A Systems Biology Approach to Understanding and Improving Butanol Production in Clostridium Beijerinckii PDF Download
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Languages : en
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Author: Chao Ma
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 214
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As a sustainable and environmentally friendly biofuel, biobutanol is a potential substitute for gasoline without any engine modification. The multiple Omics studies were applied to evaluate the change of the expression of host protein and intracellular metabolism in Clostridium tyrobutyricum in response to butanol production. The key enzymes related to carbon balance (i.e. acid and solvent end products and carbohydrates in central pathway), redox balance, energy balance, and cell growth has been studied. It was found that rebalancing both carbon and redox was critical to improve butanol production. These findings were used to achieve high production of biobutanol via integrated metabolic cell-process engineering (MCPE). In a comparative genomics study, the wild type C. tyrobutyricum, the metabolically engineered mutant with down-regulated acetate kinase and evolutionarily engineered strain showing fast cell growth were used to evaluated in butyrate fermentation at pH 6.0 and 37 oC. It was found that the cell growth rate was increased by 61-100% and butyrate productivity was improved by 44-102% by the evolutionarily engineered strain. To understand the mechanism of butyric acid production and cell growth regulation in engineered C. tyrobutyricum mutant, a comparative genomics study was performed. It was concluded that the genome mutations in transcription, translation, amino acid and phosphate transportation and cofactor binding might play important role in regulating cell growth and butyric acid production. Comparative proteomics, which covered 78.1% of open reading frames and 95% of core enzymes, was performed using wild type, mutant producing 37.30 g/L of butyrate and mutant producing 16.68 g/L of butanol. Carbon regulation enzymes in the central metabolic pathway that correlated with butanol production were identified, including thiolase (thl), acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (ato), 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase (hbd) and crotonase (crt). The apparent imbalance of energy and redox was also observed due to the downregulation of acids production and the addition of butanol synthesis pathway. The understanding of the mechanism of carbon redistribution enabled the rational design of metabolic cell and process engineering strategies were revealed to achieve high butanol production in C. tyrobutyricum. With the fundamental understanding, the C. tyrobutyricum was metabolically engineered by rebalancing carbon and redox simultaneously. The overexpression of aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase (adhE2) and formate dehydrogenase (fdh) improved butanol titer by 2.15 fold in serum bottle and 2.72 fold in bioreactor. In addition, the proteomics study and metabolite analysis showed that more than 90% of the amino acid in the medium was consumed before the cell entered the stationary phase and some enzymes involved in amino acid metabolism had low expression in butanol producing mutant. Extra yeast extract or casamino acids was fed to the free-cell fermentation the mid-log phase, improving the butanol titer to more than 18 g/L compared to 14 g/L without extra nitrogen supplement. The rational metabolic cell-process engineering facilitated with systems biology understanding was demonstrated a powerful approach in butanol production. Finally, the C. tyrobutyricum was further rationally engineered by integrating multiple regualtors, including 1) heterologous NAD+-fdh that provides extra reducing power, 2) the thiolase (thl) that redirects metabolic flux from C2 to C4, and 3) AdhE2. Two novel mutatns, ACKKO-adhE2-fdh and ACKKO-thl-adhE2-fdh, were constructed and produced 18.37 g/L and 19.41 g/L, respectively. This study demonstrated that systems biology-based metabolic cell-process engineering of C. tyrobutyricum enabled a high production of butanol.
Author: Sang Yup Lee
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 352782345X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1075
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Book Description
Learn more about foundational and advanced topics in metabolic engineering in this comprehensive resource edited by leaders in the field Metabolic Engineering: Concepts and Applications delivers a one-stop resource for readers seeking a complete description of the concepts, models, and applications of metabolic engineering. This guide offers practical insights into the metabolic engineering of major cell lines, including E. Coli, Bacillus and Yarrowia Lipolytica, and organisms, including human, animal, and plant). The distinguished editors also offer readers resources on microbiome engineering and the use of metabolic engineering in bioremediation. Written in two parts, Metabolic Engineering begins with the essential models and strategies of the field, like Flux Balance Analysis, Quantitative Flux Analysis, and Proteome Constrained Models. It also provides an overview of topics like Pathway Design, Metabolomics, and Genome Editing of Bacteria and Eukarya. The second part contains insightful descriptions of the practical applications of metabolic engineering, including specific examples that shed light on the topics within. In addition to subjects like the metabolic engineering of animals, humans, and plants, you’ll learn more about: Metabolic engineering concepts and a historical perspective on their development The different modes of analysis, including flux balance analysis and quantitative flux analysis An illuminating and complete discussion of the thermodynamics of metabolic pathways The Genome architecture of E. coli, as well as genome editing of both bacteria and eukarya An in-depth treatment of the application of metabolic engineering techniques to organisms including corynebacterial, bacillus, and pseudomonas, and more Perfect for students of biotechnology, bioengineers, and biotechnologists, Metabolic Engineering: Concepts and Applications also has a place on the bookshelves of research institutes, biotechnological institutes and industry labs, and university libraries. It's comprehensive treatment of all relevant metabolic engineering concepts, models, and applications will be of use to practicing biotechnologists and bioengineers who wish to solidify their understanding of the field.
Author: Neha Srivastava
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811570701
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 238
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Book Description
Converting biomass to biofuels involves hydrolyzing cellulose to sugars using cost-intensive commercial enzymes – an expensive step that makes large-scale production economically non-viable. As such, there is a need for low-cost bioprocessing. This book critically evaluates the available bioprocessing technologies for various biofuels, and presents the latest research in the field. It also highlights the recent developments, current challenges and viable alternative approaches to reduce the overall cost of producing biofuels.
Author: Rafael Luque
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN: 3110342421
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 204
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Book Description
In times of declining fossil stocks, science and industry have to find alternative resources for the production of fuels and chemicals. This book presents techniques for the utilization of biomass and waste as raw materials for the production of platform molecules, biopolymers, bioplastics, and bioethanol. Latest research results as well as industrial application thereof are discussed.
Author: Christoph Wittmann
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400745346
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 391
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Book Description
Systems Metabolic Engineering is changing the way microbial cell factories are designed and optimized for industrial production. Integrating systems biology and biotechnology with new concepts from synthetic biology enables the global analysis and engineering of microorganisms and bioprocesses at super efficiency and versatility otherwise not accessible. Without doubt, systems metabolic engineering is a major driver towards bio-based production of chemicals, materials and fuels from renewables and thus one of the core technologies of global green growth. In this book, Christoph Wittmann and Sang-Yup Lee have assembled the world leaders on systems metabolic engineering and cover the full story – from genomes and networks via discovery and design to industrial implementation practises. This book is a comprehensive resource for students and researchers from academia and industry interested in systems metabolic engineering. It provides us with the fundaments to targeted engineering of microbial cells for sustainable bio-production and stimulates those who are interested to enter this exiting research field.
Author: L. Dijkshoorn
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080537480
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 371
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Book Description
Rapid molecular identification and typing of micro-organisms is extremely important in efforts to monitor the geographical spread of virulent, epidemic or antibiotic-resistant pathogens. It has become a mainstay of integrated hospital infection control service. In addition, numerous industrial and biotechnological applications require the study of the diversity of organisms. Conventional phenotypic identification and typing methods have long been the mainstay of microbial population and epidemiological studies, but such methods often lack adequate discrimination and their use is normally confined to the group of organisms for which they were originally devised. Molecular fingerprinting methods have flourished in recent years and many of these new methods can be applied to numerous different organisms for a variety of purposes. Standardisation of these methods is vitally important. In addition, the generation of large numbers of complex fingerprint profiles requires that a computer-assisted strategy is used for the formation and analysis of databases. The purpose of this book is to describe the best fingerprinting methods that are currently available and the computer-assisted strategies that can be used for analysis and exchange of data between laboratories. This book is dedicated to the memory of Jan Ursing (1926 - 2000), Swedish microbiologist, taxonomist and philosopher. "...taxonomy is on the borders of philosophy because we do not know the natural continuities and discontinuities..."
Author: Edward F. DeLong
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783642301193
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 567
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Book Description
The Prokaryotes is a comprehensive, multi-authored, peer reviewed reference work on Bacteria and Achaea. This fourth edition of The Prokaryotes is organized to cover all taxonomic diversity, using the family level to delineate chapters. Different from other resources, this new Springer product includes not only taxonomy, but also prokaryotic biology and technology of taxa in a broad context. Technological aspects highlight the usefulness of prokaryotes in processes and products, including biocontrol agents and as genetics tools. The content of the expanded fourth edition is divided into two parts: Part 1 contains review chapters dealing with the most important general concepts in molecular, applied and general prokaryote biology; Part 2 describes the known properties of specific taxonomic groups. Two completely new sections have been added to Part 1: bacterial communities and human bacteriology. The bacterial communities section reflects the growing realization that studies on pure cultures of bacteria have led to an incomplete picture of the microbial world for two fundamental reasons: the vast majority of bacteria in soil, water and associated with biological tissues are currently not culturable, and that an understanding of microbial ecology requires knowledge on how different bacterial species interact with each other in their natural environment. The new section on human microbiology deals with bacteria associated with healthy humans and bacterial pathogenesis. Each of the major human diseases caused by bacteria is reviewed, from identifying the pathogens by classical clinical and non-culturing techniques to the biochemical mechanisms of the disease process. The 4th edition of The Prokaryotes is the most complete resource on the biology of prokaryotes. The following volumes are published consecutively within the 4th Edition: Prokaryotic Biology and Symbiotic Associations Prokaryotic Communities and Ecophysiology Prokaryotic Physiology and Biochemistry Applied Bacteriology and Biotechnology Human Microbiology Actinobacteria Firmicutes Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria Gammaproteobacteria Deltaproteobacteria and Epsilonproteobacteria Other Major Lineages of Bacteria and the Archaea
Author: Juan Gabriel Segovia-Hernandez
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
ISBN: 0323998054
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 406
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Book Description
Advances and Developments in Biobutanol Production is a comprehensive reference on the production and purification of biobutanol, from the fundamentals to the latest advances. Focusing on selection of biomass, choice of pretreatments, biochemistry and design of fermentation, purification and biofuel application, the book also provides details on biorefinery design, lifecycle analysis, and offers perspectives on future developments. Through detailed analysis, chapters show readers how to overcome the challenges associated with the correct selection of raw material and adequate biomass pretreatment, the selection of microorganisms for fermenting biomass sugars, the purification of effluent coming from fermentation, and the high energy demands of production. Solutions are supported by step-by-step guidance on methodologies and processes, with lab and industry-scale case studies providing real-world examples of their implementation. This book provides readers with a unique and comprehensive reference on the production of biobutanol for biofuel that will be of interest to graduates, researchers and professionals involved in bioenergy and renewable energy. - Presents a holistic approach to the production and purification of biobutanol and its use as the high-value bioproduct - Provides solutions to the major challenges and bottlenecks in biobutanol production, including feedstock, pretreatment, purification, fermentation, high energy demand and recover costs - Offers step-by-step guidance on processes and procedures and describes their applications alongside real-world case studies
Author: Peter Duerre
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 113550198X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1451
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Book Description
Clostridia is one of the largest bacterial genera with an enormous potential for biotechnical and medical applications. Despite growing scientific, medical, and industrial interest, information on basic methods, biochemical fundamentals, clinical practice, industrial applications, and novel developments remains scattered in a variety of research ar
