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Author: Gary Arnold Davis
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Pedestrians
Languages : en
Pages : 39
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Book Description
Traffic crashes may not always result in severe or fatal injuries, but they can still have nontrivial impacts on system performance, particularly during heavy traffic conditions. One way toward reducing the frequency of such incidents is to first identify the necessary circumstances that resulted in the collision. However, road crashes, particularly intersection related crashes, are complex phenomenon and often result from different combinations of causal factors. Recently, methods for recording high-resolution arterial traffic data have been developed, and it is important for traffic safety engineers to explore such high-resolution data to understand the causes of crashes. In this research one such integrated event based system, known as SMART SIGNAL, which collects and stores detailed loop detector and signal activity, was used to identify the events leading to a crash or a potential crash and illuminate the mechanisms by which traffic conditions and driver decisions interact to produce those events. Two specific event types, a signal violation crash and vehicle pedestrian crash, were evaluated. For the signal violation crash study, SMART SIGNAL data were used to identify the incident and the vehicles involved in the crash. It was then shown how high-resolution data could support a traditional reconstruction of this crash. For vehicle pedestrian interactions, detector and signal activity data were used to predict pedestrian crash risk in the absence of clearance interval at three signalized intersections. A simulation-based method was used to first estimate crash probabilities, and then a counterfactual approach to calculate the probability of the absence of the all-red phase as a necessary condition for the occurrence of the crash provided an alternate estimate of crash-reduction factors for the all-red phase.
Author: Gary Arnold Davis
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Pedestrians
Languages : en
Pages : 39
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Book Description
Traffic crashes may not always result in severe or fatal injuries, but they can still have nontrivial impacts on system performance, particularly during heavy traffic conditions. One way toward reducing the frequency of such incidents is to first identify the necessary circumstances that resulted in the collision. However, road crashes, particularly intersection related crashes, are complex phenomenon and often result from different combinations of causal factors. Recently, methods for recording high-resolution arterial traffic data have been developed, and it is important for traffic safety engineers to explore such high-resolution data to understand the causes of crashes. In this research one such integrated event based system, known as SMART SIGNAL, which collects and stores detailed loop detector and signal activity, was used to identify the events leading to a crash or a potential crash and illuminate the mechanisms by which traffic conditions and driver decisions interact to produce those events. Two specific event types, a signal violation crash and vehicle pedestrian crash, were evaluated. For the signal violation crash study, SMART SIGNAL data were used to identify the incident and the vehicles involved in the crash. It was then shown how high-resolution data could support a traditional reconstruction of this crash. For vehicle pedestrian interactions, detector and signal activity data were used to predict pedestrian crash risk in the absence of clearance interval at three signalized intersections. A simulation-based method was used to first estimate crash probabilities, and then a counterfactual approach to calculate the probability of the absence of the all-red phase as a necessary condition for the occurrence of the crash provided an alternate estimate of crash-reduction factors for the all-red phase.
Author: National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Traffic accident investigation
Languages : en
Pages : 212
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Book Description
Covers empirical approaches to outlier detection in intelligent transportation systems data, modeling of traffic crash-flow relationships for intersections, profiling of high-frequency accident locations by use of association rules, analysis of rollovers and injuries with sport utility vehicles, and automated accident detection at intersections via digital audio signal processing.
Author: University of Minnesota. Intelligent Transportation Systems Institute
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems
Languages : en
Pages : 54
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Book Description
Author: Richard Porter
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Rural roads
Languages : en
Pages : 259
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Book Description
The overall objectives of this study were to (1) identify and explore alternative safety data sources and analysis perspectives and (2) demonstrate the potential utility of these alternative approaches in increasing understanding of precipitating events and predisposing factors for crashes occurring on horizontal curves and at unsignalized intersections along rural two-lane roads. Generalized conceptual crash model frameworks were developed, informed by a review of supporting published literature on conceptual crash models and contributing factors, alternative approaches to accident analysis, and the role of constraints in systemic approaches to accident analysis. The frameworks proved useful from several perspectives, including (1) identifying and organizing all factors that influence the likelihood of a crash and defining the event sequences that lead to a crash, (2) providing terminology that will encourage clear communication across accident analysis disciplines as research on crash causation continues, (3) visualizing the nature by which a certain factor influences the likelihood of a crash or by which an event directly causes a crash, and (4) identifying data needs (versus data availability) for studying the precipitating events, system constraints, predisposing factors, and target groups associated with a specific crash type. After marrying the conceptual crash model framework with available data, a study was conducted to determine whether crash causal types, or similar crashes grouped together based on their key precipitating events, could be developed from data, photographs, and narratives developed from detailed, on-scene crash investigations available in the National Motor Vehicle Crash Causation Survey. This was followed by a set of three additional studies primarily focused on alternative safety data sources and analysis perspectives related to predisposing factors. Enhanced data collection and subsequent analysis were demonstrated for three high-priority crash scenarios on rural two-lane roads: “straight crossing path crashes” at unsignalized intersections, combination “control loss/no vehicle action” and “road edge departure/no maneuver” single-vehicle crashes on horizontal curves, and “opposite direction/no maneuver crashes” on horizontal curves. Findings demonstrate that expanding beyond traditional databases used for crash-based evaluations can provide further insight into these crashes. One follow-on analysis in the final part of the study indicated that the alternative approaches to estimating disaggregate measures of exposure, kriging, and quasi-induced demand techniques show some promise and should be considered in future research.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Henry X. Liu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Red light running
Languages : en
Pages : 56
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This project explores the possibility of using high-resolution traffic signal data to evaluate intersection safety. Traditional methods using historical crash data collected from infrequently and randomly occurring vehicle collisions can require several years to identify potentially risky situations. By contrast, the proposed method estimates potential traffic conflicts using high-resolution traffic signal data collected from the SMART-Signal system. The potential conflicts estimated in this research include both red-light running events, when stop-bar detectors are available, and crossing (i.e. right-angle) conflicts. Preliminary testing based on limited data showed that estimated conflict frequencies were better than AADT for predicting frequencies of angle crashes. With additional validation this could provide a low-cost and easy-to-use tool for traffic engineers to evaluate traffic safety performance at signalized intersections.
Author: European Conference of Ministers of Transport
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9282103781
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 286
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Book Description
Speeding is the number one road safety problem in a large number of OECD/ECMT countries. It is responsible for around one third of the current, unacceptably high levels of road fatalities. Speeding has an impact not only on accidents but also on the ...
Author: Charles V. Zegeer
Publisher: Transportation Research Board
ISBN: 0309283523
Category : Infrastructure (Economics)
Languages : en
Pages : 103
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Book Description
"TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) 756: Highway Safety Research Agenda: Infrastructure and Operations develops a proposed agenda of prioritized safety research needs in the area of highway infrastructure and operations. The report provides options to the U.S. transportation community on how to direct research to the areas where it can provide the most benefit. The agenda is based on a prioritization methodology developed by the research team which can be applied on a recurring basis to update the agenda over time. Both the agenda and the methodology documented in this report will assist government officials, private sector employees, and academics with managing highway safety research. In addition to the report, 16 unpublished appendices (Appendices A-O and R) have been made available electronically."--Publisher description.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air travel
Languages : en
Pages : 912
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Highway research
Languages : en
Pages : 830
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