Author: Office of the United States Trade Representative
Publisher: CreateSpace
ISBN: 9781502375933
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 90
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Book Description
This book describes and advances U.S. efforts to identify and eliminate standards-related measures that act as significant barrier to U.S. trade. The report consists of following key components: An introduction to standards-related measures, including the genesis of this report and the growing importance of standards-related measures in international trade (Section III); An overview of standards-related trade obligations, in particular rules governing standards-related measures under the WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Agreement) and U.S. free trade agreements (Section IV); A description of the U.S. legal framework for implementing its standards-related trade obligations (Section V); A discussion of standards, including the role of international standards in facilitating trade and fulfilling legitimate public policy objectives and federal agencies' participation in standards development (Section VI) An elaboration on conformity assessment procedures, including federal agencies' use of conformity assessment and the possibility for international systems of conformity assessment to facilitate trade (Section VII); A description of how the U.S. Government identifies technical barriers to trade and the process of interagency and stakeholder consultation it employs to determine how to address them (Section VIII); An explanation of how the United States engages with its trading partners to address standards-related measures that act as barriers and prevent creation of new barriers through multilateral, regional, and bilateral channels, including the WTO's Committee on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Committee) and cooperative activities under the APEC Subcommittee on Standards and Conformance, among others (Section IX); A summary of current trends regarding standards-related measures trends relating to standards-related measures (Section X); and An identification and description of significant standards-related trade barriers currently facing U.S. exporters, along with U.S. government initiatives to eliminate or reduce the impact of these barriers (Section XI) in 17countries – Argentina, Brazil, China, Chile, Colombia, India, Indonesia, Japan, Kenya, Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, Russia, South Africa, Taiwan, Turkey, and Vietnam – as well as the European Union (EU).
Author: United States United States Trade Representative
Publisher: CreateSpace
ISBN: 9781511466394
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 102
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Book Description
This year the USTR publishes its fifth annual Report on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Report). This report was created to respond to the concerns of U.S. companies, farmers, ranchers, and manufacturers, which increasingly encounter nontariff trade barriers in the form of product standards, testing requirements, and other technical requirements as they seek to sell products and services around the world. As tariff barriers to industrial and agricultural trade have fallen, some standards-related measures have emerged as a key concern. Governments, market participants, and other entities can use standards-related measures as an effective and efficient means of achieving legitimate commercial and policy objectives, such as protection of the environment, human health and safety. But when standards-related measures are outdated, overly burdensome, discriminatory, or otherwise inappropriate, these measures can reduce competition, stifle innovation, and create unnecessary technical barriers to trade. These kinds of measures can pose a particular problem for small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), which often do not have the resources to address these problems on their own. USTR is committed to identifying and combating unwarranted technical barriers to U.S. exports, many of which are detailed in this report. Since the last TBT Report was released, the United States has significantly advanced its efforts to resolve concerns with standards-related measures that act as unjustifiable barriers to trade and to prevent their emergence. USTR will continue its work to resolve and prevent standards-related trade concerns through new and existing cooperative initiatives in the World Trade Organization (WTO), Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum (APEC), U.S. free trade agreements (FTAs), and other fora. In addition USTR will continue working to conclude on the negotiation of a modernized Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) chapter in the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) that builds on and strengthens TBT disciplines contained in the WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Agreement). In addition, in June 2013, President Obama and European Union (EU) leaders launched negotiations on a comprehensive trade and investment agreement, the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (T-TIP). As conveyed in the February 2013 United States-European Union High Level Working Group on Jobs and Growth (HLWG) Final Report, the United States and the EU are committed to working together to open markets in goods, services and investment, reduce nontariff barriers, and address global trade issues of common concern. Both parties seek to build on the horizontal disciplines of the WTO TBT Agreement, establish ongoing mechanisms for improved dialogue and cooperation for addressing bilateral technical barriers to trade (TBT) issues, and pursue opportunities for greater regulatory compatibility with the objective of reducing unnecessary costs stemming from regulatory differences in specific sectors. Again in 2014, USTR will engage vigorously with other agencies of the U.S. Government, as well as interested stakeholders, to press for tangible progress by U.S. trading partners in removing unwarranted or overly burdensome technical barriers. We will fully utilize our toolkit of bilateral, regional and multilateral agreements and mechanisms in order to dismantle unjustifiable barriers to safe, high quality U.S. industrial, consumer, and agricultural exports and strengthen the rules-based trading system. Recognizing that U.S. economic and employment recovery and growth continue to rely importantly on the strength of U.S. exports of goods, services, and agricultural products; we will be redoubling our efforts to ensure that the technical barriers that inhibit those exports are steadily diminished.
Author: Office of Office of the United States Trade Representative
Publisher: CreateSpace
ISBN: 9781511487375
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 104
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Book Description
This year the Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) publishes its second annual Report on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Report). This report was created to respond to the concerns of U.S. companies, farmers, ranchers and manufacturers, which increasingly encounter non-tariff trade barriers in the form of product standards, testing requirements, and other technical requirements as they seek to sell products and services around the world. As tariff barriers to industrial and agricultural trade have fallen, standards-related measures of this kind have emerged as a primary concern. Governments, market participants and other entities can use standards-related measures as an effective and efficient means of achieving legitimate commercial and policy objectives. But when standards-related measures are outdated, overly burdensome, discriminatory, or otherwise inappropriate, these measures can reduce competition, stifle innovation, and create unnecessary technical barriers to trade. These kinds of measures can pose a particular problem for SMEs, which often do not have the resources to address these problems on their own. USTR is committed to identifying and combating unwarranted technical barriers to U.S. exports, many of which are detailed in this report. USTR's efforts to prevent and remove foreign technical barriers serve the President's goal of doubling U.S. exports by the end of 2014 through the National Export Initiative. Since the last TBT Report was released, the United States has launched new initiatives to promote greater international cooperation among regulatory authorities, trade officials, and standards experts to prevent the emergence of unjustifiable barriers to U.S. exports. We have made progress, for example, in encouraging our trading partners to address unwarranted or burdensome technical regulations through the U.S.-EU High-Level Regulatory Cooperation Forum, the U.S.-Mexico High-Level Regulatory Cooperation Council, the U.S.-Canada Regulatory Cooperation Council, and other fora. We have also taken successful steps to eliminate or reduce specific foreign barriers to U.S. exports, such as Indonesias rules limiting U.S. poultry and meat imports and Mexicos nutrition labeling requirements that impeded exports of American pre-packaged foods, among others. This year, USTR will continue to work with other agencies of the U.S. Government, as well as interested stakeholders, to encourage U.S. trading partners to remove their unwarranted or overly burdensome technical barriers. As always, we will engage all available bilateral, regional, and multilateral contexts in our efforts to dismantle unjustifiable barriers to safe, high-quality U.S. industrial, consumer, and agricultural exports and strengthen the rules-based trading system. For example, in our capacity as host of the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum in 2011, the United States has made cross-border regulatory cooperation and convergence a top priority for action. We look forward to making further progress on behalf of American manufacturers, workers, farmers, ranchers, and service providers, as well as families who depend on trade-supported American jobs.
Author: CM Research (NZ)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 49
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Book Description
Author: United States. Office of the U.S. Trade Representative
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Commercial policy
Languages : en
Pages : 408
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher: World Economic Forum
ISBN: 9295044061
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 437
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Book Description
Author: Andrea Barrios Villarreal
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108584470
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 329
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Book Description
International Standardization and the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade examines the international standardization system generally, with a specific focus on some of the bodies within this system, along with their rules and procedures. It also examines - and questions - the lack of definition regarding several features related to the system, notably an international standardizing body (ISB) and international standards in the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT). Andrea Barrios Villarreal, who has been involved in standardization activities for more than seven years, provides a unique and in-depth analysis that will be useful to scholars, students and practitioners. This illuminating work is a welcome addition to the international economic law literature and should be read by anyone with an interest in the interaction between trade law and international standardization.
Author: World Bank
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464814953
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 511
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Book Description
Global value chains (GVCs) powered the surge of international trade after 1990 and now account for almost half of all trade. This shift enabled an unprecedented economic convergence: poor countries grew rapidly and began to catch up with richer countries. Since the 2008 global financial crisis, however, the growth of trade has been sluggish and the expansion of GVCs has stalled. Meanwhile, serious threats have emerged to the model of trade-led growth. New technologies could draw production closer to the consumer and reduce the demand for labor. And trade conflicts among large countries could lead to a retrenchment or a segmentation of GVCs. World Development Report 2020: Trading for Development in the Age of Global Value Chains examines whether there is still a path to development through GVCs and trade. It concludes that technological change is, at this stage, more a boon than a curse. GVCs can continue to boost growth, create better jobs, and reduce poverty provided that developing countries implement deeper reforms to promote GVC participation; industrial countries pursue open, predictable policies; and all countries revive multilateral cooperation.
Author: Rachel F. Fefer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic commerce
Languages : en
Pages : 39
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Book Description
Author: Hana Daoudi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 176
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Book Description
Since 2010, the ECE has been undertaking demand-driven national studies of regulatory and procedural barriers to trade, with a view to: helping countries achieve greater regional and global economic integration; informing donors as to where assistance might be required; and supporting policy discussions within the Steering Committee on Trade Capacity and Standards (previously, the Committee on Trade) and its subsidiary bodies on where additional work is required. This study summarizes the key findings of the seventh study, which focuses on Georgia. It was prepared by the ECE secretariat in close consultation with public and private sector stakeholders. The study integrates the outcome of the stakeholder meeting, which was organized in Tbilisi, Georgia on 23 April 2018 by the Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development to discuss the initial results and recommendations.
