Author: P. J. O'Reilly
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alloys
Languages : en
Pages : 138
Book Description
This report gives the experiences of several steel producers and consumers with vacuum degassing as a melting practice in the manufacture of high-strength steels for critical applications. The parameters involved in determining the effects of melting practice on mechanical properties are outlined. Pertinent melting processes are described and evaluated qualitatively. In presenting the data, vacuum degassing is compared with other melting practices such as conventional air melting and consumable-electrode vacuum-arc remelting (CEVAR). Generally, there is a trend indicating that vacuum degassing is being used in some production applications instead of air-melted or CEVAR material. In terms of higher and more uniform transverse tensile properties and impact strength, longer fatigue life, and improved cleanliness, the CEVAR alloys were the best. Vacuum degassing by any of the various methods resulted in an improvement in properties of air-melted alloys. In some instances it appeared that the quality of CEVAR alloys could be approached when stream degassing or D-H (Dortmund-Horder) treatment was applied to air melts. Recommendations are given for additional investigations on the effects of melting practice on mechanical properties of premium-quality steels. (Author).
Vacuum Degassing in the Production of Premium-quality Steels
Author: P. J. O'Reilly
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alloys
Languages : en
Pages : 138
Book Description
This report gives the experiences of several steel producers and consumers with vacuum degassing as a melting practice in the manufacture of high-strength steels for critical applications. The parameters involved in determining the effects of melting practice on mechanical properties are outlined. Pertinent melting processes are described and evaluated qualitatively. In presenting the data, vacuum degassing is compared with other melting practices such as conventional air melting and consumable-electrode vacuum-arc remelting (CEVAR). Generally, there is a trend indicating that vacuum degassing is being used in some production applications instead of air-melted or CEVAR material. In terms of higher and more uniform transverse tensile properties and impact strength, longer fatigue life, and improved cleanliness, the CEVAR alloys were the best. Vacuum degassing by any of the various methods resulted in an improvement in properties of air-melted alloys. In some instances it appeared that the quality of CEVAR alloys could be approached when stream degassing or D-H (Dortmund-Horder) treatment was applied to air melts. Recommendations are given for additional investigations on the effects of melting practice on mechanical properties of premium-quality steels. (Author).
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alloys
Languages : en
Pages : 138
Book Description
This report gives the experiences of several steel producers and consumers with vacuum degassing as a melting practice in the manufacture of high-strength steels for critical applications. The parameters involved in determining the effects of melting practice on mechanical properties are outlined. Pertinent melting processes are described and evaluated qualitatively. In presenting the data, vacuum degassing is compared with other melting practices such as conventional air melting and consumable-electrode vacuum-arc remelting (CEVAR). Generally, there is a trend indicating that vacuum degassing is being used in some production applications instead of air-melted or CEVAR material. In terms of higher and more uniform transverse tensile properties and impact strength, longer fatigue life, and improved cleanliness, the CEVAR alloys were the best. Vacuum degassing by any of the various methods resulted in an improvement in properties of air-melted alloys. In some instances it appeared that the quality of CEVAR alloys could be approached when stream degassing or D-H (Dortmund-Horder) treatment was applied to air melts. Recommendations are given for additional investigations on the effects of melting practice on mechanical properties of premium-quality steels. (Author).
Vacuum Degassing of Steel
Author: R. J. Fruehan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 208
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 208
Book Description
The Effects of High Pressure, High Temperature Hydrogen on Steel
Author: Ellis E. Fletcher
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Steel
Languages : en
Pages : 82
Book Description
This report deals with the deleterious effects of hydrogen gas on steel at elevated temperatures and/or pressures. Hydrogen attack on steels is manifest as decarburization, intergranular fissuring, or blistering. These conditions result in lowered tensile strength, ductility, and impact strength. The reaction of hydrogen with iron carbide to form methane is probably the most important chemical reaction involved in the attack on steel by hydrogen. Attack of steel at elevated temperatures and pressures is limited or prevented by the following measures: (1) use of steel alloyed with strong carbide-forming elements, (2) use of liners of resistant alloy steels, and (3) substitution of resistant nonferrous alloys.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Steel
Languages : en
Pages : 82
Book Description
This report deals with the deleterious effects of hydrogen gas on steel at elevated temperatures and/or pressures. Hydrogen attack on steels is manifest as decarburization, intergranular fissuring, or blistering. These conditions result in lowered tensile strength, ductility, and impact strength. The reaction of hydrogen with iron carbide to form methane is probably the most important chemical reaction involved in the attack on steel by hydrogen. Attack of steel at elevated temperatures and pressures is limited or prevented by the following measures: (1) use of steel alloyed with strong carbide-forming elements, (2) use of liners of resistant alloy steels, and (3) substitution of resistant nonferrous alloys.
Vacuum-degassed Steels from the Consumer's Viewpoint
Author: A. F. Hoenie
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Steel
Languages : en
Pages : 38
Book Description
Numerous industrial users were asked for their appraisal of vacuum-degassed steel. Their responses regarding the merits of this vacuum treatment were varied. The producers and users of large forgings reported fewer internal defects, improved toughness, and decreased processing time through shorter hydrogen relief treatments. Improved fatigue life in applications such as bearings was attributed to fewer and smaller nonmetallic inclusions in vacuum-degassed steel. The users of medium and small forgings reported only marginal improvement in properties and little or no change in rejection rates by nondestructive testing. Unfortunately, many of the users could not give a meaningful evaluation because they knew that frequently their suppliers filled orders with vacuum-degassed steels even though such treatment was not specified. Consequently, these users are unable to separate the air melted and the vacuum-degassed steels in their stock for comparison. A more comprehensive study of fully identified steels, steelmaking practice, degassing methods, material properties, and performance in service will be required before a satisfactory evaluation of the merits of vacuum-degassed steels can be made. (Author).
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Steel
Languages : en
Pages : 38
Book Description
Numerous industrial users were asked for their appraisal of vacuum-degassed steel. Their responses regarding the merits of this vacuum treatment were varied. The producers and users of large forgings reported fewer internal defects, improved toughness, and decreased processing time through shorter hydrogen relief treatments. Improved fatigue life in applications such as bearings was attributed to fewer and smaller nonmetallic inclusions in vacuum-degassed steel. The users of medium and small forgings reported only marginal improvement in properties and little or no change in rejection rates by nondestructive testing. Unfortunately, many of the users could not give a meaningful evaluation because they knew that frequently their suppliers filled orders with vacuum-degassed steels even though such treatment was not specified. Consequently, these users are unable to separate the air melted and the vacuum-degassed steels in their stock for comparison. A more comprehensive study of fully identified steels, steelmaking practice, degassing methods, material properties, and performance in service will be required before a satisfactory evaluation of the merits of vacuum-degassed steels can be made. (Author).
Aerospace Structural Metals Handbook
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alloys
Languages : en
Pages : 778
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alloys
Languages : en
Pages : 778
Book Description
Index to DMIC Reports and Memoranda
Author: Battelle Memorial Institute. Defense Metals Information Center
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alloys
Languages : en
Pages : 38
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alloys
Languages : en
Pages : 38
Book Description
Effect of Steel Manufacturing Processes on the Quality of Bearing Steels
Author: J. J. C. Hoo
Publisher: ASTM International
ISBN: 0803109997
Category : Rolling contact
Languages : en
Pages : 411
Book Description
Publisher: ASTM International
ISBN: 0803109997
Category : Rolling contact
Languages : en
Pages : 411
Book Description
Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 452
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 452
Book Description
Metallurgy of Vacuum-degassed Steel Products
Author: Minerals, Metals and Materials Society. Fall Meeting
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Degassing of metals
Languages : en
Pages : 536
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Degassing of metals
Languages : en
Pages : 536
Book Description
U.S. Government Research Reports
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 110
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 110
Book Description