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Author: Amminatul Farhayu Abdul Talib
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biodiesel fuels
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Book Description
In this study, the effects of temperature and catalyst weight percent to the biodiesel yield, FFA content and acid value were studied. The biodiesel is produced by two-steps catalyzed process. The essential part of the process is the transesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO) with methanol in present of catalyst, to yield methyl ester as the main product and glycerin as the by-product. In the acid treatment or the acid- catalyzed esterification, the temperature is set at 95°C, acid catalyst of 2%w/wH2SO and methanol to waste cooking oil of 10:1. For the alkali-catalyzed transesterification, the range of temperature is 40°C-80°C, the alkali c atalyst weight percent is varied from 0.2 to 1.0%wNaOH/wWCO. The ultrasonic wave and ratio of methanol to waste cooking was fixed at 32MHz and 6:1 respectively. The biodiesel product is then analyzed by titration to check the FFA content and the acid value. The best temperature and alkali catalyst weight percent was found at 70° C and 1.0%wNaOH/wWCO correspondingly. The total reduction of FFA content after acid treatment was 36.92%. The two steps catalyzed process is preferable for raw material that has high content of FFA such as waste cooking oil. -Author.
Author: Amminatul Farhayu Abdul Talib
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biodiesel fuels
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Book Description
In this study, the effects of temperature and catalyst weight percent to the biodiesel yield, FFA content and acid value were studied. The biodiesel is produced by two-steps catalyzed process. The essential part of the process is the transesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO) with methanol in present of catalyst, to yield methyl ester as the main product and glycerin as the by-product. In the acid treatment or the acid- catalyzed esterification, the temperature is set at 95°C, acid catalyst of 2%w/wH2SO and methanol to waste cooking oil of 10:1. For the alkali-catalyzed transesterification, the range of temperature is 40°C-80°C, the alkali c atalyst weight percent is varied from 0.2 to 1.0%wNaOH/wWCO. The ultrasonic wave and ratio of methanol to waste cooking was fixed at 32MHz and 6:1 respectively. The biodiesel product is then analyzed by titration to check the FFA content and the acid value. The best temperature and alkali catalyst weight percent was found at 70° C and 1.0%wNaOH/wWCO correspondingly. The total reduction of FFA content after acid treatment was 36.92%. The two steps catalyzed process is preferable for raw material that has high content of FFA such as waste cooking oil. -Author.
Author: Guganeswaran Sinnathamby
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biodiesel fuels
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Book Description
Biodiesel, an alternative renewable fuel made from transesterification of vegetable oil with alcohol, is becoming more readily available for use in blends with conventional diesel fuel for transportation applications. One way of reducing the biodiesel production costs is to use the less expensive feedstock containing fatty acids such as inedible oils, animal fats, waste food oil and by products of the refining vegetables oils. The fact that Jatropha oil cannot be used for nutritional purposes without detoxification makes its use as energy or fuel source very attractive. The effect of main factor which are, temperature, particle size of the meal and reaction time were investigated to optimize the extraction operating conditions for achieving maximum oil yield. The lipid fraction of Jatropha curcas oil seed were extracted and to study the analyzed for their chemical and physical properties such as acid value, percentage free fatty acids (% FFA), iodine value, peroxide value and saponification value as well as viscosity, and density. The fatty acid composition of the extracted lipid was revealed using the (GCMS) method. Biodiesel production process is the transesterification of the used two-steps catalyzed process with jatropha oil and methanol, in the presence of alkali catalyst, to yield the ethyl ester as a product and glycerine as a by-product. In the acid treatment or the acidcatalyzed esterification, the temperature is set at 40°C, acid catalyst of 2%w/wH2SO4. These studies have been performed based on 3 effect, temperature, catalyst concentration and time. As a result, the best condition that has been determined for maximum biodiesel production were 1.5% catalyst concentration of potassium hydroxides based on weight of jatropha curcas oil that were used methanol to jatropha curcas oil of 6:1 and, process were done at temperature 600C and the time is about 60 minutes. Biodiesel yield and moisture content in biodiesel production from jatropha curcas oil were measured. Oil yield content of jatropha kernel was found about 50-60% for different extraction time. Both oleic acid (45.24%) and linoleic acid (31.58%) were detected as the dominant fatty acids while palmitic acid and stearic acid were the saturated fatty acids found in the Jatropha curcas oil. These processes which using ultrasonic reactor is easy and faster than other biodiesel production process because cavities caused by the ultrasound at the catalyst surface increase the catalyst activity and reduce the activation over potential loss.
Author: Gerhard Knothe
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0983507260
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 516
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Book Description
The second edition of this invaluable handbook covers converting vegetable oils, animal fats, and used oils into biodiesel fuel. The Biodiesel Handbook delivers solutions to issues associated with biodiesel feedstocks, production issues, quality control, viscosity, stability, applications, emissions, and other environmental impacts, as well as the status of the biodiesel industry worldwide. - Incorporates the major research and other developments in the world of biodiesel in a comprehensive and practical format - Includes reference materials and tables on biodiesel standards, unit conversions, and technical details in four appendices - Presents details on other uses of biodiesel and other alternative diesel fuels from oils and fats
Author: Tanarkorn Sukjit
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 270
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Book Description
Author: Adrian Bonilla-Petriciolet
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119580277
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 381
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Book Description
A comprehensive overview of current developments and applications in biofuels production Process Systems Engineering for Biofuels Development brings together the latest and most cutting-edge research on the production of biofuels. As the first book specifically devoted to process systems engineering for the production of biofuels, Process Systems Engineering for Biofuels Development covers theoretical, computational and experimental issues in biofuels process engineering. Written for researchers and postgraduate students working on biomass conversion and sustainable process design, as well as industrial practitioners and engineers involved in process design, modeling and optimization, this book is an indispensable guide to the newest developments in areas including: Enzyme-catalyzed biodiesel production Process analysis of biodiesel production (including kinetic modeling, simulation and optimization) The use of ultrasonification in biodiesel production Thermochemical processes for biomass transformation to biofuels Production of alternative biofuels In addition to the comprehensive overview of the subject of biofuels found in the Introduction of the book, the authors of various chapters have provided extensive discussions of the production and separation of biofuels via novel applications and techniques.
Author: Krzysztof Biernat
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1789233461
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 302
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Book Description
This book offers the current state of knowledge in the field of biofuels, presented by selected research centers from around the world. Biogas from waste production process and areas of application of biomethane were characterized. Also, possibilities of applications of wastes from fruit bunch of oil palm tree and high biomass/bagasse from sorghum and Bermuda grass for second-generation bioethanol were presented. Processes and mechanisms of biodiesel production, including the review of catalytic transesterification process, and careful analysis of kinetics, including bioreactor system for algae breeding, were widely analyzed. Problem of emissivity of NOx from engines fueled by B20 fuel was characterized. The closing chapters deal with the assessment of the potential of biofuels in Turkey, the components of refinery systems for production of biodegradable plastics from biomass. Also, a chapter concerning the environmental conditions of synthesis gas production as a universal raw material for the production of alternative fuels was also added.
Author: Ashok Pandey
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123850991
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 642
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Book Description
"Biofuels" provides state-of-the-art information on the status of biofuel production and related aspects. It includes a detailed overview of the alternative energy field and the role of biofuels as new energy sources, and gives a detailed account of the production of biodiesel from non-conventional bio-feedstocks such as algae and vegetable oils.
Author: Avinash P. Ingle
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119730007
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 371
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Book Description
Reviews recent advances in catalytic biodiesel synthesis, highlighting various nanocatalysts and nano(bio)catalysts developed for effective biodiesel production Nano- and Biocatalysts for Biodiesel Production delivers an essential reference for academic and industrial researchers in biomass valorization and biofuel industries. The book covers both nanocatalysts and biocatalysts, bridging the gap between homogenous and heterogenous catalysis. Readers will learn about the techno-economical and environmental aspects of biodiesel production using different feedstocks and catalysts. They will also discover how nano(bio)catalysts can be used as effective alternatives to conventional catalysts in biodiesel production due to their unique properties, including reusability, high activation energy and rate of reaction, easy recovery, and recyclability. Readers will benefit from the inclusion of: Introductions to CaO nanocatalysts, zeolite nanocatalysts, titanium dioxide-based nanocatalysts and zinc-based in biodiesel production An exploration of carbon-based heterogeneous nanocatalysts for the production of biodiesel Practical discussions of bio-based nano catalysts for biodiesel production and the application of nanoporous materials as heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production An analysis of the techno-economical considerations of biodiesel production using different feedstocks Nano- and Biocatalysts for Biodiesel Production focuses on recent advances in the field and offers a complete and informative guide for academic researchers and industrial scientists working in the fields of biofuels and bioenergy, catalysis, biotechnology, bioengineering, nanotechnology, and materials science.
Author: Mebrahtu Haile
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3656662118
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 102
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Book Description
Master's Thesis from the year 2014 in the subject Energy Sciences, , course: Biofuels, language: English, abstract: In this study, the utilization of waste coffee residue for biodiesel production, its solid byproduct after oil extraction for bioethanol production, as well as the second byproduct after bioethanol production for solid fuel and compost production was investigated. For the study, waste coffee residue sample was collected from TOMOCA PLC, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The oil was then extracted using n-hexane and resulted in oil yield of 19.73 %w/w. The biodiesel was obtained by a two-step process, i.e. acid catalyzed esterification followed by base catalyzed transesterification using catalysts sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide respectively. The conversion, after esterification of waste coffee residue oil in to biodiesel, was about 80.4%. Various parameters that are essential for biodiesel quality were evaluated using the American Standard for Testing Material (ASTM D 6751- 09). The results obtained for kinematic viscosity (5.3 mm2/s), carbon residue (0.033%), flash point (222°C), ash content (0.0123%), water and sediment (
Author: Aminul Islam
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319452738
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 142
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Book Description
This book provides a single-source reference to green technologies in advanced biofuel technology. The main focus is on the description of the state of the art in catalytic processes for the "green" production of biofuels. The authors describe two different, practical approaches for catalysts, which allow for effective and easy separation of the catalyst by simple filtration, and enable reuse for several cycles. Readers will gain understanding as to the mechanisms involved in the synthesis and structure formation of the catalyst, in order to maximize yield of biodiesel production. The authors also address the question of how catalytic material should be distributed inside a porous support to obtain optimal performance. The effects of physicochemical and operating parameters are analyzed to gain insight into the underlying phenomena governing the performance of optimally designed catalysts.“br>
