Analyse discriminante des spectres en protéomique dans un but diagnostic et thérapeutique

Analyse discriminante des spectres en protéomique dans un but diagnostic et thérapeutique PDF Author: Nadège Dossat
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 394

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Book Description
La protéomique est un outil essentiel dans la compréhension de maladies, tel que le cancer. Le profilage des protéines fournit une vue globale des processus de la maladie au niveau des protéines. la spectrométrie de masse SELDI-TOF est l'un des outils de laboratoire utilisés pour trouver les modèles protéiques associés à la maladie. un spectre de masse contient l'information sur les protéines et leurs fragments. Un pic c.-à-d. un maximum local du spectre de masse représente une protéine ou un fragment de proteine. L'objectif est de trouver des biomarqueurs discriminants, c.-à-d. des pics présents dans les groupes cancer du sein et témond sains mais avec des intensités spécifiques à chaque groupe ou encore des pics présents dans un seul des deux groupes. Le problème de cette technique de spectrométrie de masse est la variablilité sur l'abscisse (masse/charge) et sur l'ordonnée (intensité). La variabilité sur l'abscisse rend difficile l'identification des pics statistiquement "identiques" en abscisse. La variabilté sur l'ordonnée conduit à des problèmes de classification des spectres de masse. Un premier objectif était donc d'identifier les pics en tenant compte de la double variablité de ceux-ci. Le principe est de modéliser la variabilité des pics en abscisse et sur l'ordonnée par une distribution normale bivariée. Ainsi, la distribution de la totalité des spectres de masse par groupe (cancer/témoin) est modélisée par un mélange normal bivarié. L'estimation des paramétres de mélange de modèles est faite en employant l'algorithme EM contraint. Après cette identification des pics, les biomarqueurspeuvent être sélectionnés en utilisant des tests statistiques. Pour nous assurer de la réalité de la non présencede certains pics dans un seul des deux groupes, une améloration des méthodes de débruitage des spectres de masse par les transformés en ondulettes invariantes en translation a été étudiée. Le bruit des spectres est influencé par la matrice chimique utiliséé dans la technique de spectrométrie SELDI-TOF, ce qui donne un bruit avec une variance qui décroît continûment en fonction de l'abscisse. Cette deuxième partie a consisté à adapté le seuillage des coefficients d'ondelettes au bruit spécifique des spectres de masse SELDI-TOF. Des adaptations de l'algorrithme EM contraint sont alors nécessaires pour identifier de nouveaus pics par rapport aux groupes de méthodes développés dans la premire partie

Analyse discriminante des spectres en protéomique dans un but diagnostic et thérapeutique

Analyse discriminante des spectres en protéomique dans un but diagnostic et thérapeutique PDF Author: Nadège Dossat
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 394

Get Book Here

Book Description
La protéomique est un outil essentiel dans la compréhension de maladies, tel que le cancer. Le profilage des protéines fournit une vue globale des processus de la maladie au niveau des protéines. la spectrométrie de masse SELDI-TOF est l'un des outils de laboratoire utilisés pour trouver les modèles protéiques associés à la maladie. un spectre de masse contient l'information sur les protéines et leurs fragments. Un pic c.-à-d. un maximum local du spectre de masse représente une protéine ou un fragment de proteine. L'objectif est de trouver des biomarqueurs discriminants, c.-à-d. des pics présents dans les groupes cancer du sein et témond sains mais avec des intensités spécifiques à chaque groupe ou encore des pics présents dans un seul des deux groupes. Le problème de cette technique de spectrométrie de masse est la variablilité sur l'abscisse (masse/charge) et sur l'ordonnée (intensité). La variabilité sur l'abscisse rend difficile l'identification des pics statistiquement "identiques" en abscisse. La variabilté sur l'ordonnée conduit à des problèmes de classification des spectres de masse. Un premier objectif était donc d'identifier les pics en tenant compte de la double variablité de ceux-ci. Le principe est de modéliser la variabilité des pics en abscisse et sur l'ordonnée par une distribution normale bivariée. Ainsi, la distribution de la totalité des spectres de masse par groupe (cancer/témoin) est modélisée par un mélange normal bivarié. L'estimation des paramétres de mélange de modèles est faite en employant l'algorithme EM contraint. Après cette identification des pics, les biomarqueurspeuvent être sélectionnés en utilisant des tests statistiques. Pour nous assurer de la réalité de la non présencede certains pics dans un seul des deux groupes, une améloration des méthodes de débruitage des spectres de masse par les transformés en ondulettes invariantes en translation a été étudiée. Le bruit des spectres est influencé par la matrice chimique utiliséé dans la technique de spectrométrie SELDI-TOF, ce qui donne un bruit avec une variance qui décroît continûment en fonction de l'abscisse. Cette deuxième partie a consisté à adapté le seuillage des coefficients d'ondelettes au bruit spécifique des spectres de masse SELDI-TOF. Des adaptations de l'algorrithme EM contraint sont alors nécessaires pour identifier de nouveaus pics par rapport aux groupes de méthodes développés dans la premire partie

Pediatric Bleeding Disorders

Pediatric Bleeding Disorders PDF Author: Amy L. Dunn
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030316610
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 223

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Book Description
This clinical casebook provides a concise, state-of-the-art review of pediatric bleeding disorders. Presented in a case-based format, each case presents a different variant of bleeding disorder, illustrates the etiology, pathology, genetics, diagnosis, and management of the disorder, and offers clinical pearls. Disorders covered include hemophilia A and B, rare factor deficiencies, von Willebrand disease, immune thrombocytopenia purpura, and platelet dysfunctions. Written by experts in the field, Pediatric Bleeding Disorders: A Clinical Casebook is a valuable resource for clinicians and practitioners treating patients with challenging coagulation issues.

Case Studies in Food Safety and Authenticity

Case Studies in Food Safety and Authenticity PDF Author: Jeffrey Hoorfar
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0857096931
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 407

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Book Description
The identification and control of food contaminants rely on careful investigation and implementation of appropriate management strategies. Using a wide range of real-life examples, Case studies in food safety and authenticity provides a vital insight into the practical application of strategies for control and prevention.Part one provides examples of recent outbreak investigations from a wide range of experts around the world, including lessons learnt, before part two goes on to explore examples of how the source was traced and the implications for the food chain. Methods of crisis management are the focus of part three, whilst part four provides studies of farm-level interventions and the tracking of contaminants before they enter the food chain. Part five is focussed on safe food production, and considers the challenges of regulatory testing and certification, hygiene control and predictive microbiology. The book concludes in part six with an examination of issues related to food adulteration and authenticity.With its distinguished editor and international team of expert contributors, Case studies in food safety and authenticity is a key reference work for those involved in food production, including quality control, laboratory and risk managers, food engineers, and anyone involved in researching and teaching food safety. - Delivers a vital insight into the practical application of strategies for control and prevention of food contaminants - Provides detailed examples of recent outbreak investigations from a wide range of international experts, discussing how the source was traced and the implications for the food chain - Chapters discuss methods of crisis management, farm-level interventions, safe food production and the challenges of regulatory testing and certification

Extracellular and Intracellular Signaling

Extracellular and Intracellular Signaling PDF Author: James D. Adams
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1849731608
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 319

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Book Description
Intracellular cell signaling is a well understood process. However, extracellular signals such as hormones, adipokines, cytokines and neurotransmitters are just as important but have been largely ignored in other works. Aimed at medical professionals and pharmaceutical specialists, this book integrates extracellular and intracellular signalling processes and offers a fresh perspective on new drug targets.

Trends in Vital Food and Control Engineering

Trends in Vital Food and Control Engineering PDF Author: Ayman Hafiz Amer Eissa
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789535152682
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 304

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Book Description
This book is an example of a successful addition to the literature of bioengineering and processing control within the scientific world. The book is divided into twelve chapters covering: selected topics in food engineering, advances in food process engineering, food irradiation, food safety and quality, machine vision, control systems and economics processing. All chapters have been written by renowned professionals working in food engineering and related disciplines.

Platelet Proteomics

Platelet Proteomics PDF Author: Ángel García-Alonso
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118002075
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 432

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Book Description
The purpose of the book is to introduce platelets, and their functional role in thrombotic and cardiovascular disease, justifying the relevance of platelet proteomics research. Focus then shifts to the recent developments on mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics. This chapter shows potential applications for platelet proteomics not yet carried out. It includes examples of post-translational modifications (PTMs) analysis in platelets. The second part of the book focuses on the main research done so far on platelet proteomics. This includes general proteome mapping by non-gel based separation methods (MudPit), analysis of the general platelet proteome and signaling cascades by gel-based separation methods (2-DE), sub-proteome analyses (secretome/releasate, membrane proteins, organelles). Finally, the last section links the platelet transcriptome and application to disease. This section is highly relevant and includes chapters on proteomics, transcriptomics, functional genomics, systems biology, and their applications to platelet-related diseases.

Chemical Analysis of Food: Techniques and Applications

Chemical Analysis of Food: Techniques and Applications PDF Author: Yolanda Picó
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123848628
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 814

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Book Description
"The book contains twenty three chapters written by experts on the subject, is structured in two parts: the first one describes the role of the latest developments in analytical and bioanalytical techniques, and the second one deals with the most innovative applications and issues in food analysis. The two first introductory chapters about sampling technique, from basic one to the most recent advances, which is still a food challenge because is responsible of the quality and assurance of the analysis, and on data analysis and chemometrics are followed by a review of the most recently applied techniques in process (on-line) control and in laboratories for the analysis of major or minor compounds of food. These techniques ranged from the non-invasive and non-destructive ones, such as infrared spectroscopy, magnetic resonance and ultrasounds, to emerging areas as nanotechnology, biosensors and electronic noses and tongues, including those already well-established in food analysis, such as chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques. These chapters also include two important tools for solving problems in chemical and biological analysis such as mass spectrometry and molecular-based techniques"--Provided by publisher.

Food Safety

Food Safety PDF Author: Steven Ricke
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128004045
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 466

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Book Description
Food Safety: Emerging Issues, Technologies and Systems offers a systems approach to learning how to understand and address some of the major complex issues that have emerged in the food industry. The book is broad in coverage and provides a foundation for a practical understanding in food safety initiatives and safety rules, how to deal with whole-chain traceability issues, handling complex computer systems and data, foodborne pathogen detection, production and processing compliance issues, safety education, and more. Recent scientific industry developments are written by experts in the field and explained in a manner to improve awareness, education and communication of these issues. - Examines effective control measures and molecular techniques for understanding specific pathogens - Presents GFSI implementation concepts and issues to aid in implementation - Demonstrates how operation processes can achieve a specific level of microbial reduction in food - Offers tools for validating microbial data collected during processing to reduce or eliminate microorganisms in foods

Obstetric Analgesia and Anaesthesia

Obstetric Analgesia and Anaesthesia PDF Author: Gertie F. Marx
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 440

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Book Description


Advances in Food Traceability Techniques and Technologies

Advances in Food Traceability Techniques and Technologies PDF Author: Montserrat Espiñeira
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
ISBN: 0081003218
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 404

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Book Description
Advances in Food Traceability Techniques and Technologies: Improving Quality Throughout the Food Chain covers in detail a topic of great importance to both the food industry which is obliged to provide clear and accurate labeling of their products and the government and other organizations which are tasked with verification of claims of food quality and safety. The traceability of food products is becoming ever more important as globalization continues to increase the complexity of food chains. Coverage in the book includes the wide range of technologies and techniques which have been utilized in the tracing of food products. In addition, the ways in which the misuse of food traceability will affect the quality of food is also covered throughout. The first part of the book introduces the concept of traceability in the food industry, highlighting advantages of a robust traceability and the difficulties involved in implementing them. The second part looks at the technologies used to trace products, and the third section reviews the legal requirements for food traceability in the EU, the US, and the rest of the world. The final section contains a number of case studies which evaluate how food traceability has been successfully implemented in various foods focusing on the quality of the food. - Provides a wide ranging overview of all recent advances in food traceability techniques and technologies - Presents case studies covering when food traceability techniques have been applied to a range of food stuffs - Covers the legal aspects of food traceability in the EU, the USA, and around the world