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Author: Elizabeth A. McLean-Plunkett
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 86
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Book Description
Background: Vitamin D (VitD) and calcium (Ca) are hypothesized to play important roles in reducing bone destruction in periodontal disease (PD). To our knowledge, we conducted the first large epidemiologic study investigating associations between PD, assessed by alveolar crestal height (ACH), and intake of these nutrients in aging women. Purpose: We investigated the cross-sectional association between intake of these nutrients and PD among 1,240 postmenopausal women in the Osteoporosis and Periodontal Disease (OsteoPerio) Study, an ancillary study of the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (WHIOS). Methods: At WHIOS baseline (1994-1997), dietary and supplemental VitD (IU/day) and Ca (mg/day) intake were assessed using food frequency questionnaires and medication reviews. At OsteoPerio baseline (1997-2000), ACH was assessed from intraoral radiographs and used to define prevalence of any PD 941 (76%). Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for PD by category of nutrient intake. ORs were adjusted for age, hormone therapy use (HT), education, smoking, race and flossing frequency. Results: No significant associations were observed between PD and total VitD intake (OR (95%) for quintile 5(high) vs. 1(low)=1. 20 (0. 79-1. 82); p-trend=0. 25) or total Ca intake (0. 82 (0. 53-1. 26); p-trend=0. 78). Results were similar when dietary and supplemental intakes were considered separately. Additionally, these findings did not differ by severity of PD (mild/moderate or severe PD). Associations were not statistically significantly modified by sunlight exposure, smoking, age, HT, current osteoporosis, or body mass index. Conclusions: In this sample of generally healthy postmenopausal women with relatively normal VitD and Ca intakes, neither of these nutrient exposures were associated with prevalent PD assessed using a measure of ACH.
Author: Elizabeth A. McLean-Plunkett
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 86
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Book Description
Background: Vitamin D (VitD) and calcium (Ca) are hypothesized to play important roles in reducing bone destruction in periodontal disease (PD). To our knowledge, we conducted the first large epidemiologic study investigating associations between PD, assessed by alveolar crestal height (ACH), and intake of these nutrients in aging women. Purpose: We investigated the cross-sectional association between intake of these nutrients and PD among 1,240 postmenopausal women in the Osteoporosis and Periodontal Disease (OsteoPerio) Study, an ancillary study of the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (WHIOS). Methods: At WHIOS baseline (1994-1997), dietary and supplemental VitD (IU/day) and Ca (mg/day) intake were assessed using food frequency questionnaires and medication reviews. At OsteoPerio baseline (1997-2000), ACH was assessed from intraoral radiographs and used to define prevalence of any PD 941 (76%). Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for PD by category of nutrient intake. ORs were adjusted for age, hormone therapy use (HT), education, smoking, race and flossing frequency. Results: No significant associations were observed between PD and total VitD intake (OR (95%) for quintile 5(high) vs. 1(low)=1. 20 (0. 79-1. 82); p-trend=0. 25) or total Ca intake (0. 82 (0. 53-1. 26); p-trend=0. 78). Results were similar when dietary and supplemental intakes were considered separately. Additionally, these findings did not differ by severity of PD (mild/moderate or severe PD). Associations were not statistically significantly modified by sunlight exposure, smoking, age, HT, current osteoporosis, or body mass index. Conclusions: In this sample of generally healthy postmenopausal women with relatively normal VitD and Ca intakes, neither of these nutrient exposures were associated with prevalent PD assessed using a measure of ACH.
Author: Sonja Pavlesen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 59
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Book Description
Vitamin D is hypothesized to influence development of periodontal disease (PD). Maintaining an adequate status of vitamin D is essential for bone health and vitamin D is hypothesized to also be important to the body's immune response. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no studies that have investigated the association between blood concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), a biomarker of vitamin D status, and tooth loss due to periodontal disease and caries in a large epidemiologic study. Previous studies on vitamin D and tooth loss have not used the biomarker of 25(OH)D and have not differentiated reason for tooth loss in their analyses. Purpose: Using data from the Osteoporosis and Periodontal Disease Study (OsteoPerio), an ancillary study of the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study, we investigated the association between the plasma 25(OH)D concentrations and self-reported tooth loss due to any reasons (n=690), periodontal disease (n=75) and caries (n=615), assessed via self-report at the study baseline (1997-2000), among 857 postmenopausal women. Methods: The number of teeth present together with the number of teeth missing was assessed at the study baseline oral examination performed by trained dental health professional examiners. Information about the specific reason for every missing tooth was self-reported to the oral examiner during the oral examination. Plasma 25(OH)D concentrations were determined using the chemiluminescence DiaSorin LIAISON ℗ assay. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for tooth loss due to any reasons and by specific reason (periodontal disease and caries) according to the vitamin D status based on 25(OH)D concentration in nmol/L: deficient 25(OH)D 30, inadequate 25(OH)D 30 to 50, adequate 50 to 75, and adequate ≥75. Deficient status was used as the referent group. ORs were adjusted for age, annual family income, pack-years of smoking, frequency of dental visits, waist circumference and recreational physical activity. P for trend was estimated by using median 25(OH)D concentration in each vitamin D status category as an independent, ordinal variable in the model. We also examined effect modification by daily total calcium intake (md/day). A p for interaction of
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309163943
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1133
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Book Description
Calcium and vitamin D are essential nutrients for the human body. Establishing the levels of these nutrients that are needed by the North American population is based on the understanding of the health outcomes that calcium and vitamin D affect. It is also important to establish how much of each nutrient may be "too much." Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D provides reference intake values for these two nutrients. The report updates the DRI values defined in Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride, the 1997 study from the Institute of Medicine. This 2011 book provides background information on the biological functions of each nutrient, reviews health outcomes that are associated with the intake of calcium and vitamin D, and specifies Estimated Average Requirements and Recommended Dietary Allowances for both. It also identifies Tolerable Upper Intake Levels, which are levels above wish the risk for harm may increase. The book includes an overview of current dietary intake in the U.S. and Canada, and discusses implications of the study. A final chapter provides research recommendations. The DRIs established in this book incorporate current scientific evidence about the roles of vitamin D and calcium in human health and will serve as a valuable guide for a range of stakeholders including dietitians and other health professionals, those who set national nutrition policy, researchers, the food industry, and private and public health organizations and partnerships.
Author: Milica Poucki
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
402EPosterGynecologyCALCIUM AND VITAMIN D INTAKES FROM DIETARY SOURCES AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY WOMEN IN PERI-AND POST-MENOPAUSEDragica Odalovic Markovic1, Mirjana Petrovic2, Milica Poucki31Gynecology, Health Center, Belgrade, Serbia2Mag.phar.spec.med.biochemistry KCS-Institute for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Diseases, Belgrade, Serbia3Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Gynecology,General Hospital u201dDjordje Joanovicu201d, Zrenjanin, SerbiaBACKGROUND/AIM: Calcium and vitamin D play a significant role in bone remodeling. Nutrition deficiency of calcium, vitamin D and insufficient physical activity are risk factor for development of osteoporosis. These can be modified and aim of this study is to identify those women at risk for bone thinning and fracture.METHOD: The study included 39 women in premenopause from 43 to 53 years of age and 46 women in post-menopause from 46 to 66 years of age. The selection criteria was that they had no other risk factors, not use HRT (Hormone Replacement Therapy) and calcium and vitamin D supplements, do not data of BMD (Bone Mineral Density) and the lactose intolerance. For women in both groups an approximate daily rate was determined calcium and vitamin D intakes, BMI (Body Mass Index) and the type of physical activity.RESULTS: Average age premenopausal women is 48 and 56 years at postmenopausal. Women with BMI less than 20.0 kg/mu00b2 had 15.38% premenopausal and 4.34% postmenopausal women. Obese had 38.48% premenopausal and 28.26% postmenopausal women. Women with body weight less than 58 kg had 15.38% premenopausal and 6.52 % postmenopausal women. A daily intake of calcium less than 1000 mg/d had 64.15% premenopausal and 67.39% postmenopausal women and less than 700 mg/d had 10.26% premenopausal and 43.48% postmenopausal women. Only 12.82% premenopausal and 19.57% postmenopausal women had daily intake of calcium 1000-1200 mg/d. The recommended daily intake of vitamin D of 600 IU/d was not intake by any women in both groups (100%) as well as less than 400 IU/d. 58.97% premenopausal and 36.95% women in post-menopause physical activity was within the scope of their usual activities at home and at work. Weight-bearing exercise only at 10.85% postmenopausal and 0% premenopausal women.CONCLUSION: These results are partly due to the socio-economic situation and insufficient preventive. Further examination of these women is required. Women in post-menopause avoid HRT, which would be the first line of treatment for younger postmenopausal women at risk of osteoporosis.Compliance with ethical standard, no conflict of interests.Key words: calcium and vitamin D intakes, physical activity, pre and post-menopause.
Author: Marylois Elaine Gibson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 114
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Author: Macarius Mwinisungee Donneyong
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Heart diseases in women
Languages : en
Pages : 161
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This study evaluates the impact of vitamin D plus calcium supplementation as a primary intervention for heart failure (HF) prevention and examines whether preexisting conditions that are precursors of HF modify this relationship in a large cohort of postmenopausal women. Analysis included 35,113 postmenopausal women (17,595 intervention, 17,518 control) aged 50 to 81 years enrolled in the randomized trial of vitamin D plus calcium (CaD) in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study. The women in this analysis cohort were free of HF at the time of randomization and during the first year of the trial. The intervention consisted of 1,000 mg/day of calcium and 400 IU/day of vitamin D3. Incident HF cases over an average follow-up period of 7.13 (standard deviation, 1.33) years were identified from hospital discharge records and adjudicated by a physician committee. An intention-to-treat (ITT) approach was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence (CI) intervals from multivariable Cox Proportional Hazards regression models. A formal test of interaction between the intervention and a composite of risk factors that predispose towards the development of HF (hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, coronary heart diseases/events, and diabetes) and define 'Stage A' HF was performed. CaD was associated with a non-significant 7% reduced risk of heart failure (HR = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.79 -1.06) in a multivariable model in the overall study cohort. However, CaD was associated with a clinically and statistically significantly lower risk (35%) of HF (HR = 0.65; 95% CI, 0.46 - 0.92; P = 0.01) among participants who were free of Stage A HF but neither a clinically nor a statistically significant effect among those with Stage A HF (HR = 1.02; 95% CI, 0.85 - 1.21; P = 0.87). Moreover, these effect estimates were not modified by baseline total (diet and supplements) vitamin D and calcium intake and persisted in a per-protocol and other sensitivity analyses. These findings suggest that a low cost daily supplementation with vitamin D plus calcium may be an effective primary prevention strategy in postmenopausal without major cardiovascular precursors of HF but of little value in those with these risk factors.
Author: Rogerio A. Lobo
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080553095
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 902
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Book Description
For anyone who treats postmenopausal women, this latest edition of Rogerio Lobo's classic work combines the best from two well-known references: Menopause, and the second edition of Treatment of the Postmenopausal Woman. By adding significant discussions of the basic science behind menopause, it is possible to objectively assess the clinical value and limitations of current approaches to treatment and provide a basis and rationale for strategies that will result in better individualized and specialized care. Not only does the third edition discuss diagnosis and treatment of menopause but it covers biological, anatomical, physiological, pathobiological, and pharmacological aspects as well bringing together, in one source, all of the information needed to understand and treat postmenopausal conditions. Over 50% new material representing the vast amount of information available since the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) clinical trials were completed making this the most up-to-date reference on postmenopausal women Includes several new sections on comparisons between clinical trials and observational data, urology, and pelvic support Each section is preceded by a preface to put the area into context with many chapters having suggested treatment regimens
Author: Great Britain. Committee on Medical Aspects of Food and Nutrition Policy. Working Group on the Nutritional Status of the Population. Subgroup on Bone Health
Publisher: Stationery Office Books (TSO)
ISBN:
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 148
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Book Description
The Committee is also known as COMA
Author: Gregory D. Miller
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1040064132
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 443
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Book Description
Handbook of Dairy Foods and Nutrition, Third Edition examines the role of dairy products in diet and health, covering such areas as cardiovascular health, hypertension, cancer, bone, and oral health. This edition features a new chapter on dairy foods and weight management. Other chapters address lactose digestion and the contribution of dairy foods to health throughout the lifecycle. All chapters contain updated (or new) data, content, and references. With peer-reviewed chapters by nutrition and medical experts, this book remains the most subsidized reference on dairy and nutrition currently available.
Author: Elif G√ol Aydin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic books
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Vitamin D deficiency is a pandemic issue due to decreased vitamin D intake from food and lessened sunlight exposure. Attention is drawn to vitamin D and its role learned in notable clinical disorders such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancers including oral ones. Vitamin D is also very effective along with minerals in the protection of oral health. Vitamin D helps maintain the calcium-phosphate balance and contributes to the shaping of the bone. It is reported that with sufficient vitamin D level, the onset and progression of caries in the tooth structure can be stopped, the formation of caries can be reduced and enamel loss can be prevented. Vitamin D also affects the disease and health conditions of the periodontium. Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory functions have a role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disorders. It can reduce bone resorption and suppress the inflammatory outcome related to periodontal diseases by increasing mineral density. Vitamin D has been linked with tooth decay, gingivitis, and tooth loss. Vitamin D, in particular, as a promising oral health-protective agent, is said to lessen the incidence of caries and periodontitis.
