Vitamin D Status and 5‐Year Changes in Periodontal Disease Measures Among Postmenopausal Women: The Buffalo OsteoPerio Study PDF Download
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Languages : en
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Author: Rachel Rizzo
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 173
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Objectives: Limited data have been published on relationships between periodontal disease and physical functioning measures in adults. Cross-sectional studies suggest that there is an inverse relationship between periodontal disease and physical function; however the sequence of temporality is unknown. This association has only been reported longitudinally once showing a positive association between baseline periodontal disease status and risk of impaired functional status, and the association has not been studied exclusively in postmenopausal women, a growing population subgroup that may be particularly vulnerable to both conditions. OBJECTIVES: (1) To determine whether objective measures of periodontal disease (clinical attachment loss [CAL] and pocket depth [PD]) at baseline predict self-reported physical functioning assessed five years postbaseline in a well-characterized cohort of postmenopausal women, and the extent to which this association is independent of relevant confounding factors including reported physical functioning at baseline. (2) To determine if the association between periodontal disease measures and reported physical functioning is modified by age, BMI-defined weight status, or usual physical activity levels at baseline. METHODS: This study was conducted in a defined cohort of postmenopausal women who are enrolled in the Buffalo Osteo-Perio Study, ancillary to the national Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. Of the 1,341 women enrolled in the Osteo-Perio baseline study, 939 have complete data on periodontal measures at baseline and assessments of physical function by the RAND-36 questionnaire at baseline and at follow-up 5 years postbaseline. Periodontal measures were assessed by trained dental clinicians using a standard protocol. CAL and PD were considered as the primary exposure variables, and the physical component summary score of the RAND-36 at follow-up was considered as the primary outcome variable. Selected covariables were evaluated as potential confounders using standard epidemiologic methods.^The first hypothesis was tested using a continuous variable model (CAL or PD in mm and the RAND-36 score, 0-100) and as also using a categorical variable model (clinical periodontal disease status as defined by the AAP/CDC criteria for no/mild, moderate, and severe periodontal disease and low physical function defined as the lowest 25th percentile of physical function at follow-up in this sample). Several individual-level characteristics assessed at baseline were considered as potential confounding factors using standard epidemiologic measures. The second hypothesis was tested by stratifying the association between periodontal measures and physical functioning score (linear model) on categories of baseline age, BMI, and usual physical activity. Regression coefficients (and 95% confidence intervals [CI]) were inspected for heterogeneity, and the cross-products interaction term, and its p-value, from the regression model are reported. RESULTS: Mean (±SD) age at baseline was 65. 8 ± 6. 6 years, and about 25% of women were 70 years or older. The majority of women were Caucasian (97%), college educated (79% with at least some college) and currently married (71%). The cohort was relatively healthy with the prevalence of obesity, physical inactivity, cigarette smoking, and history of diagnosed diabetes, CVD, osteo- and rheumatoid arthritis lower than expected in women of similar age nationally. Likewise, the cohort reported exceptional oral hygiene with>70% of women indicating they brushed teeth at least twice per day, flossed at least twice per week, and visited the dentist at least once per year. The prevalence of severe periodontal disease (by CDC/AAP criteria) was 15%, and mean physical function scores were 50. 7 ± 11. 6 units (range = 6 - 66 units). At follow-up, physical function scores had declined from baseline values. The mean score at follow-up was 47. 3 ± 13. 0 (range = 2 - 66), which corresponds to a 6. 7% decrease, on average, between baseline and follow-up. When considered in continuous models after adjustment for age and baseline physical function score, there was no association between baseline whole mouth mean CAL (b = 0. 17, 95% CI = -0. 75 - 1. 11, p = . 71) or PD (b = 0. 68, 95% CI = -0. 87 - 2. 24, p = . 39) and post-baseline physical functioning. Repeating analyses using categorical models yielded similarly null results. There was no statistical evidence of interaction when continuous models included cross-product terms for CAL or PD with baseline categories of age, BMI, and usual physical activity; nor was their visual evidence of effect modification when these models were considered in stratified format. Exploratory ad hoc analyses using various alternative definitions for exposure and outcome variables generally yielded similar null findings. CONCLUSIONS: These data from a prospective cohort study suggest that periodontal disease, as assessed by several objective clinical measures, is not associated with self-reported physical function five years later, in older generally healthy postmenopausal women. Use of a subjective assessment of physical functioning, a relatively short follow-up interval, and the relatively healthy study cohort may partly account for findings contrary to the study hypothesis.
Author: Sonja Pavlesen
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 59
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Vitamin D is hypothesized to influence development of periodontal disease (PD). Maintaining an adequate status of vitamin D is essential for bone health and vitamin D is hypothesized to also be important to the body's immune response. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no studies that have investigated the association between blood concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), a biomarker of vitamin D status, and tooth loss due to periodontal disease and caries in a large epidemiologic study. Previous studies on vitamin D and tooth loss have not used the biomarker of 25(OH)D and have not differentiated reason for tooth loss in their analyses. Purpose: Using data from the Osteoporosis and Periodontal Disease Study (OsteoPerio), an ancillary study of the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study, we investigated the association between the plasma 25(OH)D concentrations and self-reported tooth loss due to any reasons (n=690), periodontal disease (n=75) and caries (n=615), assessed via self-report at the study baseline (1997-2000), among 857 postmenopausal women. Methods: The number of teeth present together with the number of teeth missing was assessed at the study baseline oral examination performed by trained dental health professional examiners. Information about the specific reason for every missing tooth was self-reported to the oral examiner during the oral examination. Plasma 25(OH)D concentrations were determined using the chemiluminescence DiaSorin LIAISON ℗ assay. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for tooth loss due to any reasons and by specific reason (periodontal disease and caries) according to the vitamin D status based on 25(OH)D concentration in nmol/L: deficient 25(OH)D 30, inadequate 25(OH)D 30 to 50, adequate 50 to 75, and adequate ≥75. Deficient status was used as the referent group. ORs were adjusted for age, annual family income, pack-years of smoking, frequency of dental visits, waist circumference and recreational physical activity. P for trend was estimated by using median 25(OH)D concentration in each vitamin D status category as an independent, ordinal variable in the model. We also examined effect modification by daily total calcium intake (md/day). A p for interaction of
Author: Elizabeth A. McLean-Plunkett
Publisher:
ISBN:
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Languages : en
Pages : 86
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Background: Vitamin D (VitD) and calcium (Ca) are hypothesized to play important roles in reducing bone destruction in periodontal disease (PD). To our knowledge, we conducted the first large epidemiologic study investigating associations between PD, assessed by alveolar crestal height (ACH), and intake of these nutrients in aging women. Purpose: We investigated the cross-sectional association between intake of these nutrients and PD among 1,240 postmenopausal women in the Osteoporosis and Periodontal Disease (OsteoPerio) Study, an ancillary study of the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (WHIOS). Methods: At WHIOS baseline (1994-1997), dietary and supplemental VitD (IU/day) and Ca (mg/day) intake were assessed using food frequency questionnaires and medication reviews. At OsteoPerio baseline (1997-2000), ACH was assessed from intraoral radiographs and used to define prevalence of any PD 941 (76%). Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for PD by category of nutrient intake. ORs were adjusted for age, hormone therapy use (HT), education, smoking, race and flossing frequency. Results: No significant associations were observed between PD and total VitD intake (OR (95%) for quintile 5(high) vs. 1(low)=1. 20 (0. 79-1. 82); p-trend=0. 25) or total Ca intake (0. 82 (0. 53-1. 26); p-trend=0. 78). Results were similar when dietary and supplemental intakes were considered separately. Additionally, these findings did not differ by severity of PD (mild/moderate or severe PD). Associations were not statistically significantly modified by sunlight exposure, smoking, age, HT, current osteoporosis, or body mass index. Conclusions: In this sample of generally healthy postmenopausal women with relatively normal VitD and Ca intakes, neither of these nutrient exposures were associated with prevalent PD assessed using a measure of ACH.
Author: Michael G. Newman
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 032353323X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1991
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From basic science and fundamental procedures to the latest advanced techniques in reconstructive, esthetic, and implant therapy, Newman and Carranza's Clinical Periodontology, 13th Edition is the resource you can count on to help master the most current information and techniques in periodontology. Full color photos, illustrations, and radiographs show you how to perform periodontal procedures, while renowned experts from across the globe explain the evidence supporting each treatment and lend their knowledge on how to best manage the outcomes. UNIQUE! Expert Consult platform offers a versatile print and digital resources that help bring text information to life. UNIQUE! Bonus content on Expert Consult includes multiple-choice self-assessment questions with instant feedback, chapter review PowerPoint slides, videos clips, case studies, and more. UNIQUE! Periodontal Pathology Atlas contains the most comprehensive collection of cases found anywhere. Full-color photos and anatomical drawings clearly demonstrate core concepts and reinforce important principles. UNIQUE! Chapter opener boxes in the print book alert readers when more comprehensive coverage of topics is available in the online version of the text. NEW! Chapters updated to meet the current exam requirements for the essentials in periodontal education. NEW! Case-based clinical scenarios incorporated throughout the book mimic the new patient case format used in credentialing exams. NEW! Additional tables, boxes, and graphics highlight need-to-know information. NEW! Virtual microscope on Expert Consult offers easy access to high-resolution views of select pathology images. NEW! Two new chapters cover periimplantitis and resolving inflammation. NEW! Section on evidence-based practice consists of two chapters covering evidence-based decision making and critical thinking.
Author: Öner Özdemir
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1839693495
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 198
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This book examines the sometimes controversial role of vitamin D in various health problems. Divided into four sections, chapters cover such topics as vitamin D deficiency in women, newborns, and the elderly, as well as the role of vitamin D in COVID-19, autism spectrum disorder, diabetes, dental diseases, and central nervous system pathological processes.
Author: Michael G. Newman
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0323878881
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1877
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**Selected for Doody's Core Titles® 2024 in Dentistry** Learn and master a range of clinical techniques and achieve therapeutic goals with Newman and Carranza's Clinical Periodontology and Implantology, 14th Edition! Unmatched for its comprehensive approach, this resource provides detailed, up-to-date information on the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Basic and advanced evidence-based information on the various treatment modalities employed in periodontics and implantology is presented in an easy-to-read format, with callout boxes throughout the text highlighting the clinical relevance of foundational basic science information. Full-color photos and radiographic images depict periodontal conditions and procedures, and the Atlas of Periodontal Pathology is one of the most comprehensive ever compiled in a periodontal textbook. Written by a team of leading experts led by Michael G. Newman, this text not only demonstrates how to perform periodontal procedures but explains the evidence supporting each treatment and provides knowledge on how to achieve the best possible outcomes of periodontal therapy and implant treatment. An eBook version is included with print purchase, providing access to all the text, figures, and references, plus the ability to search, customize content, make notes and highlights, and have content read aloud. The eBook version included with print purchase also includes Periopixel 3D color illustrations, a periodontal classification calculator and interactive learning tool, review questions, case studies, videos, 3D animations, and more! This edition features new chapters on Precision Medicine, Pocket Reduction Therapy, Periodontal Referral, and Digital Implant Workflows, as well as an updated glossary of terms linked to the eBook. It also features first-of-its-kind content on the effects of COVID-19 on treatment from key opinion leaders in this area. Case studies reflect the new format of the Integrated National Board Dental Exam (INBDE). - Full-color photos, illustrations, radiographs, animations, simulations, and videos demonstrate how to perform periodontal and implant procedures. - Current information on clinical techniques in periodontology and the latest advances in basic science. - Evidence-based treatment planning provides knowledge on how to achieve the best possible outcomes of periodontal therapy and implant treatment. - Extensive color atlas of periodontal pathology - Internationally known experts contribute chapters on their areas of specialty. - An eBook version is included with print purchase, providing access to all the text, figures, and references, plus the ability to search, customize content, make notes and highlights, and have content read aloud.
Author: F.V. Zohoori
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN: 331806517X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 165
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Book Description
Most oral diseases are preventable, yet they remain the most globally common noncommunicable disorders, affecting people throughout their lifetime. Lifestyle, including diet and food choice, is central to the occurrence of oral disease. Nutrition and diet can impact the development and status of the oral cavity as well as the progression of illness. Also, poor oral health can influence the ability to eat and, consequently, to maintain an adequate diet and nutrient balance. This book, consisting of 14 chapters, provides current information on the impact of nutrients (macro- and micro-elements and vitamins) and diet on oral health and vice versa (i.e., the impact of oral health on diet/nutrition). It also reviews possible oral health effects of probiotics as well as relationships between genotype and diet, which are important for determining oral disease risk. This book is a helpful resource for under- and postgraduate students. It will also be useful to dentists and nutritionists/dietitians as they integrate nutrition education into medical practice.
Author: Michelle W. Sahli
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 75
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Background: Studies have found an association between 25(OH)D concentrations and periodontal disease, which may be explained in part by vitamin D's antimicrobial properties. To our knowledge, no study has investigated the relationship between 25(OH)D and the prevalence of pathogenic oral bacteria, a putative cause of periodontal disease. Purpose: We examined the cross-sectional (1997-2000) relationship between plasma 25(OH)D concentrations and prevalence of five pathogenic oral bacteria among postmenopausal women in the OsteoPerio ancillary study of the Buffalo center of the Women's Health Initiative. Methods: Subgingival plaque samples were assessed for the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythensis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia and Campylobacter rectus using indirect immunofluorescent microscopy Plasma 25(OH)D concentrations were determined using the DiaSorin LIAISON® chemiluminescence method. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for prevalent pathogenic bacteria by quintile (Q) of 25(OH)D concentration adjusting for body mass index as a potential confounder. Results: Of the 856 participants, 289 (34%) had low (
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Languages : en
Pages : 0
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The overall purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between skeletal and oral bone density, identify factors influencing bone loss, and determine the relationship between osteoporosis and oral bone loss, periodontal disease and tooth loss. We hypothesize that reduction in bone density leading to osteoporosis, plays a significant role in increasing susceptibility to destructive periodontitis and tooth loss. Sensitive and accurate measures of skeletal and oral bone mineral density, periodontal disease and tooth loss will be used, A wide variety of other risk factors for both osteopenia and periodontal disease will be assessed. A total of 1300 subjects are being recruited from an ongoing NIH funded study cohort, the Women's Health Initiative (WHI). Preliminary research findings from our pilot study determined that bone loss in the hip or spine is strongly associated bone loss in the jaw. Also, that bone loss in the hip was associated with tooth loss even when controlling for factors such as age, menopause, estrogen use, body mass and smoking. We have just completed year one of a four year study. Data collection will continue into year-4, as such, findings are not yet available to report.
