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Author: Frank M. Snowden
Publisher: Harvard University Press
ISBN: 9780674076266
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 396
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Book Description
Investigates the participation of black Africans, usually referred to as "Ethiopians," by the Greek and Romans, in classical civilization, concluding that they were accepted by pagans and Christians without prejudice.
Author: Frank M. Snowden
Publisher: Harvard University Press
ISBN: 9780674076266
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 396
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Book Description
Investigates the participation of black Africans, usually referred to as "Ethiopians," by the Greek and Romans, in classical civilization, concluding that they were accepted by pagans and Christians without prejudice.
Author: Rufus O Jimerson
Publisher: Independently Published
ISBN: 9781093196696
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 186
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Book Description
The purpose of this book is to resurrect the truth regarding the original black founders and developers of Greek and Roman Civilizations from being buries by whitewashing which falsely accredited Indo-Europeans. The book, in doing so, examines the extent of the Global African Civilization which was plagiarized by Aryan Greeks and Romans. It dispels the myth that these foundations of Western Civilization were homogenous and white. They were multiracial and multicultural societies until their identities were transformed by the hordes of white barbarians who became a majority in Rome and Athens by the 4th century of the Christian Era (CE) or After the Death of Christ (AD). Black migrants from Africa brought Kemetian civilization from the Nile Valley out of Kush and Nubia (Modern day Sudan, Ethiopia, Somali, and Egypt) to establish Athens, other Greek city-states, and Rome on the Italian peninsula. The focal point of the growth of civilization in the Mediterrean region that would reach all continents was trade, commerce, and ensuing acquisition of wealth accrued by African maritime empires and that of Kemet (Early Egypt), both of which grew from colonies established by Kush. The latter empire mined gold used to finance ship building, exploration, building cities, employing mercenaries, and promoting reading and writing to cultivate invention, as well as record and codify business transactions and laws. The pattern for growth and spread of civilization began with trade between trading posts and empires with the latter their becoming colonies. These colonies would become independent city-states and grow into empires themselves by establishing markets for trade and turning them into colonies. The cyclical pattern of development was ruled by Black Africans and their direct descendants for more than 3,000 years before the onset of the Aryan-dominated Christian Era. The focus of this book is antiquity prior to the Aryan invasion of civilization which initiated the Middle Ages or Dark Ages and setbacks in the West that lasted a millennium until the Renaissance was built on rediscovery of the African Mystery System.The research unveiled demonstrates that Greece and Rome were multiracial societies. Their identity was stolen by Eurasian barbarians who flooded the empire during the era when Serapis was transformed from Horus to Jesus Christ and Christianity became the state religion of the Roman empire. This transformation at the end of this book began with the Council of Nicaea. This book focuses on antiquity beginning about 3,000 B.C., when Ancient African Empires ruled civilization on all continents building markets, trading goods, accruing wealth, spreading literacy, and building pyramids.
Author: Hans Beck
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108485774
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 481
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Book Description
A comparative study of the ancient Mediterranean and Han China, seen through the lens of political culture.
Author: Martin Bernal
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Greece
Languages : en
Pages : 575
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Book Description
Author: Antony Spawforth
Publisher: Yale University Press
ISBN: 0300217110
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 403
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Book Description
The extraordinary story of the intermingled civilizations of ancient Greece and Rome, spanning more than six millennia from the late Bronze Age to the seventh century The magnificent civilization created by the ancient Greeks and Romans is the greatest legacy of the classical world. However, narratives about the "civilized" Greek and Roman empires resisting the barbarians at the gate are far from accurate. Tony Spawforth, an esteemed scholar, author, and media contributor, follows the thread of civilization through more than six millennia of history. His story reveals that Greek and Roman civilization, to varying degrees, was supremely and surprisingly receptive to external influences, particularly from the East. From the rise of the Mycenaean world of the sixteenth century B.C., Spawforth traces a path through the ancient Aegean to the zenith of the Hellenic state and the rise of the Roman empire, the coming of Christianity and the consequences of the first caliphate. Deeply informed, provocative, and entirely fresh, this is the first and only accessible work that tells the extraordinary story of the classical world in its entirety.
Author: Nashid Al-Amin
Publisher: Trafford Publishing
ISBN: 1466960035
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 367
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Book Description
Why is it that encyclopedias assert the Vikings, or Norsemen, landed in parts of North America, yet the Vikings have never been credited with its "discovery"? Historians bestow this honor on Christopher Columbus, who ventured here five hundred years after the Vikings, having never set foot on the continent! True Myth: Black Vikings of the Middle Ages takes the reader where he or she has never been before. We have always been told that Vikings, or Norsemen, were tall, blond, white and blue-eyed--an image that has been presented to us in books and films. Now comes a book that challenges this centuries-old assertion, presenting evidence that these vaunted warriors were not the people popular historians have told us they were. The author presents evidence that white-skinned peoples in England, Ireland, and Wales referred to Vikings as black pagans and black devils. The extent of their dominance in Europe is examined--in fact, the author presents a reassessment of Europe that some readers will find difficult to believe, beginning with man's migrations into the continent and examining a number of black-skinned peoples who called Europe home from very ancient times almost to the present. The reader has never read a book like this--filled with quotations from noted historians as well as from several Icelandic sagas--that will take the reader on a journey he or she has never imagined! A more accurate picture of Europe has never been presented before. The writer revisits the last ice age, presents evidence of the heavy presence of blacks in ancient Europe, and revisits ancient Greece, Rome, and areas of Asia, discussing the presence of black-skinned peoples in them before arriving in Viking-age Scandinavia when Norsemen embarked on a three-century-long assault on the continent and began migrating to Iceland and other areas of North America. Once the reader has completed True Myth: Black Vikings of the Middle Ages, he or she will have to question what he or she has been taught, historians once thought to be trustworthy, and the notion that the races were strictly divided and had never intermingled. There has never been a truer picture of Europe written, and the reader now has the opportunity to embark on the most thrilling journey he or she will ever take.
Author: H. W. F. Saggs
Publisher: Yale University Press
ISBN: 9780300174168
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 356
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Book Description
For many centuries it was accepted that civilization began with the Greeks and Romans. During the last two hundred years, however, archaeological discoveries in Egypt, Mesopotamia, Crete, Syria, Anatolia, Iran, and the Indus Valley have revealed that rich cultures existed in these regions some two thousand years before the Greco-Roman era. In this fascinating work, H.W.F Saggs presents a wide-ranging survey of the more notable achievements of these societies, showing how much the ancient peoples of the Near and Middle East have influenced the patterns of our daily lives. Saggs discussesthe the invention of writing, tracing it from the earliest pictograms (designed for account-keeping) to the Phoenician alphabet, the source of the Greek and all European alphabets. He investigates teh curricula, teaching methods, and values of the schools from which scribes graduated. Analyzing the provisions of some of the law codes, he illustrates the operation of international law and the international trade that it made possible. Saggs highlights the creative ways that these ancient peoples used their natural resources, describing the vast works in stone created by the Egyptians, the development of technology in bronze and iron, and the introduction of useful plants into regions outside their natural habitat. In chapters on mathematics, astronomy, and medicine, he offers interesting explanations about how modern calculations of time derive from the ancient world, how the Egyptians practiced scientific surgery, and how the Babylonians used algebra. The book concludes with a discussion of ancient religion, showing its evolution from the most primitive forms toward monotheism.
Author: Robin Waterfield
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0199916896
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 321
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Book Description
Addressing a marginalized era of Greek and Roman history, Taken at the Flood offers a compelling narrative of Rome's conquest of Greece.
Author: Denise Eileen McCoskey
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN: 0755697855
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 323
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Book Description
How do different cultures think about race? In the modern era, racial distinctiveness has been assessed primarily in terms of a person's physical appearance. But it was not always so. As Denise McCoskey shows, the ancient Greeks and Romans did not use skin colour as the basis for categorising ethnic disparity. The colour of one's skin lies at the foundation of racial variability today because it was used during the heyday of European exploration and colonialism to construct a hierarchy of civilizations and then justify slavery and other forms of economic exploitation. Assumptions about race thus have to take into account factors other than mere physiognomy. This is particularly true in relation to the classical world. In fifth century Athens, racial theory during the Persian Wars produced the categories 'Greek' and 'Barbarian', and set them in brutal opposition to one another: a process that could be as intense and destructive as 'black and 'white' in our own age. Ideas about race in antiquity were therefore completely distinct but as closely bound to political and historical contexts as those that came later. This provocative book boldly explores the complex matrices of race - and the differing interpretations of ancient and modern - across epic, tragedy and the novel. Ranging from Theocritus to Toni Morrison, and from Tacitus and Pliny to Bernal's seminal study Black Athena, this is a powerful and original new assessment.
Author: Clarence E. Walker
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0195357302
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 210
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Book Description
Afrocentrism has been a controversial but popular movement in schools and universities across America, as well as in black communities. But in We Can't Go Home Again, historian Clarence E. Walker puts Afrocentrism to the acid test, in a thoughtful, passionate, and often blisteringly funny analysis that melts away the pretensions of this "therapeutic mythology." As expounded by Molefi Kete Asante, Yosef Ben-Jochannan, and others, Afrocentrism encourages black Americans to discard their recent history, with its inescapable white presence, and to embrace instead an empowering vision of their African (specifically Egyptian) ancestors as the source of western civilization. Walker marshals a phalanx of serious scholarship to rout these ideas. He shows, for instance, that ancient Egyptian society was not black but a melange of ethnic groups, and questions whether, in any case, the pharaonic regime offers a model for blacks today, asking "if everybody was a King, who built the pyramids?" But for Walker, Afrocentrism is more than simply bad history--it substitutes a feel-good myth of the past for an attempt to grapple with the problems that still confront blacks in a racist society. The modern American black identity is the product of centuries of real history, as Africans and their descendants created new, hybrid cultures--mixing many African ethnic influences with native and European elements. Afrocentrism replaces this complex history with a dubious claim to distant glory. "Afrocentrism offers not an empowering understanding of black Americans' past," Walker concludes, "but a pastiche of 'alien traditions' held together by simplistic fantasies." More to the point, this specious history denies to black Americans the dignity, and power, that springs from an honest understanding of their real history.
