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Author: Romain Wacziarg
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN: 9781788111492
Category : Free trade
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This compelling two-volume collection presents the major literary contributions to the economic analysis of the consequences of trade liberalization on growth, productivity, labor market outcomes and economic inequality. Examining the classical theories that stress gains from trade stemming from comparative advantage, the selection also comprises more recent theories of imperfect competition, where any potential gains from trade can stem from competitive effects or the international transmission of knowledge. Empirical contributions provide evidence regarding the explanatory power of these various theories, including work on the effects of trade openness on economic growth, wages, and income inequality, as well as evidence on the effects of trade on firm productivity, entry and exit. Prefaced by an original introduction from the editor, the collection will to be an invaluable research resource for academics, practitioners and those drawn to this fascinating topic.
Author: Romain Wacziarg
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN: 9781788111492
Category : Free trade
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This compelling two-volume collection presents the major literary contributions to the economic analysis of the consequences of trade liberalization on growth, productivity, labor market outcomes and economic inequality. Examining the classical theories that stress gains from trade stemming from comparative advantage, the selection also comprises more recent theories of imperfect competition, where any potential gains from trade can stem from competitive effects or the international transmission of knowledge. Empirical contributions provide evidence regarding the explanatory power of these various theories, including work on the effects of trade openness on economic growth, wages, and income inequality, as well as evidence on the effects of trade on firm productivity, entry and exit. Prefaced by an original introduction from the editor, the collection will to be an invaluable research resource for academics, practitioners and those drawn to this fascinating topic.
Author: Ann E. Harrison
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Economic development
Languages : en
Pages : 39
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Book Description
Correlations across openness measures are sometimes weak, but openness does seem to be positively associated with GDP growth - the more open the economy, the higher the growth.
Author: Robert E. Baldwin
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 0226036510
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 392
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Book Description
Interest in U.S. trade policy has been stimulated in recent years by the massive American trade deficit, by the belief that intervention by foreign governments in international markets has given other countries a competitive edge over the United States, and by concern about the increase in protectionism among industrial countries. In turn, major analytical developments in international economics have revolutionized trade theory, broadening its scope both by introducing in a more formal manner such concepts as imperfect competition, increasing returns, product differentiation, and learning effects and by including the study of political and economic factors that shape trade policy decisions. This collection of papers—the result of a conference held by the NBER—applies these "new" trade theories to existing world cases and also presents complementary empirical studies that are grounded in more traditional trade theories. The volume is divided into four parts. The papers in part 1 consider the problem of imperfect competition, empirically assessing the economic effect of various trade policies introduced in industries in which the "new" trade theory seems to apply. Those in part 2 isolate the effects of protection from the influences of the many economic changes that accompany actual periods of protection and also examine how the effects from exogenous changes in economic conditions vary with the form of protection. Part 3 provides new empirical evidence on the effect of foreign production by a country's firms on the home country's exports. Finally, in part 4, two key bilateral issues are analyzed: recent U.S.-Japanese trade tensions and the incident involving the threat of the imposition of countervailing duties by the United States on Canadian softwood lumber.
Author: Halit Yanikkaya
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783838311777
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 144
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Book Description
Do open economies grow faster than closed economies? Almost all empirical studies have provided an affirmative answer to this question. It is, however, very difficult to understand this unconditional optimism in favor of liberalization among the economics profession and in policy circles. Theoretical studies suggest at best a very complex and an ambiguous relationship between restrictions on capital and trade flows and growth. The fact that empirical studies also describe openness very differently makes the classification of countries according to their level of openness a formidable task. Our estimation results for trade and capital flows are generally consistent with the existing empirical and theoretical studies. However, the estimation results for trade barriers challenge the conventional view on the issue that trade barriers are negatively and significantly associated with growth, but they are consistent with findings of theoretical growth and development literature. Thus, we show that openness does not have a simple and straightforward relationship with growth. Rather this relationship largely depends on certain country characteristics such as its size and development level.
Author: Sebastian Edwards
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Apertura economica - Paises en desarrollo
Languages : en
Pages : 66
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Book Description
Author: Mona Haddad
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821386336
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 352
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Book Description
The global financial crisis triggered a broad reassessment of economic integration policies in developed and developing countries worldwide. The crisis-induced collapse in trade was the sharpest ever since World War II, affecting all countries and all product categories. A huge shock to the trading system, combined with severe macroeconomic instability, makes it natural for policymakers to call into question the basic underlying assumptions of trade liberalization and openness. In particular, outward-oriented or export-led growth strategies are being reassessed as openness is increasingly associated with greater volatility. However, it is crucial not to lose sight of the dynamic benefits that openness can offer. Examples include technology transfer, increased competitive pressure that reduces markups and improves efficiency, and economies of scale. The real question is how to manage outward-oriented strategies so as to maximize the benefits of openness while minimizing risks. This book aims to contribute to this important and ongoing policy debate, bringing together recent empirical work on the trade collapse, its causes and consequences, and the broader trade policy agenda in the post-crisis environment. It addresses critical policy issues revolving around the topic of outward-oriented growth strategy, including policy instruments that help manage risks associated with outward-orientation, lessons learned from the crisis for particular countries and regions, and how emerging trade policy issues such as climate change, commodities, global production networking, and migration affect the prospects for recovery and outward-oriented growth.
Author: Arvind Panagariya
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190914505
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 352
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Book Description
Arguments for protection and against free trade have seen a revival in developed countries such as the United States and Great Britain as well as developing countries such as India. Given the clear benefits trade openness has brought everywhere, this is a surprising development. The benefits of free trade are especially great for emerging market economies. FreeÂTrade and ProsperityÂoffers the first full-scale defense of pro-free-trade policies with developing countries at its center. Arvind Panagariya, a professor at Columbia University and former top economic advisor to the government of India, supplies a historically informed analysis of many longstanding but flawed arguments for protection. He starts with an insightful overview of the positive case for free trade, and then closely examines the various contentions of protectionists. One protectionist argument is that "infant" industries need time to grow and become competitive, and thus should be sheltered. Other arguments are that emerging markets are especially prone to coordination failures, they are in need of diversification of their production structures, and they suffer from market imperfections. The panoply of protectionist arguments, including those for import substitution industrialization, fails when subject to close logical and empirical scrutiny. Free trade and outward-oriented policies are preconditions to both sustained rapid growth and poverty alleviation in developing countries. Panagariya provides compelling evidence demonstrating the failures of protectionism and the promise of free trade using detailed case studies of successful countries such as Singapore, Taiwan, South Korea, China and India. Low or declining barriers to free trade and high or rising shares of trade in total income have been key elements in the sustained rapid growth and poverty alleviation in these countries and many others. Free trade is like oxygen: the benefits are ubiquitous and not noticed until they are no longer there. This important book is an essential reminder of the costs of protectionism.
Author: Theodore H. Moran
Publisher: Peterson Institute
ISBN: 9780881323818
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 442
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Book Description
This volume gathers the cutting edge of new research on foreign direct investment and host country economic performance, and presents the most sophisticated critiques of current and past inquiries. It presents new results, concludes with an analysis of the implications for contemporary policy debates, and proposed new avenues for future research.
Author: Dan Corlateanu
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783843386630
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Book Description
The idea that free trade is a desirable factor for the economy originates all the way back in the 18th century: Adam Smith (1776) predicted that countries could grow if they would all specialize according to their absolute advantage and that all will gain from free trade. David Ricardo (1817, p. 88) opposed tariffs based on the argument that they generate inefficient usage of domestic resources; in his view, countries should specialize in goods for which they have a comparative productivity advantage. Recent studies have examined the relationship between openness and growth, with mixed results; some (e.g. Edwards, 1993) argued that trade openness promotes growth, while others (Rodriguez and Rodrik,2000)have criticised this idea with a series of arguments, such as the inappropriateness of variables used for expressing trade openness. In this thesis, we will examine the arguments of both sides, followed by our own empirical analysis.
Author: Faezeh Foroutan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Regional planning
Languages : en
Pages : 54
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Book Description
