A Characterization of Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench) for Biomass Utilization PDF Download
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Author: Roger Lynn Monk
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sorghum
Languages : en
Pages : 158
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Author: Roger Lynn Monk
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sorghum
Languages : en
Pages : 158
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Author: David Kyle Whitmire
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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The federally mandated 36 billion gallons a year production goal for "advanced biofuels" by 2022 has created a demand for lignocellulosic feedstocks that are inexpensive to produce. The current lack of market development for lignocellulosic feedstocks incentivizes the development of versatile biomass products with greater end-use possibilities, as in either a forage or bioenergy system. High-biomass, perennial grasses offer dual-use potential in either forage or biofuel systems. In 2009 and 2010 controlled pollinations were made to evaluate the efficiency of producing interspecific hybrids between homozygous recessive iap/iap and Iap/- Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, cultivated sorghum, and three S. halepense (L.) Pers., johnsongrass, genotypes. The iap/iap genotype removes reproductive barriers to alien pollen in S. bicolor and aids in wide hybridization. Total seed set, germinable seed set, and hybrid production were significantly higher using the iap/iap genotype. The iap/iap S. bicolor genotype is a valuable tool available to plant breeders for the creation of wide hybrids with S. halepense. In a related study a bulked segregant analysis was conducted using bulked samples of S. bicolor, typical flowering S. halepense, non-flowering S. halepense, and putative triploid hybrids of the two species to identify unique markers for each bulk and to evaluate S. bicolor genetic material introgression into the non-flowering S. halepense genome. Thirty-nine and 23 markers were found to be unique to the S. bicolor and typical flowering S. halepense bulks, respectively. These unique markers could be used in a breeding program to identify interspecific hybrids. Alleles at fifteen markers were found in both the S. bicolor and non-flowering S. halepense bulks but not in typical flowering S. halepense and may help explain the non-flowering phenotype. In 2010 and 2011 a study was conducted to investigate the rhizome composition of 11 genotypes of Sorghum species and its relationship to overwintering. Genotype, environment, and sampling date had significant effects on rhizome metabolite concentrations. Overwintering capacity was related to fructans and crude protein concentrations and NIRS (Near Infrared Spectroscopy) was effective at estimating these values. This information can be used to screen for stronger perennial parents to be used in future breeding programs.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biomass energy
Languages : en
Pages : 12
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Author: Ian Kenneth Plews
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) is the fifth most economically important cereal grown worldwide and is a source of food, feed, fiber and fuel. Sorghum, a C4 grass and a close relative to sugarcane, is adapted to hot, dry adverse environments and this plant is a potentially important bioenergy crop for Texas. The diversity of the twelve high biomass sorghum genotypes was analyzed using 50 simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers with genome coverage. The accumulation of biomass during sorghum development was studied in BTx623, an elite grain sorghum genotype. Genetic similarity analysis showed that the twelve high biomass genotypes were quite diverse and different from most current grain sorghum genotypes. The ratio of leaf/stem biomass accumulation was higher early in the vegetative phase during rapid canopy development and lower later in this phase when stem growth rate increased. This resulted in an increasing ratio of stem to leaf dry weight during development. Numerous cellulose sythase genes have been putatively identified in the sorghum genome. The relative level of Ces5 RNA in leaves decreased during vegetative phase of development by ~32 fold. There was no change in the relative abundance of Ces5 RNA in stems. Also there was no change in the relative abundance of Ces3 RNA in either stem or leaves during the vegetative stage. The knowledge gained in this study may contribute to the development of sorghum bioenergy hybrids that accumulate more biomass and that are modified in composition to make them more amenable to biofuels production.
Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Solar energy
Languages : en
Pages : 236
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Author: H. R. Lafitte
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 324
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![Characterization of Sorghum [Sorghum Bicolor (l.) Moench] Parental Lines and Prediction of Their Hybrid Performance Under Simulated Water and Population Density Stress PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/1T3qnQEACAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
Author: Clement Kamau Karari
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 213
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Author: Jayfred Gaham Villegas Godoy
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is listed as one of the potential feedstock sources for biofuel production. While sorghum grain can be fermented into ethanol in a similar way as maize, the greatest potential of the crop is based on its massive biomass and sugar rich juices. Thus development of the crop as alternative energy source requires improvement of these traits. The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the mode of inheritance of traits related to ethanol production and identify suitable genetic sources for use in breeding programs, and (2) to evaluate the potential of low lignin mutations for biomass feedstock production and assess biotic stress risks associated with deployment of the mutations. The study consisted of three related experiments: (i) estimating the combining ability of selected sweet and high biomass sorghum genotypes for biofuel traits and resistance to stalk lodging, (ii) determine the impact of brown mid-rib mutations on biofuel production and their reaction to infection by Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium thapsinum, and (iii) assess the reaction of low lignin mutants to green bug feeding. In the first experiment six sorghum genotypes of variable characteristics (PI193073, PI257602, PI185672, PI195754, SC382 and SC373) were crossed to three standard seed parent lines ATx3042, ATx623 and ATx399. The resulting hybrids and the parents were evaluated at four locations, three replications during 2009 and 2010 seasons. Data were collected on phenology, plant height, juice yield, °brix score and biomass production. In the second experiment, two brown mid-rib mutations (bmr6 and bmr12) and their normal versions were studied in four forage sorghum backgrounds (Atlas, Early Hegari, Kansas Collier and Rox Orange). The experiment was planted in four replications and at 14 d after flowering five plants in a plot were artificially infected with F. thapsinum and another five with M. phaseolina. The plants were harvested and rated for disease severity (lesion length and nodes crossed). Another five normal plants in each plot were harvested and used to determine biofuel traits (juice yield, °brix score and biomass). In the third experiment, a subset of entries evaluated in experiment II and three tolerant and susceptible checks were tested for greenbug feeding damage. Biotype K greenbug colony was inoculated to each genotype using double sticky foam cages. Feeding damage was assessed as percent chlorophyll loss using SPAD meter. There was significant general combining ability (GCA) effect among the male entries for juice yield, stem obrix and biomass production indicating that these traits are controlled by additive genes. Lines PI257602 and PI185672 in particular, had the highest GCA for all the traits and should serve as excellent breeding materials. There was no significant difference among the bmr mutants and between the bmr and normal genotypes for both stalk rot and greenbug damage. In conclusion, juice yield, °brix and biomass are largely controlled by additive genes and hence are amenable to genetic manipulation. The bmr mutations despite their impact on lignin content do not increase risk of attack by stalk rot pathogens and greenbugs and thus can be deployed for biofuel production without incurring losses to these factors.
Author: Sarah June Schloss
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 256
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Author: Pedro Raúl Solórzano Peraza
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 232
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