Analytical Methods for the Determination and Evaluation of Emerging Organic Contaminants in Environmental Waters and Sludge PDF Download
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Author: Pol Herrero Gil
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 414
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Book Description
Aquesta tesi doctoral se centra en el desenvolupament de mètodes analítics per determinar famílies poc estudiades de contaminants orgànics emergents en aigües ambientals i mostres de llots de depuradora. Els compostos inclosos en aquesta Tesi són els glucocorticoides, els ionòfors de polièter, les benzotriazoles, les benzotiazoles, les benzenosulfonamides i els ful·lerens. En aquesta Tesi, es demostren les capacitats ofertes per les tècniques de determinació d'avantguarda, tals com la "ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)" i la "Asymmetrical flow field-flow Fractionation (AF4 )" acoblades a analitzadors de masses de tipus triple quadrupol (QqQ) o Orbitrap per a l'anàlisi de mostres ambientals. A més, l'ús de tècniques d'extracció emergents en el camp mediambiental, com ara "pressurised hot water extraction (PHWE)" i QuEChERS, es van explorar per a l'anàlisi de mostres de llots de depuradora. Aquestes tècniques poden ser avantatjoses en comparació amb altres tècniques d'extracció emprades en l'actualitat en l'anàlisi mediambiental, també utilitzades en aquesta Tesi, com ara la "pressurised liquid extraction ( PLE)". També en aquesta Tesi, es proporciona informació de la presència d'aquests contaminants orgànics emergents en l'aigua de riu, les aigües residuals i mostres de llots de depuradores de diferents rius i EDARs de Catalunya. A més, s'informa de les dades sobre l'eliminació d'aquests compostos tant pels tractaments d'aigües residuals secundaris i terciaris i, alguns d'ells s'han determinat per primera vegada.
Author: Pol Herrero Gil
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 414
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Book Description
Aquesta tesi doctoral se centra en el desenvolupament de mètodes analítics per determinar famílies poc estudiades de contaminants orgànics emergents en aigües ambientals i mostres de llots de depuradora. Els compostos inclosos en aquesta Tesi són els glucocorticoides, els ionòfors de polièter, les benzotriazoles, les benzotiazoles, les benzenosulfonamides i els ful·lerens. En aquesta Tesi, es demostren les capacitats ofertes per les tècniques de determinació d'avantguarda, tals com la "ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)" i la "Asymmetrical flow field-flow Fractionation (AF4 )" acoblades a analitzadors de masses de tipus triple quadrupol (QqQ) o Orbitrap per a l'anàlisi de mostres ambientals. A més, l'ús de tècniques d'extracció emergents en el camp mediambiental, com ara "pressurised hot water extraction (PHWE)" i QuEChERS, es van explorar per a l'anàlisi de mostres de llots de depuradora. Aquestes tècniques poden ser avantatjoses en comparació amb altres tècniques d'extracció emprades en l'actualitat en l'anàlisi mediambiental, també utilitzades en aquesta Tesi, com ara la "pressurised liquid extraction ( PLE)". També en aquesta Tesi, es proporciona informació de la presència d'aquests contaminants orgànics emergents en l'aigua de riu, les aigües residuals i mostres de llots de depuradores de diferents rius i EDARs de Catalunya. A més, s'informa de les dades sobre l'eliminació d'aquests compostos tant pels tractaments d'aigües residuals secundaris i terciaris i, alguns d'ells s'han determinat per primera vegada.
Author: Nuria Fontanals
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 111976386X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 420
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Book Description
Analytical Methods for Environmental Contaminants of Emerging Concern Provides the analytical methodology required to detect different families of organic compounds of emerging concern (CECs) from environmental samples Most contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) —such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products, pesticides, sunscreens, perfluorinated compounds, and microplastics—have been present in the environment for years, yet some have only recently been identified, and many of these organic compounds remain unregulated. Analytical methods have been developed to determine the toxicity and risk of different families of CECs. Analytical Methods for Environmental Contaminants of Emerging Concern presents the methods currently available to determine families of organic CECs in environmental samples. Each section of the book is devoted to a particular family of CECs, covering different analytical methods supported by examples of both cutting-edge research and commonly used methods. An international panel of experts describes every step of the analytical procedures, including sample preparation, chromatographic separation coupled to mass spectrometry or other instrumental techniques. Specific requirements are linked to the properties of the contaminants and the sample matrix for each procedure presented. Throughout the book, in-depth case studies of analytical procedures for CEC extraction, separation, and determination are presented to help readers transfer the analytical methods to their laboratories. Provides detailed descriptions of various approaches for determining each group of CECs in environmental samples Covers different types of aqueous, solid, and atmospheric samples Includes up-to-date information on CEC properties, relevant legislation, reported or potential metabolites/transformation products, and environmental occurrence Addresses CECs such as novel psychoactive substances, artificial sweeteners, musk fragrances, disinfection byproducts, and microplastics Offers practical tips and advice on special care procedures to assist readers in CEC determination Analytical Methods for Environmental Contaminants of Emerging Concern is an essential reference and guide for advanced students and researchers in analytical chemistry and science, environmental science, forensic science, and specialized subjects related to analytical chemistry.
Author: Teresa Vicent
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3642356095
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 301
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Book Description
There are a growing number of new chemicals in the environment that represent an ascertained or potential risk. Many of them can be found in sewage sludge and are the subject of this volume. Experts in the field highlight their occurrence and fate, risks of biosolid use, advanced chemical analysis methods, and degradation techniques with a special focus on biodegradation using fungi. In the final chapter conclusions and trends are offered as a point of departure for future studies. The double-disciplinary approach combining environmental analysis and engineering makes the book a valuable and comprehensive source of information for a broad audience, such as environmental chemists and engineers, biotechnologists, ecotoxicologists and professionals responsible for waste and water management.
Author: T. R. Crompton
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128165308
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 423
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Book Description
Determination of Toxic Organic Chemicals in Natural Waters, Sediments and Soils: Determination and Analysis reviews the latest techniques for the determination and assessment of both current and emerging organic compounds in a range of important environmental contexts. A wide range of organic compounds in non-saline waters are discussed in the opening chapters, including hydrocarbons, surface active agents and volatile organic compounds. This is followed by multiorganics, pesticides and organometallic compounds in non-saline waters. Organic compounds in aqueous precipitation are then explored before the book goes on to discuss compounds in soils, including extraction techniques, insecticides, herbicides and fungicides, and organometallic compounds. Finally, the concluding chapters focus on compounds in sediments, providing readers with the latest information in the field and supporting them as they address the important issue surrounding organic material throughout ecosystems. - Highlights the latest methods for analyzing a wide range of organic compounds - Supports researchers by providing detailed information across a range of ecosystems - Includes detailed guidance for assessing complex mixtures of organic compounds in the environment
Author: Dimitra A. Lambropoulou
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118339576
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 920
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Book Description
Over the last 15 years, the focus of chemical pollution has shifted from conventional pollutants to so-called “emerging” or “new” unregulated contaminants. These include pharmaceuticals and personal care products, hormones, UV filters, perfluorinated compounds, poylybrominated flame retardants (BFRs), pesticides, plasticizers, artificial sweeteners, illicit drugs, and endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs). Despite the increasing number of published studies covering emerging contaminants, we know almost nothing about the effects of their transformation products and/or metabolites. This two-volume set provides a unique collection of research on transformation products, their occurrence, fate and risks in the environment. It contains 32 chapters, organised into 7 parts, each with a distinct focus: • General Considerations • Transformation Processes and Treatment Strategies • Analytical Strategies • Occurrence, Fate and Effects in the Environment • Global Speciality and Environmental Status • Risk Assessment, Management and Regulatory Framework • Outlook Transformation Products of Emerging Contaminants in the Environment is a valuable resource for researchers and industry professionals in environmental chemistry, analytical chemistry, ecotoxicology, environmental sciences, and hydrology, as well as environmental consultants and regulatory bodies.
Author: Damia Barcelo
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080540694
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1151
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Book Description
This book is an updated, completely revised version of a previous volume in this series entitled: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS -- Techniques, applications and quality assurance. The book treats different aspects of environmental analysis such as sample handling and analytical techniques, the applications to trace analysis of pollutants (mainly organic compounds), and quality assurance aspects, including the use of certified reference materials for the quality control of the whole analytical process. New analytical techniques are presented that have been developed significantly over the last 6 years, like solid phase microextraction, microwave-assisted extraction, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric methods, immunoassays, and biosensors. The book is divided into four sections. The first describes field sampling techniques and sample preparation in environmental matrices: water, soil, sediment and biota. The second section covers the application areas which are either based on techniques, like the use of gas chromatography-atomic emission detection, immunoassays, or coupled-column liquid chromatography, or on specific application areas, like chlorinated compounds, pesticides, phenols, mycotoxins, phytotoxins, radionuclides, industrial effluents and wastes, including mine waste. Validation and quality assurance are described in the third section, together with the interpretation of environmental data using advanced chemometric techniques. The final section reports the use of somewhat advanced analytical methods, usually more expensive, less routinely used or less developed, for the determination of pollutants.
Author: Hemen Sarma
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 032385981X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 713
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Book Description
Emerging Contaminants in the Environment: Challenges and Sustainable Practices covers all aspects of emerging contaminants in the environment, from basic understanding to different types of emerging contaminants and how these threaten organisms, their environmental fate studies, detection methods, and sustainable practices of dealing with contaminants. Emerging contaminant remediation is a pressing need due to the ever-increasing pollution in the environment, and it has gained a lot of scientific and public attention due to its high effectiveness and sustainability. The discussions in the book on the bioremediation of these contaminants are covered from the perspective of proven technologies and practices through case studies and real-world data. One of the main benefits of this book is that it summarizes future challenges and sustainable solutions. It can, therefore, become an effective guide to the elimination (through sustainable practices) of emerging contaminants. At the back of these explorations on sustainable bioremediation of emerging contaminants lies the set of 17 goals articulated by the United Nations in its 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by all its member states. This book provides academics, researchers, students, and practitioners interested in the detection and elimination of emerging contaminants from the environment, with the latest advances by leading experts in emerging contaminants the field of environmental sciences. - Covers most aspects of the most predominant emerging contaminants in the environment, including in soil, air, and water - Describes the occurrence of these contaminants, the problems they cause, and the sustainable practices to deal with the contaminants - Includes data from case studies to provide real-world examples of sustainable practices and emerging contaminant remediation
Author:
Publisher: Newnes
ISBN: 0444626948
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 759
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Book Description
Analysis, Removal, Effects and Risk of Pharmaceuticals in the Water Cycle provides an overview of the current analytical methods for trace determination of pharmaceuticals in environmental samples. The book also reviews the fate and occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the water cycle for their elimination in wastewater and drinking water treatment, focusing on the newest developments in treatment technologies, such as membrane bioreactors and advanced oxidation processes. Pharmaceutically active substances are a class of new, so-called emerging contaminants that have raised great concern in recent years. Human and veterinary drugs are continuously being released into the environment mainly as a result of the manufacturing processes, the disposal of unused or expired products, and via excreta. The analytical methodology for the determination of trace pharmaceuticals in complex environmental matrices is still evolving, and the number of methods described in the literature has grown considerably. This volume leads the way, keeping chemistry students, toxicologists, engineers, wastewater managers and related professionals current with developments in this quickly evolving area. - Covers the latest developments in trace determinations - Concise and critical compilation of the recent literature - Focuses on new treatment technologies
Author: Damià Barceló
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783540222293
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 282
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Book Description
The current volumes, 5/I and 5/O in the Handbook of Environmental Chemistry Series, cover the analytical, toxicological and environmental issues of unregulated contaminants including surfactants, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCP), and gasoline additives, among priority pollutants identified by US and European environmental authorities. These books synthesize the results of up-to-date research to offer a balanced view of this rapidly developing and complex subject.
Author: Kyra Murrell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The presence of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in the environment is a growing field of research for analytical environmental scientists. CECs are a class of anthropogenic pollutants not regulated by governmental agencies, and their potential deleterious environmental and human impacts are largely unknown. One of the main sources of CEC entry into the aquatic environment is wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent as the treated water is often released into bodies of water, such as river and streams. Because most WWTPs were not designed to remove organic micropollutants, many CECs are poorly removed in traditional WWTPs and persist in the treated effluent waters. As a model system for study, the University Park WWTP treats the wastewater from the Penn State main campus. Following primary and secondary treatment, effluent water is then disinfected using sodium hypochlorite ("chlorine contact") and pumped for spray irrigation of over 500 acres of agricultural and forested lands called the Living Filter. The full characterization of CECs in environmental matrices requires the use of both targeted and non-targeted analysis employing a variety of advanced analytical techniques and multi-residue extraction methods. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC) coupled to time of flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) is utilized for the separation and analysis of complex samples, such as wastewater. In these studies, GCxGC-TOFMS has been utilized for the non-targeted analysis of wastewater influent, effluent, and Living Filter irrigation water. Over the course of three years, these samples were investigated for CECs, revealing a new class of benzotriazole corrosion inhibitors and their transformation products. The tentatively identified chloromethyl-benzotriazole isomers were detected at higher concentrations in the effluent and irrigation water than the influent. Upon further investigation with a lab-scale synthesis, it was determined that the methyl-benzotriazoles in the influent react with sodium hypochlorite during chlorine disinfection to form previously unidentified chloromethyl-benzotriazoles. These compounds were not detected in the groundwater below the Living Filter. Traditionally, the extraction of wastewater and aqueous environmental samples is performed using liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). This method is time consuming and solvent intensive therefore a microextraction method, stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) was investigated. SBSE and LLE were compared for their application to multiclass organic contaminants in the University Park wastewater with GCxGC-TOFMS. LLE was found to be a better method for the quantitative analysis of a broader range of contaminants. SBSE was determined to be a more sensitive method for the non-targeted analysis of trace contaminants in effluent samples. These extraction methods were further tested and verified using wastewater from the Bellefonte, PA municipal WWTP as well as surface waters downstream of the WWTP outfall. 32 CECs, including a variety of pharmaceuticals and personal care products, were detected and tentatively identified in the samples. To further explore the fate and transport of CECs in the University Park wastewater, the soil and crops at the Living Filter were investigated. Specifically, corn roots, leaves, and grain were examined separately to determine the uptake and translocation of contaminants throughout the plant. The Living Filter samples were also compared to a corn crop control site at the agricultural research center at Rock Springs because it is not irrigated with the WWTP effluent. Target compounds detected in the soil and corn samples include herbicides, phthalates, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Non-targeted principal component analysis of each sample type showed chemical differences between the control and Living Filter samples attributed to the treated wastewater irrigation. In addition, new chloro-dimethyl-benzotriazole compounds were tentatively identified in the wastewater as well as the Living Filter soil and corn root samples. Lastly, another class of CEC, microplastic particles (MPs), was investigated using a different set of analytical techniques. The surface characteristics and chemical composition of neat MP standards were compared to those extracted from personal care products and effluent water from the University Park WWTP. Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Optical Profilometry were all utilized for a more comprehensive view of the MP samples. This proof-of-concept study is the first to combine the three methods for MP analysis and demonstrate that MPs extracted from personal care products and WWTP effluent differ greatly from neat microsphere standards of similar sizes. The following research presented in chapters 2-6 has been published or submitted for publication in peer reviewed journals. Chapter 2 has been published in Science of the Total Environment and chapter 6 was published in Analytical Methods. Chapter 3 has been accepted for publication in Talanta. Chapter 4 has been submitted for publication in Analytical Methods and chapter 5 has been submitted to Chemosphere. I am first author on all five of these publications.
