Two Phase Flow Through Orifice Plates in a Large Diameter Horizontal Pipeline PDF Download
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Author: Saleh M. Mahmoud
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Saleh M. Mahmoud
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Lawrence Robert Williams
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 322
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The effect of pipe diameter on horizontal annular flow is examined. Measurements of the local film height, the local droplet flux, the local velocity, and the entrained fraction for annular flow in a 9.53 cm horizontal pipe have been obtained. The measurements are compared with the results from previous investigators for horizontal annular flow in pipes with diameters of 2.54 cm and 5.08 cm. A new large scale two-phase flow facility has been designed and constructed. The facility has the ability to incline a 26.5 m pipe at angles between positive and minus 2.5 degrees from the horizontal. Local film height measurements show that the film distribution becomes increasingly asymmetric with increasing pipe diameter. The effect of pipe diameter on the asymmetries of the liquid film distribution is predicted approximately by a Froude number. At Froude numbers below 50, the liquid is stratified as a pool at the pipe bottom. A turbulent diffusion model developed by a co-researcher for the droplet concentration distribution is in good agreement with measurements at low gas velocities and low droplet concentrations. At higher droplet concentrations, velocity measurements suggest the existence of a secondary flow in the gas which inhibits droplet settling. Entrainment correlations developed from experiments in small diameter pipes, over predict the entrained fraction in large diameter pipes. A generalized entrainment correlation based on an equilibrium rate balance between the rate of atomization of droplets from the liquid film and the rate of deposition of droplets back to the liquid film is developed. The correlation is easily interpreted for two extremes of the liquid film distribution. When the film is distributed uniformly around the pipe wall, the entrainment relation reduces to a form developed by previous researchers. For conditions where the liquid film is stratified as a pool at the pipe bottom, a new entrainment relation is developed which is in good agreement with the results.
Author: Abdunaser Ali Saadawi
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Mohamed. S. M. Elmnefi
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Tarig Ali Al-Bkoush
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Essaied Masoud Ali
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Languages : en
Pages : 0
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This study investigates the behaviour of two-phase flow in large diameter horizontal pipelines. The study was divided into two main parts: (i) General two-phase flow in 203 mm diameter pipeline, where the pressure drop and void fraction were measured. The pressure drop was measured using 23 bottom tapping points along a 34 m test section. The results were compared with six well known pressure drop models; these models did not allow for diameter size effect, it was therefore not surprising that good agreement was not achieved. A traversing y-ray apparatusw as designed and constructed for the measurements of void fraction. Void fraction measurements were compared with geometrical void fraction calculation, and very satisfactory agreements were obtained. The apparatus was also tested under a different number of chordal positions (steps) to determine the influence of the number of steps on the accuracy of the results. The void fraction results were compared with nine correlations found in the literature; the effect of pipe size was clear. A flow pattern map was also drawn for a 203 mm pipeline, which covered all the possible flow patterns (annular flow could not be obtained in this size of pipe, with the available air supply), and compared with three well known flow pattern maps, where a little agreement was found. (ii) The measurement of interfacial level gradient in the smooth stratified flow conditions. Two depth gauges (probes) were designed, constructed and calibrated for the measurement of the water level change along the test section. The two probes were placed 12 metres apart in the test section, where the flow conditions considered settled. The measurement accuracy of the probes was within 1 mm of liquid height, i. e. less than 1%. Two theoretical models in the field of stratified flow were tested and then modified to improve their ability to predict the present data, and perhaps 11 other data obtained from large diameter pipelines. A model based on the present set of data, following Bishop et. al (1986) approach was proposed, which predicts the present data within RMS of 8%.
Author: Jamaluddin Md Sheriff
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ISBN:
Category : Two-phase flow
Languages : en
Pages : 428
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Author: F. A. A. Al-samarra'e
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Khalil Enjad Jandel Al-Jumaily
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Category : Pipelines
Languages : en
Pages : 1188
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Author: Duncan Chisholm
Publisher:
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Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 328
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