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Author: Environmental Studies Research Funds (Canada)
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780921652847
Category : Oil spills
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Book Description
Author: Environmental Studies Research Funds (Canada)
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780921652847
Category : Oil spills
Languages : en
Pages : 60
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309380103
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 167
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Book Description
Diluted bitumen has been transported by pipeline in the United States for more than 40 years, with the amount increasing recently as a result of improved extraction technologies and resulting increases in production and exportation of Canadian diluted bitumen. The increased importation of Canadian diluted bitumen to the United States has strained the existing pipeline capacity and contributed to the expansion of pipeline mileage over the past 5 years. Although rising North American crude oil production has resulted in greater transport of crude oil by rail or tanker, oil pipelines continue to deliver the vast majority of crude oil supplies to U.S. refineries. Spills of Diluted Bitumen from Pipelines examines the current state of knowledge and identifies the relevant properties and characteristics of the transport, fate, and effects of diluted bitumen and commonly transported crude oils when spilled in the environment. This report assesses whether the differences between properties of diluted bitumen and those of other commonly transported crude oils warrant modifications to the regulations governing spill response plans and cleanup. Given the nature of pipeline operations, response planning, and the oil industry, the recommendations outlined in this study are broadly applicable to other modes of transportation as well.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 030929889X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 343
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Book Description
U.S. Arctic waters north of the Bering Strait and west of the Canadian border encompass a vast area that is usually ice covered for much of the year, but is increasingly experiencing longer periods and larger areas of open water due to climate change. Sparsely inhabited with a wide variety of ecosystems found nowhere else, this region is vulnerable to damage from human activities. As oil and gas, shipping, and tourism activities increase, the possibilities of an oil spill also increase. How can we best prepare to respond to such an event in this challenging environment? Responding to Oil Spills in the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment reviews the current state of the science regarding oil spill response and environmental assessment in the Arctic region north of the Bering Strait, with emphasis on the potential impacts in U.S. waters. This report describes the unique ecosystems and environment of the Arctic and makes recommendations to provide an effective response effort in these challenging conditions. According to Responding to Oil Spills in the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment, a full range of proven oil spill response technologies is needed in order to minimize the impacts on people and sensitive ecosystems. This report identifies key oil spill research priorities, critical data and monitoring needs, mitigation strategies, and important operational and logistical issues. The Arctic acts as an integrating, regulating, and mediating component of the physical, atmospheric and cryospheric systems that govern life on Earth. Not only does the Arctic serve as regulator of many of the Earth's large-scale systems and processes, but it is also an area where choices made have substantial impact on life and choices everywhere on planet Earth. This report's recommendations will assist environmentalists, industry, state and local policymakers, and anyone interested in the future of this special region to preserve and protect it from damaging oil spills.
Author: William F. Holt
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Oil pollution of rivers, harbors, etc
Languages : en
Pages : 34
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Book Description
"A series of catastrophic oil spills in the last five years has caused governments and governmental institutions at the local, national, regional, and international level to reconsider past decisions on appropriate levels and types of oil spill response capabilities, including salvage. This initiative has generally been undertaken by developed countries, but some emerging economies and, to a lesser extent, developing countries, have begun to view large scale oil spills as a potential threat to their interests and are taking action to provide protection for important resources. This paper reviews the recent developments in the decision-making processes used by governments in determining the level and type of oil spill response capability and surveys oil spill response systems in selected countries. This review and survey provide for the deviation of general principles that could be used by governments in future considerations of this issue. The current international legal regime for oil spill response, including the newly enacted International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response, and Cooperation, 1990 (OPRC) is examined to determine if adequate instruments are in place for a global and comprehensive approach to oil pollution. There is a significant gap in the existing legal regime insofar as a satisfactory funding mechanism for oil spills, threatening the resources of developing countries, in particular. A new approach is required, ensuring an adequate level of protection for any nation threatened with a catastrophic spill, founded on the application of the general principles for determining oil spill response capability"--Abstract.
Author: International Maritime Organization
Publisher: IMO Publishing
ISBN: 9789280113303
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 80
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Book Description
This edition of Section II provides guidance to governments, particularly those of developing countries, on ways and means of establishing a response organization and preparing contingency plans. It takes into account the International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Co-operation (OPRC), 1990, and other new developments in oil pollution emergency preparedness and response.
Author: Anireju Emmanuel Dudun
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783668623958
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 20
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Book Description
Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2012 in the subject Environmental Sciences, course: Petroleum Engineering, language: English, abstract: Oil spill is one of the most dangerous side effects of crude oil exploration and production in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria. Its resultant effect on the environment, surface body of water, ground water, and biodiversity signifies that if appropriate measures of management are not put in place, the Niger delta's coastal habitat and inland habitat will no longer be habitat able. This paper examines the prevailing policies and procedure for the oil spill contingency planning in the Nigeria and identifies problems associated with the response action to oil spill incidents in the Niger Delta region. It also proffers solution to the problems, drawing on the wealth of experience gained from the oil spill preparedness and response put in place by some government agencies and operators across the globe. Based on this, the paper proposes a Quantitative risk based approach for the oil spill preparedness and response in the Niger Delta. This approach involves the quantification of risk as result of the probability of an event occurring and the impact potential of the event. Hence hazards and risks can be pre-determined and effective strategies could be developed to mitigate the impacts of potential oil spills.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309478219
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 341
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Book Description
Whether the result of an oil well blowout, vessel collision or grounding, leaking pipeline, or other incident at sea, each marine oil spill will present unique circumstances and challenges. The oil type and properties, location, time of year, duration of spill, water depth, environmental conditions, affected biomes, potential human community impact, and available resources may vary significantly. Also, each spill may be governed by policy guidelines, such as those set forth in the National Response Plan, Regional Response Plans, or Area Contingency Plans. To respond effectively to the specific conditions presented during an oil spill, spill responders have used a variety of response optionsâ€"including mechanical recovery of oil using skimmers and booms, in situ burning of oil, monitored natural attenuation of oil, and dispersion of oil by chemical dispersants. Because each response method has advantages and disadvantages, it is important to understand specific scenarios where a net benefit may be achieved by using a particular tool or combination of tools. This report builds on two previous National Research Council reports on dispersant use to provide a current understanding of the state of science and to inform future marine oil spill response operations. The response to the 2010 Deepwater Horizon spill included an unprecedented use of dispersants via both surface application and subsea injection. The magnitude of the spill stimulated interest and funding for research on oil spill response, and dispersant use in particular. This study assesses the effects and efficacy of dispersants as an oil spill response tool and evaluates trade-offs associated with dispersant use.
Author: International Maritime Organization
Publisher: IMO Publishing
ISBN: 9789280115123
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Book Description
Manual on Oil Spill Risk Evaluation and Assessment of Response Preparedness, 2009 Edition. This Manual provides: information on oil spill risk evaluation and assessment for the development of preparedness and response; guidance for industry and governments, particularly those of developing countries, in assessing risk and the adequacy of contingency plans; and suggestions on how to resolve the potentially complex and varied issues of the assessment process
Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : United States
Languages : en
Pages : 1102
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Book Description
Author: Dibyendu Sarkar
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118744349
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 619
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Book Description
Covers the most recent topics in the field of environmental management and provides a broad focus on the theoretical and methodological underpinnings of environmental management Provides an up-to-date survey of the field from the perspective of different disciplines Covers the topic of environmental management from multiple perspectives, namely, natural sciences, engineering, business, social sciences, and methods and tools perspectives Combines both academic rigor and practical approach through literature reviews and theories and examples and case studies from diverse geographic areas and policy domains Explores local and global issues of environmental management and analyzes the role of various contributors in the environmental management process Chapter contents are appropriately demonstrated with numerous pictures, charts, graphs, and tables, and accompanied by a detailed reference list for further readings
