Anaerobic Oxidation of Methane in Marine Sediments PDF Download
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Author: Tina Treude
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 253
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Author: Tina Treude
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 253
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Book Description
Author: Gerold Wefer
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783662051283
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 495
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Book Description
Ocean margins are the transitional zones between the oceans and continents. They represent dynamic systems in which numerous processes shape the environment and result in impacting the utilization and hazard potentials for humans. These processes are influenced by a variety of steering mechanisms, from mountain building and climate on the land to tectonics and sea-level fluctuations in ocean margins. This book examines various aspects of regulation for the long-term development of ocean margins, of the impact of fluids and of the dynamics of benthic life at and below the seafloor in ocean margin systems.
Author: Z. Naangmenyele
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Susma Bhattarai Gautam
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 042982646X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 22
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Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) coupled to sulfate reduction (AOM-SR) is a biological process mediated by anaerobic methanotrophs (ANME) and sulfate reducing bacteria. It has scientifi c and societal relevance in regulating the global carbon cycle and biotechnological application for treating sulfate-rich wastewater. This research aimed to enhance the recent knowledge on ANME distribution and its enrichment in different bioreactor confi gurations, i.e. membrane bioreactor (MBR), biotrickling fi lter (BTF) and high pressure bioreactor (HPB). Marine sediment from Ginsburg mud volcano, Gulf of Cadiz was used as inoculum in the BTF and MBR. The BTF operation showed the enrichment of ANME in the biofi lm, especially ANME-1 (40%) and ANME-2 (10%). Whereas, the dominancy of ANME-2 and Desulfosarcina aggregates was observed in the MBR. Moreover, HPB study was performed by using highly enriched ANME-2 community from Captain Arutyunov mud volcano. During the study of HPB at different temperature and pressure conditions, the incubation at 10 MPa pressure and 15 ̊C was observed to be the most suitable condition for the studied AOM-SR community. Furthermore, AOM-SR activity in the coastal sediments from marine Lake Grevelingen (the Netherlands) was explored and the microbial community was characterised which was dominated by ANME-3 among known ANME types.
Author: Nina Jeannette Knab
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 196
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Author: Horst D. Schulz
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3662042428
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 463
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Book Description
A summary of the latest research in this field. The topics comprise the sedimentological examination and physical properties of the sedimentary solid phase, pore water and pore water constituents, organic matter as the driving force of most microbiological processes, biotic and abiotic redox reactions, carbonates and stable isotopes as proxies for paleoclimate reconstruction, metal enrichments in ferromanganese nodules and crusts as well as in hot vents and cold seeps on the seafloor. The current model conceptions lead to the development of different types of computer models, allowing the global mass exchanges between oceans and sediments to be balanced.
Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) is a globally important process estimated to consume over 384.2 teragrams of the greenhouse gas methane in sediments per year. At least three anaerobic methane oxidizing archaeal groups, ANME-1, -2, -3, which further partition into subgroups, have been implicated in this process. However, none of these organisms have been isolated in pure culture and the ecological and functional dynamics of AOM remain poorly understood. The ANME express a homologue of methyl coenzyme M reductase (Mcr), known to catalyze methane formation in methane-producing archaea. These and other findings suggest that the ANME are capable of oxidizing methane through a reversal of methanogenesis. Although small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU) is a good proxy for the identification of ANME groups, it is not sufficiently divergent to easily distinguish between ANME subgroups. The gene for the alpha subunit of Mcr (mcrA), on the other hand, is divergent enough to resolve fine scale ANME subgroup distributions and is a functional marker for AOM, as well. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of geochemical parameters in the partitioning of ANME-1 and ANME-2 subgroups in coastal seep sediments. Using a set of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays to target the mcrA subgroups, samples were quantified within and between three separate seep sediment sites off the coast of California and correlated to methane, sulfate, sulfide, ammonia and alkalinity measurements. The analysis indicates that methane porewater concentrations dictate the upper limit of total ANME abundance, suggesting it is the sole ANME energy source. ANME-2 population structure was strongly influenced by the defined environmental variables, with differential subgroup partitioning corresponding to sulfate and ammonia gradients. In contrast, the relationship of ANME-1 with chemistry was not well resolved, indicating that other factors, such as competition may be the prime d.
Author: Chiara Cassarini
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 042982730X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 176
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This research investigated new approaches to control anaerobic methane oxidation coupled to sulfate reduction (AOM-SR) and enrich anaerobic methanotrophs (ANME) and sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) with the purpose of designing a suitable bioreactor for AOM-SR at ambient pressure and temperature. The current knowledge about AOM and the microorganisms involved in AOM are discussed. The effect of different substrates and pressures was investigated on the ANME and SRB community adapted to the shallow marine Lake Grevelingen, the Netherlands. Further, microorganisms from the Alpha Mound (Spain) deep sediment were enriched with methane gas as substrate in biotrickling filters (BTF) at ambient conditions for 147-230 days of operation. The effect of alternative sulfur compounds (sulfate, thiosulfate and elemental sulfur) were studied and the microbial community was characterized. The highest AOM and sulfate reduction rates were obtained in the BTF fed with thiosulfate as the electron acceptor (~0.4 mmol l-1 day-1), but the highest number of ANME was visualized in the sulfate fed BTF (ANME-2 43% of the total visualized archaea). A BTF was proposed as a suitable bioreactor for the enrichment of ANME and SRB at ambient pressure and temperature which could be potentially used for future biotechnological applications.
Author: Roel Johannes Wilhelmus Meulepas
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789085853978
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 173
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Author: Melissa Adams
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Microorganisms are central to the cycling of methane on Earth. The anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) is a globally important process in anoxic marine sediments, which is often coupled to the reduction of sulfate by anaerobic methanotroph (ANME) archaea and sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB). However, the environmental and geochemical conditions that constrain these microbial communities remain largely uncharacterized. In this dissertation, I present evidence that methane and C2-C4 alkanes are substantial sources of metabolic energy in sedimented hydrothermal vent systems. Furthermore, these studies demonstrate that AOM and C2-C4 alkane oxidation linked to sulfate reduction (SR) are governed by temperature and substrate availability.
