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Author: Jooho Lee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 314
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Book Description
In my dissertation, I examine issues related to markets and hierarchies, which are core conceptual building blocks for economic theories of the firm, from a moral point of view. The first essay engages with economic theories of the firm and argues that there is a tension between the two primary metaphors--contracts and hierarchies--utilized by economists to describe the nature and purpose of the firm. The second essay provides a moral reason for drawing the distinction between markets and firms in the first place. It argues that the principle of fair play justifies the adoption of a proposed three-part test for employee classification based on economic theories of entrepreneurship. The third essay applies the insights from the first two chapters by arguing that stakeholder theory should pay greater attention to the contract metaphor within theories of the firm.
Author: Jooho Lee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 314
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Book Description
In my dissertation, I examine issues related to markets and hierarchies, which are core conceptual building blocks for economic theories of the firm, from a moral point of view. The first essay engages with economic theories of the firm and argues that there is a tension between the two primary metaphors--contracts and hierarchies--utilized by economists to describe the nature and purpose of the firm. The second essay provides a moral reason for drawing the distinction between markets and firms in the first place. It argues that the principle of fair play justifies the adoption of a proposed three-part test for employee classification based on economic theories of entrepreneurship. The third essay applies the insights from the first two chapters by arguing that stakeholder theory should pay greater attention to the contract metaphor within theories of the firm.
Author: Jooho Lee
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781835203897
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Harry Burrows Acton
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 296
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Book Description
The Morals of Markets offers a philosophically and historically informed defense of a market-based form of social organization. Acton discusses the profit motive, competition, monopoly, the supposed impersonality of the marketplace, the assumed chaos of markets, self-interest, egalitarianism, central planning, and distributive justice. For all their high moral tone, Acton concludes the criticisms leveled and the political platforms proffered against free markets are full of contradictions and unanalyzed assumptions. A particular strength of Acton's book is that he is himself something of a moral traditionalist.
Author: Andrius Bielskis
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317001516
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 264
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Book Description
Interest in Aristotelianism and in virtue ethics has been growing for half a century but as yet the strengths of the study of Aristotelian ethics in politics have not been matched in economics. This ground-breaking text fills that gap. Challenging the premises of neoclassical economic theory, the contributors take issue with neoclassicism’s foundational separation of values from facts, with its treatment of preferences as given, and with its consequent refusal to reason about final ends. The contrary presupposition of this collection is that ethical reasoning about human ends is essential for any sustainable economy, and that reasoning about economic goods should therefore be informed by reasoning about what is humanly and commonly good. Contributions critically engage with aspects of corporate capitalism, managerial power and neoliberal economic policy, and reflect on the recent financial crisis from the point of view of Aristotelian virtue ethics. Containing a new chapter by Alasdair MacIntyre, and deploying his arguments and conceptual scheme throughout, the book critically analyses the theoretical presuppositions and institutional reality of modern capitalism.
Author: Arthur M. Melzer
Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN: 0812295404
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 257
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Book Description
Despite the remarkable achievements of free markets—their rapid spread around the world and success at generating economic growth—they tend to elicit anxiety. Creative destruction and destabilizing change provoke feelings of powerlessness in the face of circumstances that portend inevitable catastrophe. Thus, from the beginning, capitalism has been particularly stimulative for the growth of critics and doomsayers. While early analysts such as Karl Marx primarily emphasized an impending economic disaster, in recent years the economic critique of capitalism has receded in favor of moral and environmental concerns. At the heart of this collection of original essays lies the question: does morality demand that we adopt a primarily supportive or critical stance toward capitalism? Some contributors suggest that the foundational principles of the capitalist system may be at odds with the central requirements of morality, while others wonder whether the practical workings of markets slowly erode moral character or hinder the just distribution of goods. Still others consider whether morality itself does not demand the economic freedom constitutive of the capitalist system. The essays in Are Markets Moral? represent a broad array of disciplines, from economics to philosophy to law, and place particular emphasis on the experiences of non-Western countries where the latest chapters in capitalism's history are now being written. Contributors: Andrew S. Bibby, Gurcharan Das, Richard A. Epstein, Fonna Forman, Robert P. George, Steven J. Kautz, Peter Augustine Lawler, Steven Lukes, Deirdre Nansen McCloskey, Peter McNamara, Arthur M. Melzer, John Tomasi.
Author: Adam K. Pham
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 96
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Book Description
In this set of three essays, I examine several issues related to the moral limits of markets and politics. In the first two essays, I examine two traditional theoretical approaches to these problems, and I argue that neither sort of approach can, on its own, offer satisfying solutions. In the third essay, I offer a case study of the moral limits of markets: about the consumer scoring market. In Chapter 1 ("Injustice and the Economic Doctrine"), I examine moral problems from within what I call the "economic doctrine,'' a framework which lies broadly in the tradition of Milton Friedman, Murray Rothbard, and Robert Nozick. When used as a framework for evaluating simple cases about our duties and rights, the economic doctrine ([silcrow]1.1) tracks our judgments and behaviors. Yet, when we add complexity to these simple cases, the doctrine fails. The doctrine cannot offer a plausible metaphysics of injustice ([silcrow]1.2), it is predicated on economic knowledge that cannot be acquired ([silcrow]1.3), it is embodied by arbitrary, inefficient, and unjust law ([silcrow]1.4) and it cannot account for injustice that is essentially non-economic in nature ([silcrow]1.5). I conclude ([silcrow]1.6) that the economic doctrine is ill-equipped to cope with the complexity of injustice. In Chapter 2 ("Burden, Lawlessness, and the Political Doctrine"), I examine moral problems from the perspective of what I call the "political doctrine," which lies broadly in the tradition of John Rawls and Philip Pettit. The political doctrine ([silcrow]2.1) has two broad limitations. First, it embodies an inadequate conception of society ([silcrow]2.2). Once we consider the complexities of our global burdens, it becomes clear that many of the most serious problems that face us confront us as an individuals, or as families, or as groups, or as nations, or as a planet, not as a postwar society of states. These forms of political decay have little to do with the balance of sovereignty among nation-states, and we must find other ways to address them. As a case study of these issues, I discuss the 2010 cholera epidemic in Haiti, which resulted from disaster relief efforts by UN subcontractors. Second, the political doctrine embodies an inadequate conception of the individual ([silcrow]2.3). In the actual world, many of our deepest moral and social crises involve deep vulnerabilities of human agency. We should, on these grounds, abandon any kind of methodology that is premised on the idea that humans are rational and reasonable. As a case study of these issues, I discuss the ongoing civil war in South Sudan, which was catalyzed and perpetuated by forms of lawlessness that transcend our political boundaries. I conclude ([silcrow]2.4) that the limits of the political doctrine should lead us to be pessimistic about the possibility of purely political solutions to our most pressing moral problems. In Chapter 3 ("The Moral Limits of the Market: A Case Study"), I offer an ethical assessment of a particular economic market and I argue that the assessment has ethical implications on how the market should be regulated. To conduct the assessment, I employ two heuristics for evaluating markets. One is the "harm" criterion, which relates to whether the market produces serious harms, either for participants in the market, for third parties, or for society considered as a whole. The other is the "agency" criterion, which relates to whether participants understand the nature and significance of the exchanges they are making, if they can be guaranteed fair representation, or if there is differential need for the market's good. I argue that consumer scoring data should be subject to the same sort of regulation as the older FICO credit scores. Although the movement in the 1990s that was aimed at regulating the FICO scores was not aimed at restraining a market per se, I argue that the reforms were underwritten by concerns about the same sorts of problems as those outlined by our heuristics.
Author: Joseph H. Carens
Publisher: Joseph H. Carens
ISBN: 0226092690
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 268
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Book Description
The book argues that by relying on moral incentives it is possible, in principle, to separate the organizational advantages of the market from its distributional disadvantages. In theory, we can imagine a politico-economic system that distributes income equally (or on some other principle) but has all the efficiency characteristics of a capitalist market system. This shows that the market can provide an institutional mechanism for realizing ideals of distributive justice. The book provides a theoretical model of the system, identifying its requirements. It then offers arguments from empirical social science about why the model should work under appropriate conditions.
Author: Jonathan B. Imber
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 9781412806664
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 249
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Book Description
This book of original essays by leading thinkers across many disciplines offers new insights into enduring questions about how modern and modernizing market economies are both shaped by and shapers of morality, values and religion.
Author: Jonathan B. Imber
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 9781138527683
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 249
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Book Description
The examination of the relationship of economic activity to other important aspects of human life and social behavior has inspired some of the most interesting and provocative social-scientific research in the past one hundred years. This book of original essays by leading thinkers across many disciplines offers new insights into enduring questions about how modern and modernizing market economies are both shaped by and shapers of morality, values, and religion. Part 1, "Markets and Morals," offers eight contributors who provide analyses of the various ways in which the market operates in relation to morality. An empirical presentation of moral values and market attitudes is given. Other essays take aim at how markets serve and disserve moral interests: Economic growth has moral consequences; the manipulation of markets exposes a moral underside; the nature of market failure has implications for understanding moral vulnerability; preference change has moral implications. In other chapters, a broad consideration of the positive moral effects of market economies is offered along with historical essays on the role that intellectuals have played in debates about the positive and negative effects of commercial life and on the ways in which the American idea of the pursuit of happiness reveals much about the morality of economic life. In Part 2, "Markets and Religion," nine contributors address both the historical and contemporary emergence of religious factors in the growth and transformation of global capitalism. Major religious traditions, including Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are examined for their contributions to answering questions about the nature and function of economic life in light of religious ideas and ideals. Several essays present original approaches to the importance of religious values to modern forms of consumption and to the political economy of reconciliation and forgiveness in nations coming to terms with past conflict. Finally, the influence of non-Western ideas, in particular Chinese religions and Buddhism on economic thought and practice, is assessed as part of the globalizing impact of religion on economic life generally.
Author: Harry Burrows Acton
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 124
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Book Description
