Using Transcriptomics to Identify Targets of Eyeless and Signaling Pathways in Drosophila Eye Development PDF Download
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Author: Nfsonsam Landry Ewongkem
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Drosophila melanogaster
Languages : en
Pages : 466
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Book Description
Tissue-specific transcription factors cooperate with signaling pathways to promote specification, in part by co-regulating transcription. The Drosophila melanogaster Pax6 homolog Eyeless forms a complex, incompletely understood regulatory network with signaling pathways to control eye-specific gene expression. I employed mRNAseq and microarray approaches to identify targets co-regulated by Eyeless and Hedgehog, Decapentaplegic or Notch signals, to further understand the Drosophila eye network. The gene encoding the neprilysin family peptidase 'Abnormally blistered and morphologically misshapen eyes', Abams and the Drosophila class II 'Myosin heavy chain' protein, Mhc, were expressed at higher levels in the eye tissues versus wing tissues, and were highly expressed in eye tissues in response to Ey+N. Thus, both abams and Mhc were predicted to have roles in eye development. Whereas wild type eyes have a regular array of ommatidia interspersed with regularly occurring sensory bristles, using RNA interference (RNAi), I showed that reduction of abams function resulted in smaller eyes that consisted of patches of individual ommatidia surrounded by numerous bristles. Photoreceptor development was disrupted when abams function was reduced in eye precursors. Loss of function analyses and RNAi of Mhc revealed disruptions in the eye lattice and the mispositioning of photoreceptor nuclei within the eye precursor epithelium. My results suggest that Abams is involved in cell-cell signaling while Mhc regulates cell morphology and/or cell-cell adhesion during eye development. Transcription factor binding site (BS) analyses using computational modeling revealed [greater than or equal to] 94 other candidate genes as potential direct targets of Ey or Ey+Hh, Dpp or N. These included genes with already known roles in Drosophila eye development, as well as genes with unknown function, thus providing potential new directions to pursue to further understand the mechanism of interaction between Ey and Hh, Dpp or Notch during Drosophila eye development. Given the similarity between D. melanogaster and vertibrate eye development, further study of Abams and Mhc in Drosophila eye development will provide novel insights into our understanding of eye development in D. melanogaster and humans.
Author: Nfsonsam Landry Ewongkem
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Drosophila melanogaster
Languages : en
Pages : 466
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Book Description
Tissue-specific transcription factors cooperate with signaling pathways to promote specification, in part by co-regulating transcription. The Drosophila melanogaster Pax6 homolog Eyeless forms a complex, incompletely understood regulatory network with signaling pathways to control eye-specific gene expression. I employed mRNAseq and microarray approaches to identify targets co-regulated by Eyeless and Hedgehog, Decapentaplegic or Notch signals, to further understand the Drosophila eye network. The gene encoding the neprilysin family peptidase 'Abnormally blistered and morphologically misshapen eyes', Abams and the Drosophila class II 'Myosin heavy chain' protein, Mhc, were expressed at higher levels in the eye tissues versus wing tissues, and were highly expressed in eye tissues in response to Ey+N. Thus, both abams and Mhc were predicted to have roles in eye development. Whereas wild type eyes have a regular array of ommatidia interspersed with regularly occurring sensory bristles, using RNA interference (RNAi), I showed that reduction of abams function resulted in smaller eyes that consisted of patches of individual ommatidia surrounded by numerous bristles. Photoreceptor development was disrupted when abams function was reduced in eye precursors. Loss of function analyses and RNAi of Mhc revealed disruptions in the eye lattice and the mispositioning of photoreceptor nuclei within the eye precursor epithelium. My results suggest that Abams is involved in cell-cell signaling while Mhc regulates cell morphology and/or cell-cell adhesion during eye development. Transcription factor binding site (BS) analyses using computational modeling revealed [greater than or equal to] 94 other candidate genes as potential direct targets of Ey or Ey+Hh, Dpp or N. These included genes with already known roles in Drosophila eye development, as well as genes with unknown function, thus providing potential new directions to pursue to further understand the mechanism of interaction between Ey and Hh, Dpp or Notch during Drosophila eye development. Given the similarity between D. melanogaster and vertibrate eye development, further study of Abams and Mhc in Drosophila eye development will provide novel insights into our understanding of eye development in D. melanogaster and humans.
Author: Kevin Moses
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540453989
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 296
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Book Description
1 Kevin Moses It is now 25 years since the study of the development of the compound eye in Drosophila really began with a classic paper (Ready et al. 1976). In 1864, August Weismann published a monograph on the development of Diptera and included some beautiful drawings of the developing imaginal discs (Weismann 1864). One of these is the first description of the third instar eye disc in which Weismann drew a vertical line separating a posterior domain that included a regular pattern of clustered cells from an anterior domain without such a pattern. Weismann suggested that these clusters were the precursors of the adult ommatidia and that the line marks the anterior edge of the eye. In his first suggestion he was absolutely correct - in his second he was wrong. The vertical line shown was not the anterior edge of the eye, but the anterior edge of a moving wave of patterning and cell type specification that 112 years later (1976) Ready, Hansen and Benzer would name the "morphogenetic furrow". While it is too late to hear from August Weismann, it is a particular pleasure to be able to include a chapter in this Volume from the first author of that 1976 paper: Don Ready! These past 25 years have seen an astonishing explosion in the study of the fly eye (see Fig.
Author: Serge Morand
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107037654
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 503
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Book Description
By joining phylogenetics and evolutionary ecology, this book explores the patterns of parasite diversity while revealing diversification processes.
Author: GERHARD. SCHLOSSER
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780367748531
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 752
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Book Description
Most of the cranial sense organs of vertebrates arise from embryonic structures known as cranial placodes. Such placodes also give rise to sensory neurons that transmit information to the brain as well as to many neurosecretory cells. This book focuses on the development of sensory and neurosecretory cell types from cranial placodes by introducing the vertebrate head with its sense organs and neurosecretory organs and providing an overview of the various cranial placodes and their derivatives, including evidence of common embryonic primordia. Schlosser discusses how these primordia are established in the early embryo and how individual placodes develop. The latter chapters explain how various placodally derived sensory and neurosecretory cell types differentiate into discrete structures.
Author: Kalevi Kull
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 1908977817
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 318
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Book Description
This book presents programmatic texts on biosemiotics, written collectively by world leading scholars in the field (Deacon, Emmeche, Favareau, Hoffmeyer, Kull, Markoš, Pattee, Stjernfelt). In addition, the book includes chapters which focus closely on semiotic case studies (Bruni, Kotov, Maran, Neuman, Turovski).According to the central thesis of biosemiotics, sign processes characterise all living systems and the very nature of life, and their diverse phenomena can be best explained via the dynamics and typology of sign relations. The authors are therefore presenting a deeper view on biological evolution, intentionality of organisms, the role of communication in the living world and the nature of sign systems — all topics which are described in this volume. This has important consequences on the methodology and epistemology of biology and study of life phenomena in general, which the authors aim to help the reader better understand.
Author: Fernando Pérez-Miles
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030486443
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 540
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Book Description
The Theraphosidae are the most famous and diverse mygalomorph spiders, and include some of the largest arachnids on earth. Their unique defense mechanisms, predatory tactics, reproductive strategies and ecological adaptations are displayed by a wide range of terrestrial, burrowing and arboreal species. These arachnids are familiar to the general public thanks to horror movies and a growing interest in tarantulas as pets; however, scientific information on the group is scattered throughout the literature and not easily available. This book reviews all major aspects of New World Theraphosid tarantulas and provides in-depth information on their evolution, taxonomy, behavior, physiology, ecology, reproduction, conservation and biogeography. As a comprehensive guide to the biology of tarantulas, it will appeal to researchers, students and terrarium hobbyists alike.
Author: John H. Byrne
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190456787
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 608
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Book Description
Invertebrates have proven to be extremely useful model systems for gaining insights into the neural and molecular mechanisms of sensory processing, motor control and higher functions such as feeding behavior, learning and memory, navigation, and social behavior. A major factor in their enormous contributions to neuroscience is the relative simplicity of invertebrate nervous systems. In addition, some invertebrates, primarily the molluscs, have large cells, which allow analyses to take place at the level of individually identified neurons. Individual neurons can be surgically removed and assayed for expression of membrane channels, levels of second messengers, protein phosphorylation, and RNA and protein synthesis. Moreover, peptides and nucleotides can be injected into individual neurons. Other invertebrate model systems such as Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans offer tremendous advantages for obtaining insights into the neuronal bases of behavior through the application of genetic approaches. The Oxford Handbook of Invertebrate Neurobiology reviews the many neurobiological principles that have emerged from invertebrate analyses, such as motor pattern generation, mechanisms of synaptic transmission, and learning and memory. It also covers general features of the neurobiology of invertebrate circadian rhythms, development, and regeneration and reproduction. Some neurobiological phenomena are species-specific and diverse, especially in the domain of the neuronal control of locomotion and camouflage. Thus, separate chapters are provided on the control of swimming in annelids, crustaea and molluscs, locomotion in hexapods, and camouflage in cephalopods. Unique features of the handbook include chapters that review social behavior and intentionality in invertebrates. A chapter is devoted to summarizing past contributions of invertebrates to the understanding of nervous systems and identifying areas for future studies that will continue to advance that understanding.
Author: Andreas Wanninger
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3709118654
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 204
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Book Description
This multi-author, six-volume work summarizes our current knowledge on the developmental biology of all major invertebrate animal phyla. The main aspects of cleavage, embryogenesis, organogenesis and gene expression are discussed in an evolutionary framework. Each chapter presents an in-depth yet concise overview of both classical and recent literature, supplemented by numerous color illustrations and micrographs of a given animal group. The largely taxon-based chapters are supplemented by essays on topical aspects relevant to modern-day EvoDevo research such as regeneration, embryos in the fossil record, homology in the age of genomics and the role of EvoDevo in the context of reconstructing evolutionary and phylogenetic scenarios. A list of open questions at the end of each chapter may serve as a source of inspiration for the next generation of EvoDevo scientists. Evolutionary Developmental Biology of Invertebrates is a must-have for any scientist, teacher or student interested in developmental and evolutionary biology as well as in general invertebrate zoology. This is the first of three volumes dedicated to animals that molt in the course of their lifecycle, the Ecdysozoa. It covers all non-hexapods and non-crustaceans, i.e., the Cycloneuralia, Tardigrada, Onychophora, Chelicerata and Myriapoda. While the Nematoda and all other phyla are treated in their own chapters, the remaining cycloneuralians are presented jointly due to the dearth of available developmental data on its individual subclades.
Author: Joyce Tombran-Tink
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1597453749
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 504
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Book Description
This book reveals not only how the eye evolved into an organ of vision, but also describes how molecular mechanisms of key molecules operate in the phototransduction cascade. In this groundbreaking text, experts also explain mechanisms for sensing radiation outside of the visible wavelengths. Comprehensive and penetrating, the book brings together the mechanisms of the visual transduction cascade and is an invaluable text for everyone conducting research in the visual system.
Author: O. Siddiqi
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1468479687
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 487
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Book Description
There is no multicellular animal whose genetics is so well understood as Drosophila melanogaster. An increasing number of biologists have, therefore, turned to the fruitfly in pursuit of such diverse areas as the molecular biology of eukaryotic cells, development and neurobiology. Indeed there are signs that Dro sophila may soon become the most central organism in biqlogy for genetic analysis of complex problems. The papers in this collection were presented at a conference on Development and Behavior of Drosophila held at the Tata Insti tute of Fundamental Research from 19th to 22nd December, 1979. The volume reflects the commonly shared belief of the participants that Drosophila has as much to contribute to biology in the future as it has in the past. We hope it will be of interest not merely to Dro sophilists but to all biologists. We thank Chetan Premani, Anil Gupta, K.S. Krishnan, Veronica Rodrigues, Hemant Chikermane and K. Vijay Raghavan for help with recording and transcription of the proceedings and Vrinda Nabar and K.V. Hareesh for editorial assistance. We thank Samuel Richman, Thomas Schmidt-Glenewinkel and T.R. Venkatesh for their valuable assistance in proofreading the manuscripts, and we also thank Patricia Rank for her excellent effort in the preparation of the final manuscripts. The conference was supported by a grant from Sir Dorabji Tata Trust.
