Author: Stephen Eskildsen
Publisher: State University of New York Press
ISBN: 0791485315
Category : Religion
Languages : en
Pages : 283
Book Description
Stephen Eskildsen's book offers an in-depth study of the beliefs and practices of the Quanzhen (Complete Realization) School of Taoism, the predominant school of monastic Taoism in China. The Quanzhen School was founded in the latter half of the twelfth century by the eccentric holy man Wan Zhe (1113–1170), whose work was continued by his famous disciples commonly known as the Seven Realized Ones. This study draws upon surviving texts to examine the Quanzhen masters' approaches to mental discipline, intense asceticism, cultivation of health and longevity, mystical experience, supernormal powers, death and dying, charity and evangelism, and ritual. From these primary sources, Eskildsen provides a clear understanding of the nature of Quanzhen Taoism and reveals its core emphasis to be the cultivation of clarity and purity of mind that occurs not only through seated meditation, but also throughout the daily activities of life.
The Teachings and Practices of the Early Quanzhen Taoist Masters
Author: Stephen Eskildsen
Publisher: State University of New York Press
ISBN: 0791485315
Category : Religion
Languages : en
Pages : 283
Book Description
Stephen Eskildsen's book offers an in-depth study of the beliefs and practices of the Quanzhen (Complete Realization) School of Taoism, the predominant school of monastic Taoism in China. The Quanzhen School was founded in the latter half of the twelfth century by the eccentric holy man Wan Zhe (1113–1170), whose work was continued by his famous disciples commonly known as the Seven Realized Ones. This study draws upon surviving texts to examine the Quanzhen masters' approaches to mental discipline, intense asceticism, cultivation of health and longevity, mystical experience, supernormal powers, death and dying, charity and evangelism, and ritual. From these primary sources, Eskildsen provides a clear understanding of the nature of Quanzhen Taoism and reveals its core emphasis to be the cultivation of clarity and purity of mind that occurs not only through seated meditation, but also throughout the daily activities of life.
Publisher: State University of New York Press
ISBN: 0791485315
Category : Religion
Languages : en
Pages : 283
Book Description
Stephen Eskildsen's book offers an in-depth study of the beliefs and practices of the Quanzhen (Complete Realization) School of Taoism, the predominant school of monastic Taoism in China. The Quanzhen School was founded in the latter half of the twelfth century by the eccentric holy man Wan Zhe (1113–1170), whose work was continued by his famous disciples commonly known as the Seven Realized Ones. This study draws upon surviving texts to examine the Quanzhen masters' approaches to mental discipline, intense asceticism, cultivation of health and longevity, mystical experience, supernormal powers, death and dying, charity and evangelism, and ritual. From these primary sources, Eskildsen provides a clear understanding of the nature of Quanzhen Taoism and reveals its core emphasis to be the cultivation of clarity and purity of mind that occurs not only through seated meditation, but also throughout the daily activities of life.
Great Master
Author: She CongGe
Publisher: Funstory
ISBN: 1648975623
Category : Fiction
Languages : en
Pages : 880
Book Description
Sly! A sect that had drifted away from orthodox Taoism and had long been submerged in the mists of history. Even though the Lord had massacred everything in the world, he had actually made a Grandmaster in all of history. Battle Empire's Assassin, Nie Zheng, Prime Minister Chen Ping, War God Han Xin, Huang Shuang, who ascended after killing all the evil spirits of the world, Dao Yan, who cultivated both Buddhism and Dao by Zhu Di's side, and a famous doctor of the Qing Dynasty, Ye Tong, how did they go from an ordinary mortal to an illustrious and illustrious Grandmaster? And why did he hide his identity, making it so that the crafty dao could not leave its name in history? The deceitful Dao has always been weak, but it has often turned the tide in troubled times. In the modern world, where Warlocks were withering away, what kind of earth-shattering things would the current heirs of the underworld do? Xu Yunfeng, a young man who had no ambition and only wished to live a peaceful life, was born with the fate of a Warlock. He tried his best to avoid it, but he was still unable to resist the wheels of fate and was swept into the world of Warlocks, becoming the second name in the history of the underworld. Because he wanted to become the strongest Warlock in his childhood, Wang Kunpeng, with his mediocre aptitude and perseverance, had ultimately become a well-known Warlock by relying on his extraordinary intelligence, tenacity, and hard work. His name was' Yang Huanzi ', but when the warlocks of this world had vied for the position of the Yin People, his final step had been foiled by a lunatic, and his efforts had been for naught. Brothers, there is a hidden reason. Crazy people took the Yin people away to let the bastard live a little longer, to let ordinary people live a plain and real life. As for his own fate, what he could not escape was to be unable to escape. Facing the loneliness and coldness of a hundred ghosts, he would have to shoulder it all on his own. But the stable life does not last forever, in 2008, the Yangtze River, surprised to find a twisted board carved into the iron plate, broke the quiet life. This was the last entrance to the world's ancient path, and it was bound to cause chaos among the Warlocks. The opponent in the fog came back. Under the efforts of many crazy supporters, he would use any means necessary to extend his life, exhausting all the calculations in his mind just because he wanted to change this unfair and imperfect world after trying to understand the nature of this world. The King Kun Peng, Xu Yunfeng, had found the descendants of the Four Great Families of the Southwest Warlock and had joined forces to lay down the nearly lost Seven Star Arena and the Red Water Killing Formation of the Divine Seal. A battle that lasted for thousands of years. The grievances and grievances had not yet subsided, and their friendship had not yet returned. Their faith still existed, and everything would eventually end here! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - This book has a total of seven lines, five historical two modern, using POV writing intertwined. The five historical clues would eventually interweave into the main story and play a key role. The details are as follows: Counting Sand Division: Xu Yunfeng's Kunpeng, Zhang Wuju. Water Department: Chen Ping, Zhang Liang, Han Xin. Gui Branch: Huang Chang. Listening String Department: Daoyan, Southwest Warlock, Four Great Families. Look at the wax: Ye Gui. Underworld Wars Department: Zhang Tian, let's call it quits. Attached: Jin Zhong, Jin Li.
Publisher: Funstory
ISBN: 1648975623
Category : Fiction
Languages : en
Pages : 880
Book Description
Sly! A sect that had drifted away from orthodox Taoism and had long been submerged in the mists of history. Even though the Lord had massacred everything in the world, he had actually made a Grandmaster in all of history. Battle Empire's Assassin, Nie Zheng, Prime Minister Chen Ping, War God Han Xin, Huang Shuang, who ascended after killing all the evil spirits of the world, Dao Yan, who cultivated both Buddhism and Dao by Zhu Di's side, and a famous doctor of the Qing Dynasty, Ye Tong, how did they go from an ordinary mortal to an illustrious and illustrious Grandmaster? And why did he hide his identity, making it so that the crafty dao could not leave its name in history? The deceitful Dao has always been weak, but it has often turned the tide in troubled times. In the modern world, where Warlocks were withering away, what kind of earth-shattering things would the current heirs of the underworld do? Xu Yunfeng, a young man who had no ambition and only wished to live a peaceful life, was born with the fate of a Warlock. He tried his best to avoid it, but he was still unable to resist the wheels of fate and was swept into the world of Warlocks, becoming the second name in the history of the underworld. Because he wanted to become the strongest Warlock in his childhood, Wang Kunpeng, with his mediocre aptitude and perseverance, had ultimately become a well-known Warlock by relying on his extraordinary intelligence, tenacity, and hard work. His name was' Yang Huanzi ', but when the warlocks of this world had vied for the position of the Yin People, his final step had been foiled by a lunatic, and his efforts had been for naught. Brothers, there is a hidden reason. Crazy people took the Yin people away to let the bastard live a little longer, to let ordinary people live a plain and real life. As for his own fate, what he could not escape was to be unable to escape. Facing the loneliness and coldness of a hundred ghosts, he would have to shoulder it all on his own. But the stable life does not last forever, in 2008, the Yangtze River, surprised to find a twisted board carved into the iron plate, broke the quiet life. This was the last entrance to the world's ancient path, and it was bound to cause chaos among the Warlocks. The opponent in the fog came back. Under the efforts of many crazy supporters, he would use any means necessary to extend his life, exhausting all the calculations in his mind just because he wanted to change this unfair and imperfect world after trying to understand the nature of this world. The King Kun Peng, Xu Yunfeng, had found the descendants of the Four Great Families of the Southwest Warlock and had joined forces to lay down the nearly lost Seven Star Arena and the Red Water Killing Formation of the Divine Seal. A battle that lasted for thousands of years. The grievances and grievances had not yet subsided, and their friendship had not yet returned. Their faith still existed, and everything would eventually end here! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - This book has a total of seven lines, five historical two modern, using POV writing intertwined. The five historical clues would eventually interweave into the main story and play a key role. The details are as follows: Counting Sand Division: Xu Yunfeng's Kunpeng, Zhang Wuju. Water Department: Chen Ping, Zhang Liang, Han Xin. Gui Branch: Huang Chang. Listening String Department: Daoyan, Southwest Warlock, Four Great Families. Look at the wax: Ye Gui. Underworld Wars Department: Zhang Tian, let's call it quits. Attached: Jin Zhong, Jin Li.
The Encyclopedia of Taoism
Author: Fabrizio Pregadio
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1135796335
Category : Reference
Languages : en
Pages : 1731
Book Description
The Encyclopedia of Taoism provides comprehensive coverage of Taoist religion, thought and history, reflecting the current state of Taoist scholarship. Taoist studies have progressed beyond any expectation in recent years. Researchers in a number of languages have investigated topics virtually unknown only a few years previously, while others have surveyed for the first time textual, doctrinal and ritual corpora. The Encyclopedia presents the full gamut of this new research. The work contains approximately 1,750 entries, which fall into the following broad categories: surveys of general topics; schools and traditions; persons; texts; terms; deities; immortals; temples and other sacred sites. Terms are given in their original characters, transliterated and translated. Entries are thoroughly cross-referenced and, in addition, 'see also' listings are given at the foot of many entries. Attached to each entry are references taking the reader to a master bibliography at the end of the work. There is chronology of Taoism and the whole is thoroughly indexed. There is no reference work comparable to the Encyclopedia of Taoism in scope and focus. Authored by an international body of experts, the Encyclopedia will be an essential addition to libraries serving students and scholars in the fields of religious studies, philosophy and religion, and Asian history and culture.
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1135796335
Category : Reference
Languages : en
Pages : 1731
Book Description
The Encyclopedia of Taoism provides comprehensive coverage of Taoist religion, thought and history, reflecting the current state of Taoist scholarship. Taoist studies have progressed beyond any expectation in recent years. Researchers in a number of languages have investigated topics virtually unknown only a few years previously, while others have surveyed for the first time textual, doctrinal and ritual corpora. The Encyclopedia presents the full gamut of this new research. The work contains approximately 1,750 entries, which fall into the following broad categories: surveys of general topics; schools and traditions; persons; texts; terms; deities; immortals; temples and other sacred sites. Terms are given in their original characters, transliterated and translated. Entries are thoroughly cross-referenced and, in addition, 'see also' listings are given at the foot of many entries. Attached to each entry are references taking the reader to a master bibliography at the end of the work. There is chronology of Taoism and the whole is thoroughly indexed. There is no reference work comparable to the Encyclopedia of Taoism in scope and focus. Authored by an international body of experts, the Encyclopedia will be an essential addition to libraries serving students and scholars in the fields of religious studies, philosophy and religion, and Asian history and culture.
The Taoist Canon
Author: Kristofer Schipper
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 022672106X
Category : Religion
Languages : en
Pages : 1684
Book Description
Taoism remains the only major religion whose canonical texts have not been systematically arranged and made available for study. This long-awaited work, a milestone in Chinese studies, catalogs and describes all existing texts within the Taoist canon. The result will not only make the entire range of existing Taoist texts accessible to scholars of religion, it will open up a crucial resource in the study of the history of China. The vast literature of the Taoist canon, or Daozang, survives in a Ming Dynasty edition of some fifteen hundred different texts. Compiled under imperial auspices and completed in 1445—with a supplement added in 1607—many of the books in the Daozang concern the history, organization, and liturgy of China's indigenous religion. A large number of works deal with medicine, alchemy, and divination. If scholars have long neglected this unique storehouse of China's religious traditions, it is largely because it was so difficult to find one's way within it. Not only was the rationale of its medieval classification system inoperable for the many new texts that later entered the Daozang, but the system itself was no longer understood by the Ming editors; hence the haphazard arrangement of the canon as it has come down to us. This new work sets out the contents of the Daozang chronologically, allowing the reader to follow the long evolution of Taoist literature. Lavishly illustrated, the first volume ranges from antiquity through the Middle Ages, while the second spans the modern period. Within this frame, texts are grouped by theme and subject. Each one is the subject of a historical abstract that identifies the text's contents, date of origin, and author. Throughout the first two volumes, introductions outline the evolution of Taoism and its spiritual heritage. A third volume offering biographical sketches of frequently mentioned Taoists, multiple indexes, and an extensive bibliography provides critical tools for navigating this guide to one of the fundamental aspects of Chinese culture.
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 022672106X
Category : Religion
Languages : en
Pages : 1684
Book Description
Taoism remains the only major religion whose canonical texts have not been systematically arranged and made available for study. This long-awaited work, a milestone in Chinese studies, catalogs and describes all existing texts within the Taoist canon. The result will not only make the entire range of existing Taoist texts accessible to scholars of religion, it will open up a crucial resource in the study of the history of China. The vast literature of the Taoist canon, or Daozang, survives in a Ming Dynasty edition of some fifteen hundred different texts. Compiled under imperial auspices and completed in 1445—with a supplement added in 1607—many of the books in the Daozang concern the history, organization, and liturgy of China's indigenous religion. A large number of works deal with medicine, alchemy, and divination. If scholars have long neglected this unique storehouse of China's religious traditions, it is largely because it was so difficult to find one's way within it. Not only was the rationale of its medieval classification system inoperable for the many new texts that later entered the Daozang, but the system itself was no longer understood by the Ming editors; hence the haphazard arrangement of the canon as it has come down to us. This new work sets out the contents of the Daozang chronologically, allowing the reader to follow the long evolution of Taoist literature. Lavishly illustrated, the first volume ranges from antiquity through the Middle Ages, while the second spans the modern period. Within this frame, texts are grouped by theme and subject. Each one is the subject of a historical abstract that identifies the text's contents, date of origin, and author. Throughout the first two volumes, introductions outline the evolution of Taoism and its spiritual heritage. A third volume offering biographical sketches of frequently mentioned Taoists, multiple indexes, and an extensive bibliography provides critical tools for navigating this guide to one of the fundamental aspects of Chinese culture.
Daoist Modern
Author: Xun Liu
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 1684174864
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 424
Book Description
"This book explores the Daoist encounter with modernity through the activities of Chen Yingning (1880–1969), a famous lay Daoist master, and his group in early twentieth-century Shanghai. In contrast to the usual narrative of Daoist decay, with its focus on monastic decline, clerical corruption, and popular superstitions, this study tells a story of Daoist resilience, reinvigoration, and revival. Between the 1920s and 1940s, Chen led a group of urban lay followers in pursuing Daoist self-cultivation techniques as a way of ensuring health, promoting spirituality, forging cultural self-identity, building community, and strengthening the nation. In their efforts to renew and reform Daoism, Chen and his followers became deeply engaged with nationalism, science, the religious reform movements, the new urban print culture, and other forces of modernity. Since Chen and his fellow practitioners conceived of the Daoist self-cultivation tradition as a public resource, they also transformed it from an “esoteric” pursuit into a public practice, offering a modernizing society a means of managing the body and the mind and of forging a new cultural, spiritual, and religious identity."
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 1684174864
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 424
Book Description
"This book explores the Daoist encounter with modernity through the activities of Chen Yingning (1880–1969), a famous lay Daoist master, and his group in early twentieth-century Shanghai. In contrast to the usual narrative of Daoist decay, with its focus on monastic decline, clerical corruption, and popular superstitions, this study tells a story of Daoist resilience, reinvigoration, and revival. Between the 1920s and 1940s, Chen led a group of urban lay followers in pursuing Daoist self-cultivation techniques as a way of ensuring health, promoting spirituality, forging cultural self-identity, building community, and strengthening the nation. In their efforts to renew and reform Daoism, Chen and his followers became deeply engaged with nationalism, science, the religious reform movements, the new urban print culture, and other forces of modernity. Since Chen and his fellow practitioners conceived of the Daoist self-cultivation tradition as a public resource, they also transformed it from an “esoteric” pursuit into a public practice, offering a modernizing society a means of managing the body and the mind and of forging a new cultural, spiritual, and religious identity."
Li Bo Unkempt
Author: Kidder Smith
Publisher: punctum books
ISBN: 1953035426
Category : Literary Criticism
Languages : en
Pages : 501
Book Description
Publisher: punctum books
ISBN: 1953035426
Category : Literary Criticism
Languages : en
Pages : 501
Book Description
Images of the Immortal
Author: Paul R. Katz
Publisher: University of Hawaii Press
ISBN: 0824862902
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 328
Book Description
The Palace of Eternal Joy (Yongle gong) is a mammoth cult site dedicated to one of late imperial China’s most popular deities, Lu Dongbin. In one of the first book-length studies of a Chinese sacred site, Paul Katz focuses on the Palace’s role in the development of Lu's legend. This highly innovative approach takes into account the various "histories" of the Palace presented in different texts and surpasses previous scholarship by stressing the ways in which the site both reflected and produced cultural diversity. Katz breaks new ground by analyzing the texts in terms of the textuality--the processes by which they were produced, transmitted, and understood. The study begins with a detailed description of the Palace of Eternal Joy and a brief account of its history. The reader is then introduced to the cult of Lu Dongbin. Special consideration is given to various hagiographical traditions, particularly those that influenced the growth of his cult at Yongle. Throughout late imperial China, a growing number of worshipers (among them scholar-officials, Taoist priests, artisans, and dramatists) created an ever-burgeoning variety of images of Lu, ranging from a patron god of ink-makers and prostitutes to a member of that powerful yet rambunctious group of spirits known as the Eight Immortals. In this context, the author explores the Perfect Realization Taoist movement's adoption of Lu's cult during the Jin and Yuan dynasties and highlight the social and religious factors that led to Lu's immense popularity in north China during the late imperial era. Katz next looks at the four type of inscriptions found at the Palace (commemorative, official, hagiographical, and poetic) and identifies the Palace patrons who worshiped there and contributed to its growth. In the description and analysis of the Palace murals that follow, he divides these works into two types: those painted to provide a setting for, and even an object of, Taoist rituals performed at the Palace; and those used to instruct Perfect Realization Taoists and perhaps pilgrims. The final section traces the reception of the Palace texts among the people of Yongle and its environs. Here Katz examines the ways in which patrons tried to impose their representations of the Palace’s history and the cult of Lu Dongbin on other members of the community and assesses the extent to which these efforts succeeded. Images of the Immortal is richly informed by a wide reading in social, cultural, and literary theory as well as a thorough awareness of previous work in comparative and Chinese religion. Scholars of Taoism, Chinese popular religion, and art history will find it especially rewarding for its thought-provoking reinterpretation of an important religious figure and his cult.
Publisher: University of Hawaii Press
ISBN: 0824862902
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 328
Book Description
The Palace of Eternal Joy (Yongle gong) is a mammoth cult site dedicated to one of late imperial China’s most popular deities, Lu Dongbin. In one of the first book-length studies of a Chinese sacred site, Paul Katz focuses on the Palace’s role in the development of Lu's legend. This highly innovative approach takes into account the various "histories" of the Palace presented in different texts and surpasses previous scholarship by stressing the ways in which the site both reflected and produced cultural diversity. Katz breaks new ground by analyzing the texts in terms of the textuality--the processes by which they were produced, transmitted, and understood. The study begins with a detailed description of the Palace of Eternal Joy and a brief account of its history. The reader is then introduced to the cult of Lu Dongbin. Special consideration is given to various hagiographical traditions, particularly those that influenced the growth of his cult at Yongle. Throughout late imperial China, a growing number of worshipers (among them scholar-officials, Taoist priests, artisans, and dramatists) created an ever-burgeoning variety of images of Lu, ranging from a patron god of ink-makers and prostitutes to a member of that powerful yet rambunctious group of spirits known as the Eight Immortals. In this context, the author explores the Perfect Realization Taoist movement's adoption of Lu's cult during the Jin and Yuan dynasties and highlight the social and religious factors that led to Lu's immense popularity in north China during the late imperial era. Katz next looks at the four type of inscriptions found at the Palace (commemorative, official, hagiographical, and poetic) and identifies the Palace patrons who worshiped there and contributed to its growth. In the description and analysis of the Palace murals that follow, he divides these works into two types: those painted to provide a setting for, and even an object of, Taoist rituals performed at the Palace; and those used to instruct Perfect Realization Taoists and perhaps pilgrims. The final section traces the reception of the Palace texts among the people of Yongle and its environs. Here Katz examines the ways in which patrons tried to impose their representations of the Palace’s history and the cult of Lu Dongbin on other members of the community and assesses the extent to which these efforts succeeded. Images of the Immortal is richly informed by a wide reading in social, cultural, and literary theory as well as a thorough awareness of previous work in comparative and Chinese religion. Scholars of Taoism, Chinese popular religion, and art history will find it especially rewarding for its thought-provoking reinterpretation of an important religious figure and his cult.
General Theory of Taoism
Author: Hu Fuchen
Publisher: Paths International Ltd
ISBN: 1844640957
Category : Religion
Languages : en
Pages : 396
Book Description
To understand Taoism is to understand the roots of contemporary Chinese culture. This hugely significant new book from Hu Fuchen highlights the significance of Taoism in modern day China, and supplies detailed information covering all aspects of a philosophical and religious tradition which is followed by as many as 400 million people worldwide. Comprehensive and user-friendly, the author outlines the principle theories and categories of Taoism covering each aspect in great detail. Whether new to the subject or a follower, this essential book will enable you to better understand all aspects Taoism and appreciate its central role within a newly reformed China.
Publisher: Paths International Ltd
ISBN: 1844640957
Category : Religion
Languages : en
Pages : 396
Book Description
To understand Taoism is to understand the roots of contemporary Chinese culture. This hugely significant new book from Hu Fuchen highlights the significance of Taoism in modern day China, and supplies detailed information covering all aspects of a philosophical and religious tradition which is followed by as many as 400 million people worldwide. Comprehensive and user-friendly, the author outlines the principle theories and categories of Taoism covering each aspect in great detail. Whether new to the subject or a follower, this essential book will enable you to better understand all aspects Taoism and appreciate its central role within a newly reformed China.
World Religions at Your Fingertips
Author: Michael McDowell, Ph.D
Publisher: Penguin
ISBN: 1101014695
Category : Religion
Languages : en
Pages : 356
Book Description
Quick reference to the major religions of the world. With World Religions at Your Fingertips, readers can quickly learn anything they need to know about Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism, Mormonism, Shinto, Sikhism, Taoism, and more. From reincarnation to resurrection, the Four Noble Truths to the Ten Commandments, this book covers the gamut of religious concepts and beliefs throughout the world in concise but complete bites that are easy to find and simple to understand. • Allows readers to dip in quickly to get the information they need immediately • Thumb tabs and other navigational aids make this the quintessential reference book on world religion • Content is thorough and even-handed
Publisher: Penguin
ISBN: 1101014695
Category : Religion
Languages : en
Pages : 356
Book Description
Quick reference to the major religions of the world. With World Religions at Your Fingertips, readers can quickly learn anything they need to know about Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism, Mormonism, Shinto, Sikhism, Taoism, and more. From reincarnation to resurrection, the Four Noble Truths to the Ten Commandments, this book covers the gamut of religious concepts and beliefs throughout the world in concise but complete bites that are easy to find and simple to understand. • Allows readers to dip in quickly to get the information they need immediately • Thumb tabs and other navigational aids make this the quintessential reference book on world religion • Content is thorough and even-handed
The Way of Complete Perfection
Author:
Publisher: SUNY Press
ISBN: 1438446519
Category : Religion
Languages : en
Pages : 470
Book Description
An anthology of English translations of primary texts of the Quanzhen (Complete Perfection) school of Daoism.
Publisher: SUNY Press
ISBN: 1438446519
Category : Religion
Languages : en
Pages : 470
Book Description
An anthology of English translations of primary texts of the Quanzhen (Complete Perfection) school of Daoism.