Bee Pollination in Agricultural Ecosystems PDF Download
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Author: Rosalind R. James
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0195316959
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 247
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Book Description
This book discusses the interplay among bees, agriculture and the environment. Both managed and wild bees are critical for successful pollination of numerous fruit, vegetable, oilseed and legume seed crops and are considered here. So is treatment of how bees also impact the agro-ecosystem in ways beyond simple pollination, such as by transporting pollen from genetically modified plants and by enhancing biological control strategies. The principles and examples are international. The concept is in line with current thinking of pollination as an important ecological process, and an understanding of agriculture as disturbance ecology.
Author: Rosalind R. James
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0195316959
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 247
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Book Description
This book discusses the interplay among bees, agriculture and the environment. Both managed and wild bees are critical for successful pollination of numerous fruit, vegetable, oilseed and legume seed crops and are considered here. So is treatment of how bees also impact the agro-ecosystem in ways beyond simple pollination, such as by transporting pollen from genetically modified plants and by enhancing biological control strategies. The principles and examples are international. The concept is in line with current thinking of pollination as an important ecological process, and an understanding of agriculture as disturbance ecology.
Author: Norman Dale Waters
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alfalfa
Languages : en
Pages : 6
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Book Description
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309102898
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 327
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Book Description
Pollinators-insects, birds, bats, and other animals that carry pollen from the male to the female parts of flowers for plant reproduction-are an essential part of natural and agricultural ecosystems throughout North America. For example, most fruit, vegetable, and seed crops and some crops that provide fiber, drugs, and fuel depend on animals for pollination. This report provides evidence for the decline of some pollinator species in North America, including America's most important managed pollinator, the honey bee, as well as some butterflies, bats, and hummingbirds. For most managed and wild pollinator species, however, population trends have not been assessed because populations have not been monitored over time. In addition, for wild species with demonstrated declines, it is often difficult to determine the causes or consequences of their decline. This report outlines priorities for research and monitoring that are needed to improve information on the status of pollinators and establishes a framework for conservation and restoration of pollinator species and communities.
Author: Philip F. Torchio
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alfalfa
Languages : en
Pages : 216
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Book Description
The study involves the establishment, management, and behavioral observations of Nomia melanderi Cockerell and Megachile rotundata (Fabricius) in California, a survey of native bees within western Fresno County, a determination of selfing and/or parthenocarpy in two fields of alfalfa, and observations on the honeybee as an alfalfa pollinator. The alkali bee is characterized. It is an endemic species limited to western North America. Eight artificial alkali bee nesting sites were constructed during the establishment program. Details of materials used during construction and their importance are discussed. Alkali bee cores used for introduction into California were procured in eastern Oregon and western Idaho, trucked to California, and planted in artificial sites. The heavy usage of insecticides in the area of study proved to be the greatest problem in the survival of the alkali bee. Observed toxicities of Dimethoate, Sevin, Malathion, Systex-Toxaphene, Toxaphene, DDT, Phosdrin, Dibrom, TEPP, Dylox, and Kelthane on the alkali bee were compared. The occurrence of multiple generations of the alkali bee in California is reported. Explanation of this behavior is based upon high soil temperatures (82° F. and above) during the nesting season. The importance of multiple generations is discussed. Biologies and importance of alkali bee parasites in California are described. Procedures for the control of some species are outlined. Methods of constructing trap nests for Megachile rotundata and their distribution throughout the San Joaquin Valley are described. Collections of these trap nests were then made and placed in one field so that readings on frequency of tripping, number of pollen loads required to provision cells, and time required to collect leafcuttings could be made. Observations on mating positions were described. The smallest males and largest females were reproductively isolated because of size difference. Parasites (Melittobia chalybii Ashmead and Monodontomeris montivagus Ashmead) and competitors (Ashmediella aridula Cockerell and Hylaeus grossicornis (Swenk and Cockerell) of Megachile rotundata are discussed. Melittobia chalybii Ashmead, a chalcid wasp, is potentially the most serious parasite and could decide the success or failure of M. rotundata in California. A survey of native bees was made in the area of study. Eight native species were found and their biologies described. Preferred pollen host plants were determined. Reasons why native bee biologies should be studied and understood are given. Two cages, one placed in a Tan Verde seed field and the second in a Ranger field, were used to calculate amount of seed produced from pathways other than by cross-pollination. Comparison of seed harvested from caged plots and field plots indicated that seed produced by non cross-pollination mechanisms could account for the average seed yields in California during recent years. Germination tests indicated, however, that seed produced by mechanisms other than cross-pollination is inferior. Only seven honey bees were observed collecting alfalfa pollen throughout the period of study. Consequently, no valid comparison between its pollinating capacity and that of wild bees could be made.
Author: Eric Mader
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781933395203
Category : Bee culture
Languages : en
Pages : 162
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Book Description
"Examines the history of the British fire service from 1800-1980, embracing certain key themes of modern British history: the impact of industrial change on urban development, the effect of disaster on political reform, the growth of the state, and the relationship between masculinity and trade unionism in creating a professional identity"--Provided by publisher.
Author: George M. Briggs
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781942341826
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Charles Vancouver Piper
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 56
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Book Description
Author: Robert John Walstrom
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 20
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Book Description
Author: George Haymaker Vansell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alfalfa
Languages : en
Pages : 12
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Book Description
Author: Natalie Kira Boyle
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alfalfa
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
We evaluated the impact of migratory beekeeping practices on transgenic pollen flow between spatially isolated alfalfa fields by permitting honey bees, Apis mellifera, to openly forage upon transgenic alfalfa blossoms, and transporting them 112 km to forage on caged conventional alfalfa following either 8 or 32 hours of isolation from the transgenic source. Cross-pollination between transgenic and conventional alfalfa was nearly eliminated (0.00008%) following eight hours of isolation from the transgenic source.
