Approaches, Models and Issues in Computational Scientific Discovery PDF Download
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Author: Peter Cheng
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Peter Cheng
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Jeff Shrager
Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann
ISBN:
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 520
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Book Description
This collection reports on recent advances in the study of scientific discovery and theory formation based on the computational techniques of artificial intelligence and cognitive science.
Author: Mark Addis
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030237699
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 192
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Book Description
This volume offers selected papers exploring issues arising from scientific discovery in the social sciences. It features a range of disciplines including behavioural sciences, computer science, finance, and statistics with an emphasis on philosophy. The first of the three parts examines methods of social scientific discovery. Chapters investigate the nature of causal analysis, philosophical issues around scale development in behavioural science research, imagination in social scientific practice, and relationships between paradigms of inquiry and scientific fraud. The next part considers the practice of social science discovery. Chapters discuss the lack of genuine scientific discovery in finance where hypotheses concern the cheapness of securities, the logic of scientific discovery in macroeconomics, and the nature of that what discovery with the Solidarity movement as a case study. The final part covers formalising theories in social science. Chapters analyse the abstract model theory of institutions as a way of representing the structure of scientific theories, the semi-automatic generation of cognitive science theories, and computational process models in the social sciences. The volume offers a unique perspective on scientific discovery in the social sciences. It will engage scholars and students with a multidisciplinary interest in the philosophy of science and social science.
Author: Saso Dzeroski
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 354073919X
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 333
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Book Description
This survey provides an introduction to computational approaches to the discovery of communicable scientific knowledge and details recent advances. It is partly inspired by the contributions of the International Symposium on Computational Discovery of Communicable Knowledge, held in Stanford, CA, USA in March 2001, a number of additional invited contributions provide coverage of recent research in computational discovery.
Author: Adam Arvay
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Computational intelligence
Languages : en
Pages : 115
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Book Description
The work discussed in this thesis aims to improve the ability of humankind to understand complex systems by automating the model building process. These techniques fall within the discipline of computational scientific discovery, which has its roots in the early development of artificial intelligence. The approaches developed in this thesis differ from most existing automated model building techniques because they place an emphasis on discovering and expressing models in terms that human beings can easily understand. The primary problem addressed by this work is that many existing computational scientific discovery approaches are too computationally intensive. The proposed solution involves developing a new ratebased process modelling framework. It is based around the idea of using linear regression to estimate parameter values instead of gradient descent. The regression-based parameter estimation algorithm is implemented into a system called Regression-guided Process Modeller (RPM) that is tested on both empirical and synthetic data. Results from testing demonstrate that RPM is able to find models more than 83,000 times faster than the existing state-of-the-art system. This work goes on to describe two major additional improvements to the initial implementation as well as the challenge of creating synthetic data. The first improvement was implemented in the system called APM that allowed an existing known model to be used as the starting point to construct new models that explain unseen data. The second improvement in the system Selection-based Process Modeller (SPM) changed the search technique from a greedy technique to a backwards selection based heuristic. Empirical evidence is provided to demonstrate the effect of the improvements compared to the initial system RPM. Synthetic models and data are necessary to evaluate the discovery stems and their creation requires overcoming many of the challenges that computational scientific discovery is intended to automate. The new modelling framework, and the subsequent working discovery systems RPM, APM and SPM, provide a proof of concept that rate-based process modelling framework can find models more efficiently that previous approaches. These initial systems provide a starting point for the application of the ratebased process modelling framework as a computational scientific discovery tool to real-world dynamic systems.
Author: Pat Langley
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 9780262620529
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 374
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Book Description
Scientific discovery is often regarded as romantic and creative--and hence unanalyzable--whereas the everyday process of verifying discoveries is sober and more suited to analysis. Yet this fascinating exploration of how scientific work proceeds argues that however sudden the moment of discovery may seem, the discovery process can be described and modeled. Using the methods and concepts of contemporary information-processing psychology (or cognitive science) the authors develop a series of artificial-intelligence programs that can simulate the human thought processes used to discover scientific laws. The programs--BACON, DALTON, GLAUBER, and STAHL--are all largely data-driven, that is, when presented with series of chemical or physical measurements they search for uniformities and linking elements, generating and checking hypotheses and creating new concepts as they go along. Scientific Discovery examines the nature of scientific research and reviews the arguments for and against a normative theory of discovery; describes the evolution of the BACON programs, which discover quantitative empirical laws and invent new concepts; presents programs that discover laws in qualitative and quantitative data; and ties the results together, suggesting how a combined and extended program might find research problems, invent new instruments, and invent appropriate problem representations. Numerous prominent historical examples of discoveries from physics and chemistry are used as tests for the programs and anchor the discussion concretely in the history of science.
Author: Cognitive Science Society (US) Conference
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1317781619
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 1204
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Book Description
This volume features the complete text of all regular papers, posters, and summaries of symposia presented at the 14th annual meeting of the Cognitive Science Society.
Author: Jacques Bélair
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319303791
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 777
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Book Description
Focusing on five main groups of interdisciplinary problems, this book covers a wide range of topics in mathematical modeling, computational science and applied mathematics. It presents a wealth of new results in the development of modeling theories and methods, advancing diverse areas of applications and promoting interdisciplinary interactions between mathematicians, scientists, engineers and representatives from other disciplines. The book offers a valuable source of methods, ideas, and tools developed for a variety of disciplines, including the natural and social sciences, medicine, engineering, and technology. Original results are presented on both the fundamental and applied level, accompanied by an ample number of real-world problems and examples emphasizing the interdisciplinary nature and universality of mathematical modeling, and providing an excellent outline of today’s challenges. Mathematical modeling, with applied and computational methods and tools, plays a fundamental role in modern science and engineering. It provides a primary and ubiquitous tool in the context making new discoveries, as well as in the development of new theories and techniques for solving key problems arising in scientific and engineering applications. The contributions, which are the product of two highly successful meetings held jointly in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada on the main campus of Wilfrid Laurier University in June 2015, i.e. the International Conference on Applied Mathematics, Modeling and Computational Science, and the Annual Meeting of the Canadian Applied and Industrial Mathematics (CAIMS), make the book a valuable resource for any reader interested in a broader overview of the methods, ideas and tools involved in mathematical and computational approaches developed for other disciplines, including the natural and social sciences, engineering and technology.
Author: Luciano Floridi
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470756764
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 392
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Book Description
This Guide provides an ambitious state-of-the-art survey of the fundamental themes, problems, arguments and theories constituting the philosophy of computing. A complete guide to the philosophy of computing and information. Comprises 26 newly-written chapters by leading international experts. Provides a complete, critical introduction to the field. Each chapter combines careful scholarship with an engaging writing style. Includes an exhaustive glossary of technical terms. Ideal as a course text, but also of interest to researchers and general readers.
Author: Michael G. Shafto
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 9780805829419
Category : Artificial intelligence
Languages : en
Pages : 1138
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Book Description
This volume features the complete text of the material presented at the Nineteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Papers have been loosely grouped by topic and an author index is provided in the back. As in previous years, the symposium included an interesting mixture of papers on many topics from researchers with diverse backgrounds and different goals, presenting a multifaceted view of cognitive science. In hopes of facilitating searches of this work, an electronic index on the Internet's World Wide Web is provided. Titles, authors, and summaries of all the papers published here have been placed in an online database which may be freely searched by anyone. You can reach the web site at: www-csli.stanford.edu/cogsci97.
