Author: Feyyaz Emre Sancar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Adaptive control systems
Languages : en
Pages : 116
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Book Description
As low-cost reliable sensors are introduced to market, research efforts in autonomous driving are increasing. Traffic congestion is a major problem for nearly all metropolis'. Assistive driving technologies like cruise control and adaptive cruise control are widely available today. While these control systems ease the task of driving, the driver still needs to be fully alert at all times. While these existing structures are helpful in alleviating the stress of driving to a certain extent, they are not enough to improve traffic flow. Two main causes of congestion are slow response of drivers to their surroundings, and situations like highway ramp merges or lane closures. This thesis will address both of these issues. A modified version of the widely available adaptive cruise control systems, known as cooperative adaptive cruise control, can work at all speeds with additional wireless communication that improves stability of the controller. These structures can tolerate much smaller desired spacing and can safely work in stop and go traffic. This thesis proposes a new control structure that combines conventional cooperative adaptive cruise control with rear end collision check. This approach is capable of avoiding rear end collisions with the following car, as long as it can still maintain the safe distance with the preceding vehicle. This control structure is mainly intended for use with partially automated highways, where there is a risk of being rear-ended while following a car with adaptive cruise control. Simulation results also shows that use of bidirectional cooperative adaptive cruise control also helps to strengthen the string stability of the platoon. Two different control structures are used to accomplish this task: MPC and PD based switching controller. Model predictive control (MPC) structure works well for the purpose of bidirectional platoon control. This control structure can adapt to the changes in the plant with the use of a parameter estimator. Constraints are set to make sure that the controller outputs are always within the boundaries of the plant. Also these constraints assures that a certain gap will always be kept with the preceding vehicle. PD based switching controller offers an alternative to the MPC structure. Main advantage of this control structure is that it is designed to be robust to certain level of sensor noise. Both these control structures gave good simulation results. The thesis makes use of the control structures developed in the earlier chapters to continue developing structures to alleviate traffic congestions. Two merging schemes are proposed to find a solution to un-signaled merging and lane closures. First problem deals with situations where necessary levels of communication is not present to inform surrounding drivers of merging intention. Second structure proposes a merging protocol for cases where two platoons are approaching a lane closure. This structure makes use of the modified cooperative adaptive cruise control structures proposed earlier in the thesis.
Author: Jiaqi Ma
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 120
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Book Description
The purpose of this document is to describe the research, including simulations and a field experiment, involving the operation of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) on managed lanes. The scenarios associated with this concept were chosen and designed to facilitate rapid and successful deployment of a solution that is not yet in use. The proposed operation involves deploying platoons of CAV-equipped vehicles that are governed by an integrated set of speed-harmonization, cooperative-merge, and cooperative-adaptive-cruise-control (CACC) applications. The concept accounts for CACC-vehicle behaviors in the vicinity (both upstream and downstream) of managed-lane entry ramps. The concept further addresses platooning and cooperative merging on the managed lane. The concept was simulated, and potential improvements were quantified. The results were then implemented in a small number of real vehicles and tested on a real roadway under controlled conditions and in mixed traffic.
Author: Stacy A. Balk
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Automobiles
Languages : en
Pages : 29
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Book Description
This study is the second in a series of four experiments exploring human factors issues associated with the introduction of cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC). Specifically, this study explored drivers’ abilities to merge into a stream of continuously moving vehicles in a dedicated lane. Participants were asked to complete one of three different types of merges in the Federal Highway Administration Highway Driving Simulator: Merge with non-CACC vehicle into a left dedicated lane without CACC platooning and varying vehicle gaps. Merge with CACC vehicle into the middle of a CACC platoon or continuous stream of vehicles without speed assistance. Merge with CACC vehicle into a CACC platoon with longitudinal speed assistance. As measured by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index, drivers’ perceived workload was significantly less for both groups that drove with the CACC system engaged than for the group that was required to manually maintain speed the entire drive. Perhaps surprisingly, participant condition did not significantly affect physiological arousal as assessed by galvanic skin response (GSR). However, across all groups, GSR was significantly greater during the merges than during cruising/straight highway driving time periods. The participants who drove with the CACC system during the merges (as defined by the operation of the system) did not experience any collisions. Both groups that were required to manually adjust speed to merge into the platoon of vehicles experienced collisions in 24 (18 percent) of the merges, suggesting that some gaps may be too small for drivers to merge into at high speeds. An alternative explanation, supported by participant feedback, is that drivers expect others to act in a courteous manner and to create larger gaps for entrance onto a freeway—something that may not be possible in real-world CACC deployment.
Author: Carl Holton Gibson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 164
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Book Description
Author: Christoph Stiller
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031604946
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 601
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Book Description
Author: Dun Han
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 283255329X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 205
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Book Description
This research topic centers on the practical application of game theory and optimization methods to address complex challenges in real-world contexts. At its core, game theory provides a framework for analyzing strategic interactions among rational decision-makers, while optimization techniques are designed to seek the most favorable outcomes. These tools have proven to be powerful assets across a wide range of domains, from economics and computer science to social sciences and engineering. The following objectives guide this exploration: (i) Understanding Game Theory and Optimization in Real-world Contexts: This objective involves investigating how these mathematical constructs are applied to model and resolve problems across various fields. (ii) Analyzing the Effectiveness of Game Theory and Optimization Techniques: This involves studying real-world case studies and practical applications with the goal of evaluating the performance and efficiency of these methods in practice. (iii) Identifying Potential Areas for Effective Application of Game Theory and Optimization: This objective aims to pinpoint sectors or disciplines that may significantly benefit from the application of these mathematical techniques. The goal of this Research Topic in Frontiers in Physics aims to produce a comprehensive understanding of the real-world applications of game theory and optimization, highlighting their practical impact and potential for future use. It will provide valuable insights for professionals and researchers working in the fields where these techniques can be applied and contribute to the body of knowledge in game theory and optimization. Potential topics include but are not limited to the following: 1. Economics and Business: How are game theory and optimization used to make strategic business decisions and to understand economic phenomena? 2. Computer Science: How do these techniques contribute to areas like network design, machine learning, and algorithm development? 3. Social Sciences: How can game theory and optimization help in understanding social dynamics, designing policies, and resolving conflicts? 4. Engineering and Operations Research: How are these techniques utilized in system design, process optimization, and decision-making?
Author: Radu Popescu-Zeletin
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540771433
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 116
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Book Description
Universal vehicular communication promises many improvements in terms of ac- dent avoidance and mitigation, better utilization of roads and resources such as time and fuel, and new opportunities for infotainment applications. However, before widespread acceptance, vehicular communication must meet challenges comparable to the trouble and disbelief that accompanied the introduction of traf c lights back then. The rst traf c light was installed in 1868 in London to signal railway, but only later, in 1912, was invented the rst red-green electric traf c light. And roughly 50 years after the rst traf c light, in 1920, the rst four-way traf c signal comparable to our today’s traf c lights was introduced. The introduction of traf c signals was necessary after automobiles soon became prevalent once the rst car in history, actually a wooden motorcycle, was constructed in 1885. Soon, the scene became complicated, requiring the introduction of the “right-of-way” philosophy and later on the very rst traf c light. In the same way the traf c light was a necessary mean to regulate the beginning of the automotive life and to protect drivers, passengers, as well as pedestrians and other inhabitants of the road infrastructure, vehicular communication is necessary to accommodate the further growth of traf c volume and to signi cantly reduce the number of accidents.
Author: Jinwhan Kim
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030976726
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 619
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Book Description
This book aims at serving the researchers and practitioners in related fields with a timely dissemination of the recent progress on robotics and artificial intelligence. This book is based on a collection of papers presented at the 9th International Conference on Robot Intelligence Technology and Applications (RiTA), held at KAIST in Daejeon, Korea, in a hybrid format, on December 16–17, 2021. Humankind is getting through the third year of COVID-19 pandemic. While this pandemic has made everyone’s life so challenging, it has also expedited transition of our everyday lives into a new form, often called “the new normal.” Although many people often use the terminology, perhaps we still do not have a consensus about what it is and what is should be like. One thing that is clear is that robotics and artificial intelligence technologies are playing critical roles in this phase transition of our everyday lives. We see last-mile delivery robots on the street, AI-embedded service robots in the restaurants, uninhabited shops, non-face-to-face medical services, conferences and talks in metaverses and AI-based online education programs. For better readability, the total of 53 papers are grouped into four chapters: Chapter I: Motion Planning and Control; Chapter II: Design and Robot Application; Chapter III: Sensing, Perception and Recognition; and Chapter IV: Cognition, Autonomy and Intelligence. For those who have research on robot intelligence technology, we believe this book will help them understand the recent robot technologies and applications and enhance their study.
Author: Antonio Sciarretta
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030241270
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 294
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Book Description
This book elaborates the science and engineering basis for energy-efficient driving in conventional and autonomous cars. After covering the physics of energy-efficient motion in conventional, hybrid, and electric powertrains, the book chiefly focuses on the energy-saving potential of connected and automated vehicles. It reveals how being connected to other vehicles and the infrastructure enables the anticipation of upcoming driving-relevant factors, e.g. hills, curves, slow traffic, state of traffic signals, and movements of nearby vehicles. In turn, automation allows vehicles to adjust their motion more precisely in anticipation of upcoming events, and to save energy. Lastly, the energy-efficient motion of connected and automated vehicles could have a harmonizing effect on mixed traffic, leading to additional energy savings for neighboring vehicles. Building on classical methods of powertrain modeling, optimization, and optimal control, the book further develops the theory of energy-efficient driving. In addition, it presents numerous theoretical and applied case studies that highlight the real-world implications of the theory developed. The book is chiefly intended for undergraduate and graduate engineering students and industry practitioners with a background in mechanical, electrical, or automotive engineering, computer science or robotics.
Author: Johannes Edelmann
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351966715
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 726
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Book Description
The AVEC symposium is a leading international conference in the fields of vehicle dynamics and advanced vehicle control, bringing together scientists and engineers from academia and automotive industry. The first symposium was held in 1992 in Yokohama, Japan. Since then, biennial AVEC symposia have been established internationally and have considerably contributed to the progress of technology in automotive research and development. In 2016 the 13th International Symposium on Advanced Vehicle Control (AVEC’16) was held in Munich, Germany, from 13th to 16th of September 2016. The symposium was hosted by the Munich University of Applied Sciences. AVEC’16 puts a special focus on automatic driving, autonomous driving functions and driver assist systems, integrated control of interacting control systems, controlled suspension systems, active wheel torque distribution, and vehicle state and parameter estimation. 132 papers were presented at the symposium and are published in these proceedings as full paper contributions. The papers review the latest research developments and practical applications in highly relevant areas of vehicle control, and may serve as a reference for researchers and engineers.
