Autotoxic Effects of Alfalfa and Alfalfa Extracts PDF Download
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Author: Charlie Rife
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alfalfa
Languages : en
Pages : 140
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Book Description
Author: Charlie Rife
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alfalfa
Languages : en
Pages : 140
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Book Description
Author: Hwei-Yiing Li
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alfalfa
Languages : en
Pages : 86
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Author: Robert Lee Dunn
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alfalfa
Languages : en
Pages : 166
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Author: John Alan Jennings
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alfalfa
Languages : en
Pages : 356
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Book Description
Autotoxicity of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a form of allelopathy in which established alfalfa plants produce a chemical(s) that inhibits establishment and yield of new alfalfa reseeded too soon following alfalfa. Effects of rotation intervals, soil texture, and the zone of influence of old alfalfa plants were evaluated to develop appropriate management strategies for reseeding old alfalfa stands. Experiments were conducted at three locations for rotation interval and zone of influence studies. For the rotation interval experiment, old alfalfa was killed with herbicides at different time intervals before a common spring planting date. Plant density of alfalfa at intervals of 12-mo, 6-mo, 0.75-mo, and 0.5-mo after killing old alfalfa with herbicides was 5.9, 2.2, 13.3, and 19.2% lower, respectively, than that for the control rotation interval of 18 mo. Dry matter yield was 0.5, 6.5, 2.9, and 7.8% lower, respectively, than the 18-mo control. Relative rankings of rotation intervals for both plant density and dry matter yield were consistent for 3 yrs after seeding. Granular chlorpyrifos insecticide treatment at planting did not significantly affect plant density or yield, but seed treatment with metalaxyl fungicide improved plant density by 5% over all five rotation intervals. Establishment and yield of new alfalfa within a 20-cm radius of an old alfalfa plant were reduced by 26% and 56%, respectively, compared to the control distance of 80-100 cm from an old plant, but yield of alfalfa seedlings between 40 and 80 cm away from the old plants was increased by 12% to 15% compared with the control. Autotoxic chemical(s) in water extracts from alfalfa herbage required 50% more water to move through 10-cm soil columns of Carlow silty clay loam than through Sarpy fine sandy loam. Results suggest that a 12-mo rotation interval is adequate for reseeding alfalfa with minimal autotoxicity; establishment and yield of new alfalfa would be inhibited at old plant densities as low as 8 plants m$\sp{-2}$ due to the autotoxic zone of influence; and alfalfa may be reseeded after shorter rotation intervals on sandy soils than on heavy textured soils due to differential leaching of the autotoxic chemical(s) by rainfall or irrigation.
Author: Marvin Henry Hall
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alfalfa
Languages : en
Pages : 222
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Author: Jenny-Lee Thomassin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alfalfa
Languages : en
Pages : 56
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Author: Mohammad Abdulaziz S. Abdulsalam
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alfalfa
Languages : en
Pages : 212
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Book Description
Author: Zahid A. Cheema
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642305954
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 513
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Book Description
Allelopathy is an ecological phenomenon by which plants release organic chemicals (allelochemicals) into the environment influencing the growth and survival of other organisms. In this book, leading scientists in the field synthesize latest developments in allelopathy research with a special emphasis on its application in sustainable agriculture. The following topics are highlighted: Ecological implications, such as the role of allelopathy during the invasion of alien plant species; regional experiences with the application of allelopathy in agricultural systems and pest management; the use of microscopy for modeling allelopathy; allelopathy and abiotic stress tolerance; host allelopathy and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; allelopathic interaction with plant nutrition; and the molecular mechanisms of allelopathy. This book is an invaluable source of information for scientists, teachers and advanced students in the fields of plant physiology, agriculture, ecology, environmental sciences, and molecular biology.
Author: Curtis Lee Jones
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alfalfa
Languages : en
Pages : 70
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Book Description
Author: Ramesh Satyanarayan Hegde
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 164
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Book Description
Greenhouse experiments on allelopathy and autotoxicity of 'WL-316' alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) indicated that plant height and fresh weight of alfalfa, and fresh weight of 'DK-38' sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) were lower on soil previously cropped to alfalfa, 'alfalfa-soil', than on that previously cropped to sorghum. Allelopathic and/or autotoxic compounds in alfalfa-soil were implicated in the growth inhibition of the two crops. Incorporation of fresh alfalfa residue--roots only or roots and shoots both--reduced alfalfa emergence, plant height and dry weight. Primary effect of water-soluble inhibitory compounds from alfalfa shoot appeared to be on germination and radicle elongation, the latter being more sensitive than the former. Alfalfa allelopathy is a more severe problem than autotoxicity. Bioassay of the alfalfa shoot aqueous extract at 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 g.L$sp{-1}$ (on a fresh weight basis) under laboratory conditions showed that alfalfa germination, radicle elongation, and shoot elongation were inhibited by the extract in a concentration dependent manner. Shoot extract from reproductive stage was more inhibitory than from vegetative stage. Under greenhouse conditions, alfalfa seedling emergence was adversely affected following incorporation of fresh alfalfa herbage from the vegetative stage at 97 and 146 shoots.m$sp{-2}$ into soil. Among the several phenolic compounds assayed, coumarin and trans-cinnamic acid were highly inhibitory to alfalfa root growth and shoot growth. The mixtures of phenolics were generally more phytotoxic than their respective individual components except in the case of coumarin and trans-cinnamic acid. Scanning electron microscopy techniques, used to study the root morphology and anatomy of the shoot-aqueous-extract-inhibited alfalfa roots showed a 46% reduction in density and 54% reduction in length of root hairs compared to the control. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) of the acid-hydrolysed, ethyl-ether-extracted alfalfa shoot aqueous extract followed by the gas-liquid chromatography of the TLC fractions indicated that some of the compounds present in the sample had characteristics of chalcones and flavones. Medicarpin was not found in the extract.
