An Overview of Packaging Waste Models in Some European Countries PDF Download
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Author: Giacomo Di Foggia
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Efficient packaging waste management systems are essential considering recent revisions of the European legislation on packaging waste management that sets ambitious targets. European rules aim to deal with the increasing quantities of packaging waste, which cause environmental problems. Consequently, it is necessary to identify functional packaging waste management systems to achieve these targets effectively and efficiently. However, given the heterogeneity of the different packaging management systems, policymakers, scholars, and industry operators struggle to have a comparative view. The number of non-harmonized laws in force across countries, autonomous recycling targets, and constant updates are prominent problems that make it difficult to obtain comparable information for research, business, and policymaking. To fill this gap, our research question consists of assigning responsibilities for prevention, collection, recycling, and recovery and an overview of some models at a glance with respect to the general governance and functioning of the system. We base our research on a multiple-case design since more cases are examined using complementary data collection methods, analysis of the previous literature, reports, legislation, and business and institutional websites. Our results provide insights from the following cases: Germany, France, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Portugal, Denmark, Spain, and Italy. In addition, policy implications emerge as our insights help overcome barriers in the European market's development caused by the different rules on packaging management and design serving policymakers that aim to harmonize the management of packaging waste. The paper also contains managerial implications for circular economy business models that can be used by managers who aim to design or upgrade their business models according to both recent legislative upgrades and packaging management systems.
Author: Giacomo Di Foggia
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Efficient packaging waste management systems are essential considering recent revisions of the European legislation on packaging waste management that sets ambitious targets. European rules aim to deal with the increasing quantities of packaging waste, which cause environmental problems. Consequently, it is necessary to identify functional packaging waste management systems to achieve these targets effectively and efficiently. However, given the heterogeneity of the different packaging management systems, policymakers, scholars, and industry operators struggle to have a comparative view. The number of non-harmonized laws in force across countries, autonomous recycling targets, and constant updates are prominent problems that make it difficult to obtain comparable information for research, business, and policymaking. To fill this gap, our research question consists of assigning responsibilities for prevention, collection, recycling, and recovery and an overview of some models at a glance with respect to the general governance and functioning of the system. We base our research on a multiple-case design since more cases are examined using complementary data collection methods, analysis of the previous literature, reports, legislation, and business and institutional websites. Our results provide insights from the following cases: Germany, France, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Portugal, Denmark, Spain, and Italy. In addition, policy implications emerge as our insights help overcome barriers in the European market's development caused by the different rules on packaging management and design serving policymakers that aim to harmonize the management of packaging waste. The paper also contains managerial implications for circular economy business models that can be used by managers who aim to design or upgrade their business models according to both recent legislative upgrades and packaging management systems.
Author: European Environment Agency
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 98
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Book Description
Packaging waste is an important and growing waste stream. The amended Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive has recently been adopted, and work is underway to develop EU thematic strategies on waste prevention and recycling and on the sustainable use and management of natural resources. The Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive (hereafter: packaging directive) is one of the few environmentally-related directives to contain directly measurable, quantitative targets. It has now been in place for ten years and this is an opportune time to take stock of this important policy area. The EEA has conducted a pilot study of the effectiveness of packaging waste management systems in five EU Member States with the aim of gaining practical and concrete experience of ex-post policy effectiveness evaluation, and to track progress in this policy area.
Author: Henry Okafor
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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The UK has adopted a market based approach to the EU Directive on Packaging and Packaging Waste in contrast to other Member States like Germany and the Nordic countries where direct levies on packaging are applied. This research thesis explores the effectiveness of the UK Packaging Regulations in reducing the production and use of packaging by obligated companies, encourages the recycling/recovery of packaging waste, and ensures the introduction of packaging waste management related practices. The environmental impact associated with the mandatory recovery and recycling targets were calculated. Yet the growth in packaging waste is a global phenomenon and in contrast, a review of packaging waste recovery systems in developing countries indicates that an informal sector has contributed immensely towards improving recovery of recyclable materials (including packaging materials) and provides recycling services at low cost to the local community. In contrast to the recovery of packaging waste in developing countries, the key stakeholders in the delivery of the UK Packaging Regulations - the reprocessors and obligated producers of packaging waste in UK were surveyed. Evidence indicates that • household packaging waste has become a vital source of supply to re processors and constitutes 31% of all packaging waste recovered for recycling in 2008. The Packaging Recovery Note income generated by the Regulations has facilitated investment in new recycling infrastructure. The domestic reprocessors in theory have the capacity across all material sectors to take an estimated 1,122ktonnes more packaging waste. The examination of the various material sectors indicates that glass and wood capacity would have sufficient capacity to meet the EU targets while paper, plastics and metals are deficient. This means that the export of packaging waste of paper, plastics and metals will be necessary for UK to meet its EU packaging waste recycling obligations. The cost of packaging waste compliance has raised environmental awareness within \, companies but have not stimulated major changes in business behaviour. There is evidence that the cost of compliance has encouraged some packagifJ,g design changes, improved production process to reduce packaging waste, substitution with other packaging materials and the incorporation of recycled content in packaging products. It has also encouraged discussions with suppliers on scope for reducing packaging, progress in take-back systems for recovery packaging and development of individual approaches by companies obligated under the regulations to develop their own approach to collecting evidence of packaging recovery. As part of the research a recycling and performance waste model, the Packaging and Packaging Waste Carbon Model (PPW-CM) was developed to evaluate the flow of C02eq I I which occur as a consequence of existing packaging recycling targets and possible higher targets which might be introduced through the regulations. The results from the model show that keeping the 2010 baseline recycling targets of 60.7% until 2024 will achieve a net C02eq savings of 8.4 million t C02eq while linearly raising the recycling target to 84.7% (level already achieved across Europe in 2009) by 2024 from 2010 baseline will realise an additional 7.2million t C02eq savings - a significant reduction in global warming potential. The model has shown that recycling packaging waste through the infrastructure set up in the UK can deliver against recycling targets and also offers significant environmental benefits expressed in carbon terms. Developing countries also have the potential to deliver similar benefits, but without formal, organised collection systems, will rely on an informal sector to deliver the necessary recycling.
Author: Magnus Hennlock
Publisher: Nordic Council of Ministers
ISBN: 9289338911
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 120
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Book Description
Achieving a high quality of waste plastic materials and recycling processes is a key challenge in closing the resource loops for plastics. This report reviews the status and trends for plastic waste flows and treatment in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. Furthermore, it gives an overview of existing policy instruments and the main challenges for designing policy instruments for improved recycling of plastic waste in these Nordic countries. The report identifies potential market failures associated with closing the resource loops for plastics. It reviews the economics research literature on policy instrument design for achieving optimal recycling rates and makes policy recommendations from the Nordic perspective. Finally, it presents results from a survey on market conditions to managers in the recycling and plastic manufacturing industry in Sweden.
Author: Philippe Latriche
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Packaging waste
Languages : en
Pages : 290
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Book Description
This study examines the impact on Pacific Northwest seafood exporters of the European Union Directive on packaging and packaging waste management. The study of the official text of the proposed Directive was the starting point of our analysis. This allowed us to give a presentation of the EU Directive and to point out what factors would be important in order to assess how the Directive could affect firms and affect them differently whether they are located in the Pacific Northwest or the European Union. An economic model of trade between two countries based on excess supply and excess demand curves was used to represent how the implementation of the European Union Directive would affect the excess supply curve and therefore explain part of the potential impact on the level of exports. In order to assess with more precision the impact on the industry supply in both regions, a case study of seafood companies and packaging suppliers in the Pacific Northwest and the European Union was constructed using surveys at the primary data collection vehicle. From the information obtained from firms and using our economic model of trade between two countries, we showed that European Union firms currently have a modest advantage over Pacific Northwest firms in meeting the requirements of the EU Directive.
Author: Gernot Klepper
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Trevor M. Letcher
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128178817
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 686
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Plastic Waste and Recycling: Environmental Impact, Societal Issues, Prevention, and Solutions begins with an introduction to the different types of plastic materials, their uses, and the concepts of reduce, reuse and recycle before examining plastic types, chemistry and degradation patterns that are organized by non-degradable plastic, degradable and biodegradable plastics, biopolymers and bioplastics. Other sections cover current challenges relating to plastic waste, explain the sources of waste and their routes into the environment, and provide systematic coverage of plastic waste treatment methods, including mechanical processing, monomerization, blast furnace feedstocks, gasification, thermal recycling, and conversion to fuel. This is an essential guide for anyone involved in plastic waste or recycling, including researchers and advanced students across plastics engineering, polymer science, polymer chemistry, environmental science, and sustainable materials. Presents actionable solutions for reducing plastic waste, with a focus on the concepts of collection, re-use, recycling and replacement Considers major societal and environmental issues, providing the reader with a broader understanding and supporting effective implementation Includes detailed case studies from across the globe, offering unique insights into different solutions and approaches
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Akanksha Gupta
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9819708230
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 427
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Author: John Grandfield
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319481444
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1351
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The Light Metals symposia are a key part of the TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition, presenting the most recent developments, discoveries, and practices in primary aluminum science and technology. Publishing the proceedings from these important symposia, the Light Metals volume has become the definitive reference in the field of aluminum production and related light metal technologies. The 2014 collection includes papers from the following symposia: •Alumina and Bauxite •Aluminum Alloys: Fabrication, Characterization and Applications •Aluminum Processing •Aluminum Reduction Technology •Cast Shop for Aluminum Production •Electrode Technology for Aluminum Production •Light-metal Matrix (Nano)-composites
