Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes in Organic Synthesis PDF Download
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Author: Prabal Banerjee
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527835644
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 469
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Book Description
Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes in Organic Synthesis Facilitate milder, simpler reactions in organic synthesis with this cutting-edge family of building blocks Donor-Accepted Cyclopropanes, or DACs, have attracted a resurgence of interest from organic chemists in recent decades for their role in facilitating various reactions such as cycloadditions, annulations, ring-opening and enantioselective transformations. The structural arrangement of DACs leads to milder, simpler reaction conditions, which have made them indispensable for a range of fundamentally and industrially important processes. Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes in Organic Synthesis covers comprehensively the chemistry and applications of this compound class. The result is an invaluable guide for any researcher looking to bring DACs to bear in their own areas of research or development. Readers will also find: A brief introduction of the history and reactivity of DACs Detailed discussion of reactions including Lewis acid-catalyzed cycloadditions, metal-free activation, asymmetric transformations, organocatalysis, and many more Application of DACs in natural product synthesis and pharmaceutical/agrochemical research Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes in Organic Synthesis is ideal for organic chemists, experts in catalysis, pharmaceutical researchers, and any other scientists interested in facilitating milder, simpler reactions.
Author: Prabal Banerjee
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527835644
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 469
Get Book Here
Book Description
Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes in Organic Synthesis Facilitate milder, simpler reactions in organic synthesis with this cutting-edge family of building blocks Donor-Accepted Cyclopropanes, or DACs, have attracted a resurgence of interest from organic chemists in recent decades for their role in facilitating various reactions such as cycloadditions, annulations, ring-opening and enantioselective transformations. The structural arrangement of DACs leads to milder, simpler reaction conditions, which have made them indispensable for a range of fundamentally and industrially important processes. Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes in Organic Synthesis covers comprehensively the chemistry and applications of this compound class. The result is an invaluable guide for any researcher looking to bring DACs to bear in their own areas of research or development. Readers will also find: A brief introduction of the history and reactivity of DACs Detailed discussion of reactions including Lewis acid-catalyzed cycloadditions, metal-free activation, asymmetric transformations, organocatalysis, and many more Application of DACs in natural product synthesis and pharmaceutical/agrochemical research Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes in Organic Synthesis is ideal for organic chemists, experts in catalysis, pharmaceutical researchers, and any other scientists interested in facilitating milder, simpler reactions.
Author: Cheryl Ann Carson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 454
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Book Description
Author: Oleg G. Kulinkovich
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118057430
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 428
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Book Description
This is a practical guidebook about cyclopropanes that thoroughly surveys derivatives and transformations, synthetic methods, and experimental efficiency as a gateway for further research and development in the field. • Provides comprehensive lists and synthetically-oriented synopses of cyclopropane chemistry review references along with publication data on applications in the syntheses of natural and related biologically active compounds • Acts as a resource to help readers better understand cyclopropane applications for the efficient realization of synthetically important organic transformations and popular experimental procedures • Includes new developments and up-to-date information that will lead to original methodologies for complex organic synthesis • Stresses universality, flexibility, and experimental efficiency of a strategy based on preparing cyclopropane derivatives and performing ring cleavage reactions with inexpensive reagents • Focuses on the synthetic potential of cyclopropane applications, for example the synthesis of natural compounds and other target-oriented syntheses via cyclopropane intermediaries, as well on their planning by retrosynthetic analysis
Author: Florian de Nanteuil
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319230069
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 329
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Book Description
This thesis presents a general approach to accessing nitrogen-substituted hetero- and carbocycles. In short, the annulation reactions developed in the thesis make it possible to access nitrogen-substituted four-, five- and six-membered rings, all essential building blocks for the synthesis of bioactive molecules. Many natural products display a saturated polycyclic core allowing a well-defined arrangement of functional groups in space. As such, they can interact with biological targets with a high degree of affinity and selectivity, surpassing many synthetic drugs. Nevertheless, the efficient synthesis of such complex ring systems poses a challenge for organic chemistry. Through careful tuning of the electronic properties of a nitrogen donor group and a diester acceptor group, the first [3+2] annulation reaction between aminocyclopropanes and enol ethers or carbonyl compounds is now possible. The reaction proceeded under mild catalytic conditions, and the building blocks obtained can be found at the core of bioactive alkaloids, drugs such as Ramipril and biomolecules such as DNA and RNA. Thanks to the dynamic kinetic asymmetric annulation of aminocyclopropanes with enol ethers and aldehydes, access to enantioenriched compounds is also now possible. Lastly, a synthesis of donor-acceptor aminocyclobutanes via [2+2] cycloaddition using a cheap iron catalyst was developed, allowing them to be used in [4+2] annulations to access cyclohexylamines.
Author: Sinan Gai
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 496
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Book Description
The first chapter of this thesis provides an introduction to natural products and describes how they are a valuable source of bioactive compounds, which feature heavily in clinically used drugs. The recently reported bioactive natural product maoecrystal V was introduced followed by the chemistry of cyclopropanes, which were intended to be used in the synthesis of maoecrystal V.Synthetic strategies towards the synthesis of maoecrystal V were investigated in chapter 2. A retrosynthetic analysis of maoecrystal V was proposed, which featured a cyclopropane ring expansion. Using a model system, the key step, an intermolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition was used to construct the [2.2.2]-bicyclooctane scaffold of maoecrystal V. Concurrently to this work, Baran and co-workers completed the synthesis of maoecrystal V and found that it possessed little to no bioactivity against a wide range of cancer cell lines.An introduction to spiroketals and the less common benzannulated spiroketals followed by the methodology to construct them are described in chapter 3. Based on some preliminary results from another study, attention was turned to utilising donor-acceptor cyclopropanes in the synthesis of benzannulated n,5-spiroketals (n = 6 or 5), which are found in numerous bioactive natural products.
Author: Nareddy Radhika Reddy
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 97
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Book Description
Natural products serve as a major resource for many pharmacologically-active drugs found in the market today. Using natural products as medicines, however, is associated with many limitations such as availability and isolation. An alternative to this is the synthesis of these compounds, which can be done using two different approaches: (1) Total synthesis of the molecule, and (2) A semi-synthetic approach. Total synthesis generally involves synthesis of the target molecule by assembling the ring systems or the core skeletal framework of the natural product. There are numerous methods reported in the literature for the synthesis of these ring systems. Despite this, there is always a quest for new methods; methods with improved efficiency in terms of chemo-, regio- and stereoselectivities. As a result, new synthetic tools are needed to address these issues. These new tools can be the development of new catalysts, new techniques, or innovative methodologies, which will allow new transformations and aid in the synthesis of complex natural products. In recent years small, strained molecules such as cyclopropanes, cyclobutanes and cyclopropenes, have been successfully employed for the synthesis of complex ring systems. In this dissertation a new method to access certain carbocyclic and heterocyclic ring systems using cyclopropanes as building blocks will be presented. This involves synthesis of novel cyclopropanes by intermolecular reaction between substituted styrenes and different alpha-arylmethyl-alpha-diazo compounds in the presence of Rhodium catalysts. The challenge in the synthesis of these cyclopropanes is that these diazo compounds are notorious for undergoing beta-hydride elimination reactions, thus limiting their use for intermolecular reactions. In this study, we aim to synthesize the proposed cyclopropanes in good yields while minimizing, if not completely eliminating, the betahydride elimination reaction. The first half of the thesis discusses the different approaches taken to synthesize the desired cyclopropanes with limited success. However using Rh2 (S-PTTL)3 TPA as the catalyst and optimizing the reaction conditions allowed us to synthesize these cyclopropanes in moderate to good yields. The second part of the thesis focuses on the study of ring opening reactions of the cyclopropanes synthesized using various Lewis acids.
Author: Huck K. Grover
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 556
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Book Description
The development and utility of cyclopropanes is an ever-growing field within organic chemistry. In particular, donor-acceptor cyclopropanes have been used in a vast array of methods to access a variety of different hetero and carbocyclic molecular scaffolds. Recently, we have developed a Zn(NTf2)2 catalyzed tandem reaction consisting of a nucleophilic ringopening of 1,1-cyclopropanediesters by 2-alkynyl indoles followed by a Conia-ene ring closure, resulting in the efficient one-step synthesis of tetrahydrocarbazoles. These adducts may be further elaborated to carbazoles. The scope and limitations of this method were determined along with a mechanistic study into the function of the zinc catalyst. In an expansion of our work with 1,1-cyclopropanediesters, we have explored the reactivity and utilization of hemimalonate cyclopropanes. To this end, we have developed two unique methods exploring the self-activating nature of these cyclopropanes under catalyst free conditions. Cyclopropane hemimalonates, when treated with sodium azide, undergo a tandem ring-opening decarboxylation to produce?-azidobutyric acids in good yields. These adducts were hydrogenated to form?-aminobutyric acid (GABA) methyl esters. Additionally, cyclopropane hemimalonates have led to the facile synthesis of?-substituted butanolides. Under microwave irradiation, cyclopropane hemimalonates undergo rapid conversion to butanolides in the presence of inorganic salts with an unprecedented retention of stereochemistry. This unique process, in conjunction with a newly developed crossmetathesis method, has been applied to the total synthesis of the naturally occurring, (R)- dodecan-4-olide. Finally, recent efforts to develop a unified approach to piperidine-containing indole natural products have shown great promise. A preliminary investigation into the prospect of a common synthetic intermediate for the synthesis of a variety of indole alkaloids has led to a synthesis of substituted piperidinones and the corresponding piperidines. These common natural product cores are accessed via a reductive amination/lactamization sequence of dimethyl 3-ethyl-3-formylpimelate. The synthetic utility of this initial study has been displayed in the formal synthesis of (+/- )-quebrachamine.
Author: Kengadarane Anebouselvy
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1782620907
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 220
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Book Description
In the last decade a new era in asymmetric catalysis has been realised by the discovery of L-proline induced chiral enamines from carbonyls. Inspired by this, researchers have developed many other primary catalytic species in situ, more recently secondary catalytic species such as aminals have been identified for use in asymmetric synthesis. High-yielding asymmetric synthesis of bioactive and natural products through mild catalysis is an efficient approach in reaction engineering. In the early days, synthetic chemists mainly focused on the synthesis of complex molecules, with less attention on the reaction efficiency and eco-friendly conditions. Recent investigations have been directed towards the development of atom economy, eco-friendly and enantioselective synthesis for more targeted and efficient synthesis. Building on the momentum of this rapidly expanding research area, Dienamine catalysis for organic synthesis will provide a comprehensive introduction, from the preformed species, in situ generation and onto their applications in the synthesis of bioactive molecules and natural products.
Author: Alexander F. G. Goldberg
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cyclopropane
Languages : en
Pages : 816
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Book Description
Author: Michael R. Emmett
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 510
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Book Description
The first chapter of this thesis focuses on the synthesis and reactivity of cyclopropane hemimalonates. The cyclopropane hemimalonates can easily be synthesized from 1,1-cyclopropanediesters. The reactivity of cyclopropane hemimalonates with indole under ultra-high pressure conditions leads to ring opened adducts that are complementary to previous research in the Kerr group. The tandem ring opening decarboxylation reaction of cyclopropane hemimalonates led to the synthesis of -aminobutyric acid analogues. When an external nucleophile was not present, the cyclopropane hemimalonates could rearrange to form butyrolactones in good to excellent yields. The stereochemical integrity of the cyclopropane hemimalonate is retained through this process, which is not usually seen in cyclopropane reactivity. The second chapter describes the progress towards the synthesis of Kainic acid. While the progress towards this natural product appeared to be going well, after closer analysis of the products, a new reactivity of diazo species and cyclopentadiene was realized. In the third chapter, the progress towards the synthesis of Actinophyllic acid is provided. Synthesis of advanced intermediates was completed, however the key formation of a 1,4-dicarbonyl species of the pyrrolidine ring eluded this study.
