A System for Efficient Neural Stimulation with Energy Recovery PDF Download
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Author: Shawn Kevin Kelly
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 195
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Book Description
(Cont.) Electrodes are switched through a series of steps, and each step is maintained at its prescribed voltage by a controlled synchronous rectifier, which charges the supply capacitor from a single AC secondary power coil. This novel architecture uses less than half of the power used by an aggressively designed current source stimulator with the same voltage rails, and about one-third of the power consumed by typical stimulators used for this function.
Author: Shawn Kevin Kelly
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 195
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Book Description
(Cont.) Electrodes are switched through a series of steps, and each step is maintained at its prescribed voltage by a controlled synchronous rectifier, which charges the supply capacitor from a single AC secondary power coil. This novel architecture uses less than half of the power used by an aggressively designed current source stimulator with the same voltage rails, and about one-third of the power consumed by typical stimulators used for this function.
Author: Thomas J. Foutz
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 143
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Book Description
Neural stimulation is a method of modulating neural activity, which has lead to the treatment of a number of diseases and conditions. It is both an established clinical tool, and a novel method on the frontier of neuroscience. Energy is a fundamental unit of neural stimulation, whose significance has grown with the rise of current-controlled electrical stimulation and optical stimulation. Historically, rectangular waveforms have been used for electrical stimulation; however, recent work has suggested that non-rectangular waveforms may have advantages over the traditional stimulus pulse. In the first study, detailed computer models were developed to compare a variety of charge-balanced biphasic waveforms with different stimulus pulse shapes. These results were validated in vivo in a rat model of peripheral nerve stimulation. In the second study, a method was investigated to improve the energy-efficiency of implantable-pulse generators (IPGs) by exploiting the biophysical features of excitable tissue. Substantial energy savings were achieved by exchanging the conventional fixed stimulator compliance voltage with a compliance voltage that matches real-time needs. By minimizing this voltage, energy savings of greater than 50% were observed, compared to traditional stimulation. Optogenetics is an emerging field of neuromodulation that uses light to achieve scaled, millisecond control of the membrane dynamics of genetically targeted neurons. In this last study, a computational tool is used to explore the underlying biophysics of optical stimulation. This "light-neuron" model consists of theoretical representations of the light dynamics generated by a fiber optic in brain tissue, coupled to a multi-compartment cable model of a cortical pyramidal neuron embedded with Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2). The activation threshold was found to be sensitive to many of the properties of ChR2, the tissue, and the fiber optic light source. This intention of this engineering design tool is to help guide future development of optogenetic technology. The overall purpose of this project was to investigate the energy-efficiency of neural stimulation. The ultimate goal of this work is to extend the lifetime of electrical IPGs, and to give insight into the future development of optical stimulation.
Author: Marijn van Dongen
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319281313
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 134
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Book Description
This book discusses the design of neural stimulator systems which are used for the treatment of a wide variety of brain disorders such as Parkinson’s, depression and tinnitus. Whereas many existing books treating neural stimulation focus on one particular design aspect, such as the electrical design of the stimulator, this book uses a multidisciplinary approach: by combining the fields of neuroscience, electrophysiology and electrical engineering a thorough understanding of the complete neural stimulation chain is created (from the stimulation IC down to the neural cell). This multidisciplinary approach enables readers to gain new insights into stimulator design, while context is provided by presenting innovative design examples.
Author: Scott Kenneth Arfin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 161
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Book Description
Electrical stimulation of tissues is an increasingly valuable tool for treating a variety of disorders, with applications including cardiac pacemakers, cochlear implants, visual prostheses, deep brain stimulators, spinal cord stimulators, and muscle stimulators. Brain implants for paralysis treatments are increasingly providing sensory feedback via neural stimulation. Within the field of neuroscience, the perturbation of neuronal circuits wirelessly in untethered, freely-behaving animals is of particular importance. In implantable systems, power consumption is often the limiting factor in determining battery or power coil size, cost, and level of tissue heating, with stimulation circuitry typically dominating the power budget of the entire implant. Thus, there is strong motivation to improve the energy efficiency of implantable electrical stimulators. In this thesis, I present two examples of low-power tissue stimulators. The first type is a wireless, low-power neural stimulation system for use in freely behaving animals. The system consists of an external transmitter and a miniature, implantable wireless receiver-and-stimulator utilizing a custom integrated chip built in a standard 0.5 ptm CMOS process. Low power design permits 12 days of continuous experimentation from a 5 mAh battery, extended by an automatic sleep mode that reduces standby power consumption by 2.5x. To test this device, bipolar stimulating electrodes were implanted into the songbird motor nucleus HVC of zebra finches. Single-neuron recordings revealed that wireless stimulation of HVC led to a strong increase of spiking activity in its downstream target, the robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA). When this device was used to deliver biphasic pulses of current randomly during singing, singing activity was prematurely terminated in all birds tested. The second stimulator I present is a novel, energy-efficient electrode stimulator with feedback current regulation. This stimulator uses inductive storage and recycling of energy based on a dynamic power supply to drive an electrode in an adiabatic fashion such that energy consumption is minimized. Since there are no explicit current sources or current limiters, wasteful energy dissipation across such elements is naturally avoided. The stimulator also utilizes a shunt current-sensor to monitor and regulate the current through the electrode via feedback, thus enabling flexible and safe stimulation. The dynamic power supply allows efficient transfer of energy both to and from the electrode, and is based on a DC-DC converter topology that is used in a bidirectional fashion. In an exemplary electrode implementation, I show how the stimulator combines the efficiency of voltage control and the safety and accuracy of current control in a single low-power integrated-circuit built in a standard 0.35 pm CMOS process. I also perform a theoretical analysis of the energy efficiency that is in accord with experimental measurements. In its current proof-of-concept implementation, this stimulator achieves a 2x-3x reduction in energy consumption as compared to a conventional current-source-based stimulator operating from a fixed power supply.
Author: Joel B. Myklebust
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000012867
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 281
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Book Description
First Published in 1985, this book offers a full, comprehensive investigation into Stimulation of the brain. Carefully compiled and filled with a vast repertoire of notes, diagrams, and references this book serves as a useful reference for Neurobiologists, and other practitioners in their respective fields.
Author: Nitish V. Thakor
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811655405
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 3686
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Book Description
This Handbook serves as an authoritative reference book in the field of Neuroengineering. Neuroengineering is a very exciting field that is rapidly getting established as core subject matter for research and education. The Neuroengineering field has also produced an impressive array of industry products and clinical applications. It also serves as a reference book for graduate students, research scholars and teachers. Selected sections or a compendium of chapters may be used as “reference book” for a one or two semester graduate course in Biomedical Engineering. Some academicians will construct a “textbook” out of selected sections or chapters. The Handbook is also meant as a state-of-the-art volume for researchers. Due to its comprehensive coverage, researchers in one field covered by a certain section of the Handbook would find other sections valuable sources of cross-reference for information and fertilization of interdisciplinary ideas. Industry researchers as well as clinicians using neurotechnologies will find the Handbook a single source for foundation and state-of-the-art applications in the field of Neuroengineering. Regulatory agencies, entrepreneurs, investors and legal experts can use the Handbook as a reference for their professional work as well.
Author: Gislin Dagnelie
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1441907548
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 456
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Book Description
Visual Prosthetics provides an in-depth analysis of the principles of operation, current state, anticipated developments, and functional aspects of visual prosthetics restoring sight to visually impaired individuals. This volume uniquely describes the human visual system in health and disease in a pedagogical and didactic manner, fitting to professionals and researchers with a bioengineering background. Readers will find a balanced overview of electrical, molecular chemical and synthetic chromophore stimulation, in addition to the biophysics and psychological aspects of vision restoration. Unlike competitive texts, this introduction also includes the need and methods for functional evaluation and rehabilitation. Professionals in the field of biomedical engineering and graduate and postgraduate researchers will find Visual Prosthetics a valuable reference.
Author: Sohmyung Ha
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128151161
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 210
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Book Description
High-Density Integrated Electrocortical Neural Interfaces provides a basic understanding, design strategies and implementation applications for electrocortical neural interfaces with a focus on integrated circuit design technologies. A wide variety of topics associated with the design and application of electrocortical neural implants are covered in this book. Written by leading experts in the field— Dr. Sohmyung Ha, Dr. Chul Kim, Dr. Patrick P. Mercier and Dr. Gert Cauwenberghs —the book discusses basic principles and practical design strategies of electrocorticography, electrode interfaces, signal acquisition, power delivery, data communication, and stimulation. In addition, an overview and critical review of the state-of-the-art research is included. These methodologies present a path towards the development of minimally invasive brain-computer interfaces capable of resolving microscale neural activity with wide-ranging coverage across the cortical surface. Written by leading researchers in electrocorticography in brain-computer interfaces Offers a unique focus on neural interface circuit design, from electrode to interface, circuit, powering, communication and encapsulation Covers the newest ECoG interface systems and electrode interfaces for ECoG and biopotential sensing
Author: Krzysztof Iniewski
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1439836213
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 760
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Book Description
As rapid technological developments occur in electronics, photonics, mechanics, chemistry, and biology, the demand for portable, lightweight integrated microsystems is relentless. These devices are getting exponentially smaller, increasingly used in everything from video games, hearing aids, and pacemakers to more intricate biomedical engineering and military applications. Edited by Kris Iniewski, a revolutionary in the field of advanced semiconductor materials, Integrated Microsystems: Electronics, Photonics, and Biotechnology focuses on techniques for optimized design and fabrication of these intelligent miniaturized devices and systems. Composed of contributions from experts in academia and industry around the world, this reference covers processes compatible with CMOS integrated circuits, which combine computation, communications, sensing, and actuation capabilities. Light on math and physics, with a greater emphasis on microsystem design and configuration and electrical engineering, this book is organized in three sections—Microelectronics and Biosystems, Photonics and Imaging, and Biotechnology and MEMs. It addresses key topics, including physical and chemical sensing, imaging, smart actuation, and data fusion and management. Using tables, figures, and equations to help illustrate concepts, contributors examine and explain the potential of emerging applications for areas including biology, nanotechnology, micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), microfluidics, and photonics.
Author: Xilin Liu
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319679406
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 268
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Book Description
This book provides an introduction to the emerging area of “Brain-Machine Interfaces,” with emphasis on the operation and practical design aspects. The book will help both electrical & bioengineers as well as neuroscience investigators to learn about the next generation brain-machine interfaces. The comprehensive review and design analysis will be very helpful for researchers who are new to this area or interested in the study of the brain. The in-depth discussion of practical design issues especially in animal experiments will also be valuable for experienced researchers.
