A Genome-Wide Breast Cancer Scan in African Americans PDF Download
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 16
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Book Description
This genome-wide association of breast cancer includes over 3,000 African American women with invasive disease and over 3,000 age-matched African American controls from many existing case-control studies of breast cancer in the U.S. In the first year of this project all DNA samples from these studies were sent to Dr. Haiman's laboratory at the University of Southern California, quantitated and arrayed for genotyping. We have also assembled the covariate file that contains established breast cancer risk factor data collected from these studies, and the data have been standardized for the analysis. As of April 1, 2009, we have genome-wide scanned 2,200 cases and 2,200 controls from a number of the participating studies using the Illumina 1M Beadchip. We have assessed the blinded quality control replicates and overall call rates by SNP and sample and the data appear to be of very high quality. We have conducted a very preliminary statistical analysis of the data and there are a number of promising signals including what we believe is a novel risk locus for breast cancer that may be of particular importance for estrogen receptor negative breast cancer. The analysis will continue as additional samples/studies are scanned over the next year.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 16
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Book Description
This genome-wide association of breast cancer includes over 3,000 African American women with invasive disease and over 3,000 age-matched African American controls from many existing case-control studies of breast cancer in the U.S. In the first year of this project all DNA samples from these studies were sent to Dr. Haiman's laboratory at the University of Southern California, quantitated and arrayed for genotyping. We have also assembled the covariate file that contains established breast cancer risk factor data collected from these studies, and the data have been standardized for the analysis. As of April 1, 2009, we have genome-wide scanned 2,200 cases and 2,200 controls from a number of the participating studies using the Illumina 1M Beadchip. We have assessed the blinded quality control replicates and overall call rates by SNP and sample and the data appear to be of very high quality. We have conducted a very preliminary statistical analysis of the data and there are a number of promising signals including what we believe is a novel risk locus for breast cancer that may be of particular importance for estrogen receptor negative breast cancer. The analysis will continue as additional samples/studies are scanned over the next year.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sargent (Neb.)
Languages : en
Pages : 295
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Book Description
Author: Ashley E. Green
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Breast cancer is of a primary concern in women, although it can occur in men. It is the second leading cause of cancer related deaths amongst women, and it is estimated that roughly 39,840 women will die of this disease this year. Breast cancer occurs across all populations and ethnicities. When African-Americans (AA) present with breast cancer, they usually have poorly differentiated tumors, and are more likely to be diagnosed with an advanced stage tumor. When compared to Caucasian (Cau) women, African-American women also have higher breast cancer mortality. The causes of these differences are not yet definitively known, but it has been suggested that the disparities that are present between African-American and Caucasian women are due to a number of factors. A few which have been mentioned are differences in Body Mass Index (BMI), socioeconomic status, health care coverage, and the level of obtained education that exists between the two ethnic groups. Although these factors may account for a small percentage of the difference seen between the two ethnic groups, the underlying cause that may explain why African-American women are at a greater risk of developing aggressive breast cancer may be due to differences in gene expression. A focus of my research project is the comparison of genome-wide gene expression differences between African-American and Caucasian women. Preliminary results from the comparison of normal breast tissue (obtained from reduction mammoplasty) from Caucasian and African-American women suggest there are marked differences in gene expression patterns. Pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes shows that they are involved in protein folding and the immune response. I am currently expanding this study to include a comparison of 10 AA to 10 Cau normal breast samples. These samples are being LCM dissected to separately compare gene expression in epithelial and stromal tissue. Cross comparisons between ethnic groups and tissue types will provide an understanding of normally occurring differences between AA and Cau women, which may help to explain the observed cancer disparities. Data from the study of normal tissue will be compared to gene expression data from triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients from both ethnicities.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309171318
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 311
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Book Description
Each year more than 180,000 new cases of breast cancer are diagnosed in women in the U.S. If cancer is detected when small and local, treatment options are less dangerous, intrusive, and costly-and more likely to lead to a cure. Yet those simple facts belie the complexity of developing and disseminating acceptable techniques for breast cancer diagnosis. Even the most exciting new technologies remain clouded with uncertainty. Mammography and Beyond provides a comprehensive and up-to-date perspective on the state of breast cancer screening and diagnosis and recommends steps for developing the most reliable breast cancer detection methods possible. This book reviews the dramatic expansion of breast cancer awareness and screening, examining the capabilities and limitations of current and emerging technologies for breast cancer detection and their effectiveness at actually reducing deaths. The committee discusses issues including national policy toward breast cancer detection, roles of public and private agencies, problems in determining the success of a technique, availability of detection methods to specific populations of women, women's experience during the detection process, cost-benefit analyses, and more. Examining current practices and specifying research and other needs, Mammography and Beyond will be an indispensable resource to policy makers, public health officials, medical practitioners, researchers, women's health advocates, and concerned women and their families.
Author: Daniel O. Stram
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461494435
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 344
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Book Description
This book presents the statistical aspects of designing, analyzing and interpreting the results of genome-wide association scans (GWAS studies) for genetic causes of disease using unrelated subjects. Particular detail is given to the practical aspects of employing the bioinformatics and data handling methods necessary to prepare data for statistical analysis. The goal in writing this book is to give statisticians, epidemiologists, and students in these fields the tools to design a powerful genome-wide study based on current technology. The other part of this is showing readers how to conduct analysis of the created study. Design and Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies provides a compendium of well-established statistical methods based upon single SNP associations. It also provides an introduction to more advanced statistical methods and issues. Knowing that technology, for instance large scale SNP arrays, is quickly changing, this text has significant lessons for future use with sequencing data. Emphasis on statistical concepts that apply to the problem of finding disease associations irrespective of the technology ensures its future applications. The author includes current bioinformatics tools while outlining the tools that will be required for use with extensive databases from future large scale sequencing projects. The author includes current bioinformatics tools while outlining additional issues and needs arising from the extensive databases from future large scale sequencing projects.
Author: Aamir Ahmad
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030203018
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 427
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Book Description
Resistance to therapies, both targeted and systemic, and metastases to distant organs are the underlying causes of breast cancer-associated mortality. The second edition of Breast Cancer Metastasis and Drug Resistance brings together some of the leading experts to comprehensively understand breast cancer: the factors that make it lethal, and current research and clinical progress. This volume covers the following core topics: basic understanding of breast cancer (statistics, epidemiology, racial disparity and heterogeneity), metastasis and drug resistance (bone metastasis, trastuzumab resistance, tamoxifen resistance and novel therapeutic targets, including non-coding RNAs, inflammatory cytokines, cancer stem cells, ubiquitin ligases, tumor microenvironment and signaling pathways such as TRAIL, JAK-STAT and mTOR) and recent developments in the field (epigenetic regulation, microRNAs-mediated regulation, novel therapies and the clinically relevant 3D models). Experts also discuss the advances in laboratory research along with their translational and clinical implications with an overarching goal to improve the diagnosis and prognosis, particularly that of breast cancer patients with advanced disease.
Author: Krishnarao Appasani
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107042763
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 449
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Book Description
Experts from academia and industry highlight the potential of genome-wide association studies from basic science to clinical and biotechnological/pharmaceutical applications.
Author: Jonathan M. Borwein
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1475732406
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 754
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Book Description
Our intention in this collection is to provide, largely through original writings, an ex tended account of pi from the dawn of mathematical time to the present. The story of pi reflects the most seminal, the most serious, and sometimes the most whimsical aspects of mathematics. A surprising amount of the most important mathematics and a signifi cant number of the most important mathematicians have contributed to its unfolding directly or otherwise. Pi is one of the few mathematical concepts whose mention evokes a response of recog nition and interest in those not concerned professionally with the subject. It has been a part of human culture and the educated imagination for more than twenty-five hundred years. The computation of pi is virtually the only topic from the most ancient stratum of mathematics that is still of serious interest to modern mathematical research. To pursue this topic as it developed throughout the millennia is to follow a thread through the history of mathematics that winds through geometry, analysis and special functions, numerical analysis, algebra, and number theory. It offers a subject that provides mathe maticians with examples of many current mathematical techniques as weIl as a palpable sense of their historical development. Why a Source Book? Few books serve wider potential audiences than does a source book. To our knowledge, there is at present no easy access to the bulk of the material we have collected.
Author: Amelie G. Ramirez
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 303029286X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 320
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Book Description
This open access book gives an overview of the sessions, panel discussions, and outcomes of the Advancing the Science of Cancer in Latinos conference, held in February 2018 in San Antonio, Texas, USA, and hosted by the Mays Cancer Center and the Institute for Health Promotion Research at UT Health San Antonio. Latinos – the largest, youngest, and fastest-growing minority group in the United States – are expected to face a 142% rise in cancer cases in coming years. Although there has been substantial advancement in cancer prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment over the past few decades, addressing Latino cancer health disparities has not nearly kept pace with progress. The diverse and dynamic group of speakers and panelists brought together at the Advancing the Science of Cancer in Latinos conference provided in-depth insights as well as progress and actionable goals for Latino-focused basic science research, clinical best practices, community interventions, and what can be done by way of prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer in Latinos. These insights have been translated into the chapters included in this compendium; the chapters summarize the presentations and include current knowledge in the specific topic areas, identified gaps, and top priority areas for future cancer research in Latinos. Topics included among the chapters: Colorectal cancer disparities in Latinos: Genes vs. Environment Breast cancer risk and mortality in women of Latin American origin Differential cancer risk in Latinos: The role of diet Overcoming barriers for Latinos on cancer clinical trials Es tiempo: Engaging Latinas in cervical cancer research Emerging policies in U.S. health care Advancing the Science of Cancer in Latinos proves to be an indispensable resource offering key insights into actionable targets for basic science research, suggestions for clinical best practices and community interventions, and novel strategies and advocacy opportunities to reduce health disparities in Latino communities. It will find an engaged audience among researchers, academics, physicians and other healthcare professionals, patient advocates, students, and others with an interest in the broad field of Latino cancer.
Author:
Publisher: ScholarlyEditions
ISBN: 1481657372
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 944
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Book Description
Breast Cancer: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ book that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Diagnosis and Screening. The editors have built Breast Cancer: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Diagnosis and Screening in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Breast Cancer: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
