Canopy and Cropping Influence on Vine Growth, Physiology, and Cluster Disease Incidence of Seyval and Vignoles Grapevines PDF Download
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Author: Russell Paul Smithyman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Grapes
Languages : en
Pages : 368
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Author: Russell Paul Smithyman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Grapes
Languages : en
Pages : 368
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Author: Maria Teresa Franco de Barros
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Grapes
Languages : en
Pages : 516
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Author: Craig Nathan Austin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Sunlight inhibits powdery mildew development through at least two mechanisms, i.e., UV radiation's damaging effects on the exposed conidia and thalli of the pathogen and through elevating the temperature of irradiated tissues to a level supraoptimal or inhibitory for pathogen development. Furthermore, these effects are synergistic at temperatures near the upper threshold for disease development. Improved understanding of the role UV-B exposure, surface temperature, and their interaction have on powdery mildew development may assist in better management of this disease through chemical and cultural means. Variability of sunlight distribution within vineyards was quantified via the enhanced point quadrat analysis technique (EPQA). Using EPQA the number of canopy shading layers and the fruitzone photon flux within individual vines were shown to have a significant correlation with fruit disease severity for those vines, i.e., less disease developed on clusters with more exposure to sunlight. Additionally, through use of a fluorescent tracer and EPQA assessments, deposition of spray materials upon clusters was shown to be linearly related to their degree of exposure. Thus, canopy management practices designed to optimize sunlight exposure of grape clusters for fruit quality purposes should significantly assist in the management of powdery mildew as well. These results underscore the fact that viticultural practices targeted primarily at general vine growth and crop quantity/quality issues such as; vine vigor management, pruning level, training system, basal leaf removal, and irrigation regime, can also significantly affect the development of powdery mildew.
Author: Charles Edward Edson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Grapes
Languages : en
Pages : 372
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Author: David Philip Miller
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Grapes
Languages : en
Pages : 284
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Author: Hernâni Gerós
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118736052
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 400
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Book Description
Grapes (Vitis spp.) are economically the most important fruit species in the world. Over the last decades many scientific advances have led to understand more deeply key physiological, biochemical, and molecular aspects of grape berry maturation. However, our knowledge on how grapevines respond to environmental stimuli and deal with biotic and abiotic stresses is still fragmented. Thus, this area of research is wide open for new scientific and technological advancements. Particularly, in the context of climate change, viticulture will have to adapt to higher temperatures, light intensity and atmospheric CO2 concentration, while water availability is expected to decrease in many viticultural regions, which poses new challenges to scientists and producers. With Grapevine in a Changing Environment, readers will benefit from a comprehensive and updated coverage on the intricate grapevine defense mechanisms against biotic and abiotic stress and on the new generation techniques that may be ultimately used to implement appropriate strategies aimed at the production and selection of more adapted genotypes. The book also provides valuable references in this research area and original data from several laboratories worldwide. Written by 63 international experts on grapevine ecophysiology, biochemistry and molecular biology, the book is a reference for a wide audience with different backgrounds, from plant physiologists, biochemists and graduate and post-graduate students, to viticulturists and enologists.
Author: Michael G. Mullins
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521305075
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 256
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Book Description
Information on the evolution, taxonomy, morphology, anatomy, physiology and genetics of grapevines has been scarce and thinly spread in the literature on horticulture and the plant sciences. This book aims to provide a concise but comprehensive overview of the biology and cultivation of the grapevine, accessible to all concerned with viticulture. After a description of the essential features of viticulture, including a concise history from antiquity to modern times, the taxonomy of the grapevine and the evolutionary processes which gave rise to the diversity within the Vitaceae is considered. Particular attention is paid to the genera Vitis and Muscadinia, which are considered a reserve of genetic variation for the improvement of grapevines. A description of the vegetative and reproductive anatomy of the grapevine precedes a full discussion of the developmental and environmental physiology of these fascinating and economically important plants. The concluding chapter considers the potential for genetic improvement of grapevines and includes coverage of the problems encountered, and the methods and strategies employed in breeding for scions and rootstocks.
Author: Andrew Gordon Reynolds
Publisher: Ann Arbor, Mich. : University Microfilms International
ISBN:
Category : Grapes
Languages : en
Pages : 524
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Author: Alejandra Navarrete
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Grapes
Languages : en
Pages : 100
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Vertically shoot positioned (VSP) training systems are common in Oregon's Willamette Valley, where deep fertile soils and high regional precipitation task growers with curbing vegetative vigor within this system. Management strategies, such as canopy hedging and cluster-zone leaf removal, are used to improve microclimate within the canopy and around the fruit. These cultural practices employed in commercial vineyards make it difficult to quantify canopy architecture and vine growth using currently established methods. Given the importance of vine leaf surface area to productivity of the vine, a study was conducted to determine how to best quantify leaf area in the highly managed VSP canopies. A regression model was developed from various linear leaf measures compared to leaf area measures on primary and lateral leaves of Pinot noir vines in the north Willamette Valley of Oregon. Maximum leaf length, maximum leaf width, mid-vein length and the distance between the central and interior lateral lobe tips were positively associated with total leaf area. Leaf width at the petiole junction was not a suitable measure. A second study was conducted to evaluate methods for quantifying vine leaf area and leaf distribution in moderate and high vigor VSP canopies, where dense foliage and interlacing shoots and tendrils can make vine measurements difficult. Traditional point quadrat analysis, digital photography, and a template leaf area method were compared to leaf areas determined by destructive sampling. Results show that point quadrat analysis severely overestimated the number of shaded canopy leaves in dense VSP systems. Results from the digital photography pixel recognition program correlated green pixels with leaf exposure but was not in good agreement with exterior canopy leaf area. The template leaf area method results confirm that it can accurately estimate total vine leaf area. The third study was developed to integrate these canopy quantification techniques with understanding how the leaf area: yield relationship affects fruit composition at harvest in cool climate Pinot noir grapes. A range of leaf area to yield ratios was created by cluster thinning vines to two crop levels. The study was replicated across four commercial vineyards with varying levels of moderate and high vigor. Results indicate that crop thinning had no impact on canopy leaf area, and there was limited impact of yield on fruit composition over two seasons. The studies included herein aimed to develop and evaluate methods for estimating leaf area within VSP-trained canopies in the Willamette Valley. Results of this work will provide improved methods by which viticulture researchers and whole-plant physiologists can employ to determine leaf area as a measure of vine productivity, and better understanding of source-sink relationships in managed canopies.
Author: Steven David Savage
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Grapes
Languages : en
Pages : 162
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