Author:
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 143798827X
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 215

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Author: Ithipong Assaranurak
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 56

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Book Description
The central question of studies of economic impacts of climate change is adaptation of economic agents. In US agricultural market, it is not known if and how farmers are making decisions to manage risks from climate change with current tools available. How farmers allocate their resources to manage risk under changing risk level of production is not well understood in empirical setting. In this study, I identify the effects of weather shocks on the United States federal crop insurance demand, using crop insurance data, corn production data, weather data, and climate opinion data. The data spans every county in the US from 1990 to 2015. I find that farmers on the eastern side of the 100th meridian line in the US start adapting to climate change by enrolling more corn farmland into crop insurance programs following the period of heat shocks. More specifically, a 1,000-unit of increase in extreme degree days the share of insured land ratio of the next year by 0.02 on average. The results are however observed only in the second period (2003-2015) of the data for the counties in states on the eastern side of the 100th meridian line in the US. One hypothesis that I proposed in this study is that the underlying risk attitude has changed due to changing beliefs about climate distributions. I test the hypothesis of production risk attitude, denoted in this study as proportion of population who believed in global warming to be one explanatory variable with cross-sectional data from the year 2014, regressing it on changes in insured land ratio. I find that the higher share of population who believe in global warming in a county is correlated with higher changes in insured land ratio. This confirms our hypothesis that farmers start adapting to climate change using crop insurance, however, only starting in the second period of the study. The paper contributes to the literature on economic impacts of climate change and crop insurance demand.

Author: Chad G. Marzen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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The federal crop insurance program is well-positioned today to promote resilient agricultural practices that mitigate the future impact of climate change. In light of climate change risk, this Article examines issues relating to climate change and the federal crop insurance program. Part I of this Article examines the present risk of climate change in agriculture and discusses recent steps taken to address climate change in agriculture in general, specifically within the federal crop insurance program. As a condition to federal crop insurance coverage, a farmer-insured must utilize "good farming practices" to obtain coverage for covered causes of loss. Part II examines the role of "good farming practices" determinations and its effects on climate change. This Article addresses three cases decided within the past five years and contends that the increasing number of cases in the federal courts indicate that an amendment to the "good farming practices" standard may have a significant effect in promoting climate change mitigation. This Article concludes by proposing an amendment to the "good farming practices" standard. The proposed standard dictates that if a farmer utilizes "sustainable, resilient and soil-building agricultural practices," then such utilization must be weighed as a substantial factor in support of a "good farming practices" determination by the Risk Management Agency.

Author: Nicolas Ahouissoussi
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464801487
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 139

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The impacts of climate change on agricultural systems and rural economies are already evident throughout Europe and Central Asia. This study, Reducing the Vulnerability of Georgia’s Agricultural Systems to Climate Change, provides a menu of options for climate change adaptation in the agricultural and water resources sectors in Georgia.

Author: William R. Sutton
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821397680
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 202

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Book Description
Agriculture is one of the most climate-sensitive of all economic sectors. In many countries, such as the four examined in Looking Beyond the Horizon, the risks of climate change are an immediate and fundamental problem because the majority of the rural population depends either directly or indirectly on agriculture for its livelihood. The risks of climate change to agriculture cannot be eff ectively dealt with--and the opportunities cannot be eff ectively exploited--without a clear plan for aligning agricultural policies with climate change, developing the capabilities of key agricultural institutions, and investing in infrastructure, support services, and on-farm improvements. Developing such a plan ideally involves a combination of high-quality quantitative analysis; consultation with key stakeholders, particularly farmers and local agricultural experts; and investments in both human and physical capital. The diverse experiences of Albania, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, and Uzbekistan, highlighted in this book, show that it is possible to develop a plan to meet these objectives--one that is comprehensive and empirically driven as well as consultative and quick to develop. The approach of this volume is predicated on strong country ownership and participation, and is defi ned by its emphasis on "win-win" or "no regrets" solutions to the multiple challenges posed by climate change for the farmers of Eastern Europe and Central Asia. The solutions are measures that increase resilience to future climate change, boost current productivity despite the greater climate variability already occurring, and limit greenhouse gas emissions--also known as "climate-smart agriculture." Looking Beyond the Horizon draws on the experiences of applying this approach to these four nations in Eastern Europe and Central Asia with the goal of helping each country mainstream climate change adaptation into its agricultural policies, programs, and investments. The book also highlights the projected impacts of climate change on agriculture in these countries through forecast variations in temperature and rainfall patterns, which are crucial to farming, and off ers a map for navigating the risks and realizing the opportunities. Finally, a detailed e xplanation of the approach, as well as lessons learned from its implementation, is provided for those who would like to implement similar programs in other countries of Europe, Central Asia, or anywhere else in the world.

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309391458
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 73

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The social cost of carbon (SCC) for a given year is an estimate, in dollars, of the present discounted value of the damage caused by a 1-metric ton increase in CO2 emissions into the atmosphere in that year; or equivalently, the benefits of reducing CO2 emissions by the same amount in that given year. The SCC is intended to provide a comprehensive measure of the monetized value of the net damages from global climate change from an additional unit of CO2, including, but not limited to, changes in net agricultural productivity, energy use, human health effects, and property damages from increased flood risk. Federal agencies use the SCC to value the CO2 emissions impacts of various policies including emission and fuel economy standards for vehicles, regulations of industrial air pollutants from industrial manufacturing, emission standards for power plants and solid waste incineration, and appliance energy efficiency standards. There are significant challenges to estimating a dollar value that reflects all the physical, human, ecological, and economic impacts of climate change. Recognizing that the models and scientific data underlying the SCC estimates evolve and improve over time, the federal government made a commitment to provide regular updates to the estimates. To assist with future revisions of the SCC, the Interagency Working Group on the Social Cost of Carbon (IWG) requested the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine complete a study that assessed the merits and challenges of a limited near-term update to the SCC and of a comprehensive update of the SCC to ensure that the estimates reflect the best available science. This interim report focuses on near-term updates to the SCC estimates.

Author: William R. Sutton
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464800456
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 152

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This World Bank study brings together the forecast climate change impacts, costs vs. benefits of adaptation measures, and recommendations from the work conducted in Moldova.

Author: PETER H.. ROSENBERG LEHNER (NATHAN A.)
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781585762378
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 272

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Book Description
Farming for Our Future examines the policies and legal reforms necessary to accelerate the adoption of practices that can make agriculture in the United States climate-neutral or better. These proven practices will also make our food system more resilient to the impacts of climate change. Agriculture's contribution to climate change is substantial--much more so than official figures suggest--and we will not be able to achieve our overall mitigation goals unless agricultural emissions sharply decline. Fortunately, farms and ranches can be a major part of the climate solution, while protecting biodiversity, strengthening rural communities, and improving the lives of the workers who cultivate our crops and rear our animals. The importance of agricultural climate solutions can not be underestimated; it is a critical element both in ensuring our food security and limiting climate change. This book provides essential solutions to address the greatest crises of our time.

Author: Olivier Mahul
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821382195
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 250

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Book Description
Governments in developing countries have been increasingly involved in the support of agricultural (crop and livestock) insurance programs in recent years. In their attempts to design and implement agricultural insurance, they have sought technical and financial assistance from the international community and particularly from the World Bank. One of the recurrent requests from governments regards international experience with agricultural insurance, not only in developed countries, where in some cases agricultural insurance has been offered for more than a century, but also in middleand low-income countries. Governments are particularly interested in the technical, operational, financial, and institutional aspects of public support to agricultural insurance. 'Government Support to Agricultural Insurance' informs public and private decision makers involved in agricultural insurance about recent developments, with a particular focus on middle- and low-income countries. It presents an updated picture of the spectrum of institutional frameworks and experiences with agricultural insurance, ranging from countries in which the public sector provides no support to those in which governments heavily subsidize agricultural insurance. This analysis is based on a survey conducted by the World Bank s agricultural insurance team in 2008 in 65 developed and developing countries. Drawing on the survey results, the book identifies some key roles governments can play to support the development of sustainable, affordable, and cost-effective agricultural insurance programs.

Author: Cecchi, Francesco
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN:
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 9

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Book Description
Too often, smallholder farmers suffer severe financial consequences from extreme weather events, pests, and disease; and climate change will increase the frequency at which natural hazards occur. This poses a threat to livelihoods not only ex post, by reducing agricultural output and inducing farmers to sell their assets, keep children out of school or borrow at high rates; but also ex ante, by discouraging farmers from investing in high-return practices and technologies (Elbers et al., 2007). Innovative solutions are needed to help marginalized farmers prepare for these natural hazards. One solution, building upon decades of agricultural research for development, can be found in the breeding of crop varieties that are more tolerant to weather shocks, pests and disease. The resulting improvements in seed technology offer promising pathways to improve farmers’ adaptive capacity, crowd in investments in agriculture, and thereby enhance agricultural productivity (Emerick et al., 2016). At the same time, stress tolerance is not a bullet-proof solution against all hazards. Farming is risky by nature, and improved stress-tolerant varieties will not shield farmers from more severe hazards, or from risks for which stress tolerance was not an explicit breeding objective. Drought-tolerant varieties are, for instance, not necessarily disease tolerant as well. Improving resilience in the face of climate change will require a more complete solution, in which farmers invest in stress-tolerant varieties to reduce their exposure to moderate, manageable risks, whilst accessing other types of solutions, including financial services, to protect their livelihoods from more severe and catastrophic production risks. This project note describes the findings from a research program in Kenya that aims to design, implement, and evaluate more complete risk management solutions; in particular, a solution that promotes stress-tolerant crops and varieties using an innovative picture-based crop insurance (PBI) product. The note first describes this intervention and the study designed to measure its impacts, followed by an overview of key findings at midline. This will include insights on the scalability of picture-based claims settlement, opportunities for more gender-responsive program design, and demand for the insurance product. We conclude by describing key challenges faced whilst implementing these solutions and providing an outlook for the future.