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Author: Nuno Eduardo da Cruz Simoes
Publisher:
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Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Two main approaches to enhance urban pluvial flood prediction were developed and tested in this research: (1) short-term rainfall forecast based on rain gauge networks, and (2) customisation of urban drainage models to improve hydraulic simulation speed. Rain gauges and level gauges were installed in the Coimbra (Portugal) and Redbridge (UK) catchment areas. The collected data was used to test and validate the approaches developed. When radar data is not available urban pluvial flooding forecasting can be based on networks of rain gauges. Improvements were made in the Support Vector Machine (SVM) technique to extrapolate rainfall time series. These improvements are: enhancing SVM prediction using Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) for pre-processing data; combining SSA and SVM with a statistical analysis that gives stochastic results. A method that integrates the SVM and Cascade-based downscaling techniques was also developed to carry out high-resolution (5-min) precipitation forecasting with longer lead time. Tests carried out with historical data showed that the new stochastic approach was useful for estimating the level of confidence of the rainfall forecast. The integration of the cascade method demonstrates the possibility of generating high-resolution rainfall forecasts with longer lead time. Tests carried out with the collected data showed that water level in sewers can be predicted: 30 minutes in advance (in Coimbra), and 45 minutes in advance (in Redbridge). A method for simplifying 1D1D networks is presented that increases computational speed while maintaining good accuracy. A new hybrid model concept was developed which combines 1D1D and 1D2D approaches in the same model to achieve a balance between runtime and accuracy. While the 1D2D model runs in about 45 minutes in Redbridge, the 1D1D and the hybrid models both run in less than 5 minutes, making this new model suitable for flood forecasting.
Author: Nuno Eduardo da Cruz Simoes
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Two main approaches to enhance urban pluvial flood prediction were developed and tested in this research: (1) short-term rainfall forecast based on rain gauge networks, and (2) customisation of urban drainage models to improve hydraulic simulation speed. Rain gauges and level gauges were installed in the Coimbra (Portugal) and Redbridge (UK) catchment areas. The collected data was used to test and validate the approaches developed. When radar data is not available urban pluvial flooding forecasting can be based on networks of rain gauges. Improvements were made in the Support Vector Machine (SVM) technique to extrapolate rainfall time series. These improvements are: enhancing SVM prediction using Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) for pre-processing data; combining SSA and SVM with a statistical analysis that gives stochastic results. A method that integrates the SVM and Cascade-based downscaling techniques was also developed to carry out high-resolution (5-min) precipitation forecasting with longer lead time. Tests carried out with historical data showed that the new stochastic approach was useful for estimating the level of confidence of the rainfall forecast. The integration of the cascade method demonstrates the possibility of generating high-resolution rainfall forecasts with longer lead time. Tests carried out with the collected data showed that water level in sewers can be predicted: 30 minutes in advance (in Coimbra), and 45 minutes in advance (in Redbridge). A method for simplifying 1D1D networks is presented that increases computational speed while maintaining good accuracy. A new hybrid model concept was developed which combines 1D1D and 1D2D approaches in the same model to achieve a balance between runtime and accuracy. While the 1D2D model runs in about 45 minutes in Redbridge, the 1D1D and the hybrid models both run in less than 5 minutes, making this new model suitable for flood forecasting.
Author: Nuno Eduardo da Cruz Simoes
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Cedo Maksimovic
Publisher: IWA Publishing
ISBN: 9781780405544
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Pluvial flooding is defined as flooding that results from rainfall-generated overland flow, before the runoff enters any watercourse or sewer. It is usually associated with high intensity rainfall events (typically >30mm/h) but can also occur with lower intensity rainfall or melting snow where the ground is saturated, frozen, developed or otherwise has low permeability resulting in overland flow and ponding in depressions in the topography. Urban pluvial flooding arises from high intensity ‘extreme’ rainfall events. In such situations urban underground sewerage/drainage systems and surface watercourses may be completely overwhelmed. This volume deals with the many aspects involved with pluvial and coincidental flooding. It investigates causes and consequences. In order to reduce the impact of this type of flood, it presents various techniques to anticipate and forecast floods. Moreover, it presents way to reduce the impact and consequences, both short and long term. Case studies and instructions for training and education are included as well. The chapters were contributed by experts on the subject, that have been active in flood management and flood impact reduction in many countries. - presents advanced techniques for urban flood date collection, processing, modelling and forecasting - contains contributions on water quality, health impact, vulnerability and socio-economic impact - includes case studies and a part on education and training Table of Contents Introduction – Urban Flooding – A global issue; Types of flooding and their coincidence / interaction with pluvial flooding; Data needs, acquisition and data processing for urban flood modelling and management; Conventional Modelling of floods and interactions 5. Prediction and RTC (Real Time Control) of urban pluvial floods; Water quality and health issues in urban flooding; Urban pluvial flood vulnerability resilience to flooding and urban pluvial flood risk assessment; Towards sustainable solutions for the future; Full scale modelling and implementation issues – Practitioner’s (modeller’s) experience and views; Case studies; Socio-economical interactions; Education and training issues; After the flood recovery; Conclusions and the way forward; Annex (on CD-ROM) Co-Published with CRC Press
Author: Li-Pen Wang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 030948961X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 101
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Book Description
Flooding is the natural hazard with the greatest economic and social impact in the United States, and these impacts are becoming more severe over time. Catastrophic flooding from recent hurricanes, including Superstorm Sandy in New York (2012) and Hurricane Harvey in Houston (2017), caused billions of dollars in property damage, adversely affected millions of people, and damaged the economic well-being of major metropolitan areas. Flooding takes a heavy toll even in years without a named storm or event. Major freshwater flood events from 2004 to 2014 cost an average of $9 billion in direct damage and 71 lives annually. These figures do not include the cumulative costs of frequent, small floods, which can be similar to those of infrequent extreme floods. Framing the Challenge of Urban Flooding in the United States contributes to existing knowledge by examining real-world examples in specific metropolitan areas. This report identifies commonalities and variances among the case study metropolitan areas in terms of causes, adverse impacts, unexpected problems in recovery, or effective mitigation strategies, as well as key themes of urban flooding. It also relates, as appropriate, causes and actions of urban flooding to existing federal resources or policies.
Author: Fi-John Chang
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3038975486
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 376
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Book Description
Nowadays, the degree and scale of flood hazards has been massively increasing as a result of the changing climate, and large-scale floods jeopardize lives and properties, causing great economic losses, in the inundation-prone areas of the world. Early flood warning systems are promising countermeasures against flood hazards and losses. A collaborative assessment according to multiple disciplines, comprising hydrology, remote sensing, and meteorology, of the magnitude and impacts of flood hazards on inundation areas significantly contributes to model the integrity and precision of flood forecasting. Methodologically oriented countermeasures against flood hazards may involve the forecasting of reservoir inflows, river flows, tropical cyclone tracks, and flooding at different lead times and/or scales. Analyses of impacts, risks, uncertainty, resilience, and scenarios coupled with policy-oriented suggestions will give information for flood hazard mitigation. Emerging advances in computing technologies coupled with big-data mining have boosted data-driven applications, among which Machine Learning technology, with its flexibility and scalability in pattern extraction, has modernized not only scientific thinking but also predictive applications. This book explores recent Machine Learning advances on flood forecast and management in a timely manner and presents interdisciplinary approaches to modelling the complexity of flood hazards-related issues, with contributions to integrative solutions from a local, regional or global perspective.
Author: Li-Pen Wang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Traditionally, hydrologists had a relatively minor role in rainfall data processing; they usually simply took data from meteorologists. However, meteorological organisations usually provide weather service over a larger area and scale (i.e. country level); the applicability of this large-scale information to urban hydrological applications is therefore questionable. This work tries to provide a local view on rainfall processing, aiming to improve the suitability (in terms of accuracy and resolution) of operational rainfall data for urban hydrological uses. This work explores advanced downscaling and adjustment techniques to address the identified issues in urban hydrology: accuracy and resolution. On the basis of a a review and the testing of state of the art techniques, the Bayesian-based adjustment technique and the newly-developed cascade-based downscaling techniques are found to be suitable tools to improve respectively the accuracy, and the resolution of operational radar (and raingauge) rainfall estimates. In addition, a combined application of these two techniques is tested; the results suggested that, although extra uncertainty may appear, this combination demonstrates a clear potential for providing accurate and high-resolution (street-scale and 5-min) rainfall estimates.
Author: Giuseppe T. Aronica
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN: 9780128181324
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 352
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Book Description
Intended to provide Researchers, Structural Engineers, Civil Engineers and Architects with a holistic approach to prevent or mitigate damage due to this type of flooding, Urban Pluvial flooding: Understanding and Managing covers all the main scientific and technical aspects of pluvial flooding in urban areas including drivers, impacts, and related risks. The book presents wide coverage of all aspects of pluvial flooding in urban areas. Prevention tools and methods such as Urban growth modelling, Hydrological modelling, and Hydraulic modelling methods are explained in clear terms to help facilitate understanding of how to utilize these tools and effectively analyze the results and form effective management plans. In addition, Urban Pluvial Flooding: Understanding and Managing provides several case studies to illustrate how these tools and methods were deployed in the face of actual crisis.
Author: Andras Szollosi-Nagy
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780415359986
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 172
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Book Description
Over the last decades the world has witnessed a growing number of floods in urban areas. Climate change and rapid urbanization will exacerbate this trend. Flooding incidents in urbanized catchments and low-lying areas, such as polders, can lead to great public concern and anxiety, and their economical impact is severe. Apart from well-known flood prevention strategies, new approaches to the accommodation of floods are needed to create robust and sustainable solutions that enable us to cope with the ever-increasing urban pressure on flood-prone areas and the uncertainties created by climate change. Urban Flood Management comprises a multidisciplinary survey of recent developments in this field. Subjects like spatial and urban planning, flood insurance, flood resilience, flood proofing techniques, risk perception and preparedness and flood forecasting are treated by authorities from Brazil, India, the USA and Europe. Urban Flood Management will provide anyone active in the fields of water, risk and urban management with the latest information and insights that were obtained with a global and multidisciplinary approach.
Author: Omar Mahmood Abdelwahab Seleem
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Casualties and damages from urban pluvial flooding are increasing. Triggered by short, localized, and intensive rainfall events, urban pluvial floods can occur anywhere, even in areas without a history of flooding. Urban pluvial floods have relatively small temporal and spatial scales. Although cumulative losses from urban pluvial floods are comparable, most flood risk management and mitigation strategies focus on fluvial and coastal flooding. Numerical-physical-hydrodynamic models are considered the best tool to represent the complex nature of urban pluvial floods; however, they are computationally expensive and time-consuming. These sophisticated models make large-scale analysis and operational forecasting prohibitive. Therefore, it is crucial to evaluate and benchmark the performance of other alternative methods. The findings of this cumulative thesis are represented in three research articles. The first study evaluates two topographic-based methods to map urban pluvial flooding, fill-spill-merge (FSM) and topographic wetness ...
