An Analysis of the Shock Initiation of Granular Explosives by the Gas Compression -conduction Mechanism PDF Download
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Author: C. M. Ablow
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 30
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Book Description
The role of the gas compression-conduction mechanism in shock initiation of granular materials was studied by analyzing the dependence of grain surface temperature on the magnitude of the shock and the relative sizes of grain and surrounding volume of interstitial gas. It is shown that at one atmosphere initial ambient pressure the mechanism can be a contributing factor to initiation if particle size distribution or particle irregularity leads to the existence of small particles surrounded by large, gas-filled spaces; the required sizes are possible for real materials. At low pressures (approximately 10 microns Hg) on the other hand, it is unlikely that the mechanism is a contributing factor. Since in practice these granular masses can be shock-initiated independent of initial ambient pressure, the conclusion is that at least one primary initiation mechanism other than gas compression-conduction plays a role.
Author: C. M. Ablow
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 30
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Book Description
The role of the gas compression-conduction mechanism in shock initiation of granular materials was studied by analyzing the dependence of grain surface temperature on the magnitude of the shock and the relative sizes of grain and surrounding volume of interstitial gas. It is shown that at one atmosphere initial ambient pressure the mechanism can be a contributing factor to initiation if particle size distribution or particle irregularity leads to the existence of small particles surrounded by large, gas-filled spaces; the required sizes are possible for real materials. At low pressures (approximately 10 microns Hg) on the other hand, it is unlikely that the mechanism is a contributing factor. Since in practice these granular masses can be shock-initiated independent of initial ambient pressure, the conclusion is that at least one primary initiation mechanism other than gas compression-conduction plays a role.
Author: United States. Air Force. Office of Aerospace Research
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 682
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Author: Blaine Asay
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540879536
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 630
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Book Description
Los Alamos National Laboratory is an incredible place. It was conceived and born amidst the most desperate of circumstances. It attracted some of the most brilliant minds, the most innovative entrepreneurs, and the most c- ative tinkerers of that generation. Out of that milieu emerged physics and engineering that beforehand was either unimagined, or thought to be f- tasy. One of the ?elds essentially invented during those years was the science of precision high explosives. Before 1942, explosives were used in munitions and commercial pursuits that demanded proper chemistry and con?nement for the necessary e?ect, but little else. The needs and requirements of the Manhattan project were of a much more precise and speci?c nature. Spatial and temporal speci?cations were reduced from centimeters and milliseconds to micrometers and nanoseconds. New theory and computational tools were required along with a raft of new experimental techniques and novel ways of interpreting the results. Over the next 40 years, the emphasis was on higher energy in smaller packages, more precise initiation schemes, better and safer formulations, and greater accuracy in forecasting performance. Researchers from many institutions began working in the emerging and expanding ?eld. In the midst of all of the work and progress in precision initiation and scienti?c study, in the early 1960s, papers began to appear detailing the ?rst quantitative studies of the transition from de?agration to detonation (DDT), ?rst in cast, then in pressed explosives, and ?nally in propellants.
Author: United States. Air Force. Office of Aerospace Research
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Astronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 528
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 240
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Category : Research
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 858
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Author:
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Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 776
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 892
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![Short-pulse Shock Initiation of Granular Explosives. [PBX-9404]. PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/_yX_wQEACAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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An experimental investigation has examined how different rates of unloading affect the release of chemical energy in a granular explosive experiencing transient shock compression. A compressed-gas gun was used to generate two types of short-pulse shocks in the explosive PBX-9404. A shock pressure of 3.2 GPa sustained for 0.37 .mu.s was produced in both cases, but differences in flyer-plate properties resulted in different unloading histories. In one case the impact interface was rapidly unloaded by the initial release wave, while in the second case the unloading required multiple release waves over several microseconds. A VISAR system was used to observe the evolution of these two waves for distances up to 10 mm. The recorded waveforms showed that the unloading rates had a dominant effect on chemical energy release and growth towards detonation. This effect is important for considerations of critical impact criteria, and should provide a strong test for predictive shock-initiation models.
