
