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Author: Kristina Alexander
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sonar
Languages : en
Pages : 48
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Book Description
This report discusses litigation regarding the use of mid-frequency active sonar training exercises and its effects on marine mammals.
Author: Kristina Alexander
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sonar
Languages : en
Pages : 48
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Book Description
This report discusses litigation regarding the use of mid-frequency active sonar training exercises and its effects on marine mammals.
Author:
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1437929613
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 18
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 908
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Book Description
Author: Randall S. Abate
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190297603
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 699
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Book Description
Ocean and coastal law has grown rapidly in the past three decades as a specialty area within natural resources law and environmental law. The protection of oceans has received increased attention in the past decade because of sea-level rise, ocean acidification, the global overfishing crisis, widespread depletion of marine biodiversity such as marine mammals and coral reefs, and marine pollution. Paralleling the growth of ocean and coastal law, climate change regulation has emerged as a focus of international environmental diplomacy, and has gained increased attention in the wake of disturbing and abrupt climate change related impacts throughout the world that have profound implications for ocean and coastal regulation and marine resources. Climate Change Impacts on Ocean and Coastal Law effectively unites these two worlds. It raises important questions about whether and how ocean and coastal law will respond to the regulatory challenges that climate change presents to resources in the oceans and coasts of the U.S. and the world. This comprehensive work assembles the insights of global experts from academia and major NGOs (e.g., Center for International Environmental Law, Ocean Conservancy, and Environmental Law Institute) to address regulatory challenges from the perspectives of U.S. law, foreign domestic law, and international law.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Courts-martial and courts of inquiry
Languages : en
Pages : 174
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 698
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Courts-martial and courts of inquiry
Languages : en
Pages : 166
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Book Description
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Department of Defense
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 716
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Book Description
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Defense
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Government publications
Languages : en
Pages : 716
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Marine biology
Languages : en
Pages : 14
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Book Description
The deployment of active sonar by the U.S. Navy and its potential impacts on marine mammals has been an ongoing issue of intense debate; regulatory, legislative, and judicial activity; and international concern. Some peacetime use of military sonar has been regulated under the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) and other statutes due to concerns that active military sonars are operated at frequencies used by some cetaceans (i.e., whales, porpoises, and dolphins), and their high-intensity sound pulses may travel long distances in the ocean. There is also concern that sonar transmissions of sufficiently high intensity might physically damage the hearing in cetaceans or cause them to modify their behavior in ways that are detrimental. Although mid-frequency sonar has been implicated in several beaked whale strandings, there is scientific uncertainty surrounding the totality of the effects active sonar transmissions may have on marine mammals. This report summarizes legal and political events related to active sonar and marine mammals since 1994. Prior to the late 1990s, concerns focused primarily on the use of underwater sound as a research tool. While strandings and mortality of marine mammals, primarily beaked whales, have been observed in concurrence with mid-frequency sonar operation, additional controversy has focused on the development of low-frequency active (LFA) sonar. Environmental interests are concerned with LFA sonar because low-frequency sound travels farther than mid-frequency sound and is closer in frequency to those known to be used by baleen whales. Additional questions involve how to balance obligations of the military to comply with MMPA provisions (as well as provisions of the National Environmental Policy Act and the Endangered Species Act) with national security concerns. Generally speaking, concern about the environmental effects of ocean noise is now principally focused on three activities -- military sonar exercises, oil and gas exploration, and commercial shipping. This report summarizes some of the more significant recent events pertaining to active military sonar, in particular.
