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Author: Great Britain. Central Unit on Environmental Pollution
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 90
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Book Description
Author: Great Britain. Central Unit on Environmental Pollution
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 90
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Book Description
Author: John H. Cumberland
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317333985
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 538
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Book Description
Chlorofluorocarbons are known to be effective spray can propellants, solvents and refrigerators and were often used in deodorants, refrigerators and other goods. However, it was not known at the beginning of their use, the complex reaction that CFCs have on the earth’s climate. Originally published in 1982, this report explores early research into the effect that CFCs have on the environment and provides guidance on how this emerging issue should be dealt with. This title will be of interest to students of Environmental Studies.
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Toxic Substances and Environmental Oversight
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmospheric ozone
Languages : en
Pages : 376
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Book Description
Author: Seth Cagin
Publisher: Pantheon
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 464
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Book Description
By the 1950s CFCs had found further applications: as propellants in aerosol spray cans, in the manufacture of Styrofoam, and as vital industrial solvents. Then, in 1974, after millions of tons of CFCs had been released into the Earth's atmosphere, two scientists at the University of California demonstrated that these same "safe" wonder substances had altered the fundamental chemistry of the atmosphere and had begun to erode the ozone layer - the protective shield of all life on earth. The battle to restrict CFCs was fought in laboratories, at international conferences, and in the halls of Congress, pitting environmentalists intent on remedying what had become a global crisis against industrialists and government officials opposed to regulation. Finally, in 1987, fifty-seven nations signed the first global environmental treaty - the Montreal Protocol, which regulated the further production of CFCs and ushered in a new era of international cooperation on the environment.
Author: Shagoon Tabin
Publisher: APH Publishing
ISBN: 9788131303962
Category : Global warming
Languages : en
Pages : 204
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Book Description
Author: James G. Titus
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmosphere
Languages : en
Pages : 398
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Book Description
Author: Edward A. Parson
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0198035438
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 396
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Book Description
This book is the first comprehensive history of international efforts to protect the ozone layer, the greatest success yet achieved in managing human impacts on the global environment. Its arguments about how this success was achieved are both theoretically novel and of great significance for the management of other global problems, particularly global climate change. The book provides an account of the ozone-depletion issues from the first attempts to develop international action in the 1970s to the mature functioning of the present international regime. It examines the parallel developments of politics and negotiations, scientific understanding and controversy, technological progress, and industry strategy that shaped the issue's development and its effective management. In addition, the book offers important new insights into how the interactions among these domains influenced the formation and adaptation of the ozone regime. Addressing the initial formation of the regime, the book argues that authoritative scientific assessments were crucial in constraining policy debates and shaping negotiated agreements. Assessments gave scientific claims an ability to change policy actors' behavior that the claims themselves, however well known and verified, lacked. Concerning subsequent adaptation of the regime, the book identifies a series of feedbacks between the periodic revision of chemical controls and the strategic responses of affected industries, which drove rapid application of new approaches to reduce ozone-depleting chemicals. These feedbacks, promoted by the regime's novel technology assessment process, allowed worldwide use of the chemicals to decline further and faster than even the boldest predictions, by nearly 95 percent within ten years.
Author: Larry Parker
Publisher: Nova Publishers
ISBN: 9781590337929
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 94
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Book Description
For two decades, scientists have been warning that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons (bromine-containing fluorocarbons) may deplete the stratospheric ozone shield that screens out some of the Sun's harmful ultraviolet rays and thus regulates the amounts which reach the Earth's surface. CFCs have been used as refrigerants, solvents, foam blowing agents, and outside the United States, as aerosol propellants; Halons are used primarily as fire-fighting agents. Increased radiation could result in an increase in skin cancers, suppression of the human immune system, and decreased productivity of terrestrial and aquatic organisms, including some commercially important crops. This book deals with implementation, policy issues and phase out of methyl bromide. In September 1987, 47 countries (including the United States) agreed to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, which first required controls on the world's consumption of ozone depleting substances. Over 160 countries have signed on to the Protocol, whose phasedown schedule for developed countries was accelerated twice and completely phased out Halon production at the end of 1994 and CFC production at the end of 1995. The Protocol's coverage has also been extended to include hydrochlorofluorocarbons and other chlorine- and bromine-containing substances such as some solvents and methyl bromide, a widely used soil fumigant.
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Environmental Protection
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmospheric ozone
Languages : en
Pages : 696
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Book Description
Author: Assembly of Mathematical and Physical Sciences (U.S.). Committee on Impacts of Stratospheric Change
Publisher: National Academies
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 422
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Book Description
