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Author: Ms.Xiangming Li
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1451854749
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 39
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Book Description
Although theory suggests that the real exchange rate should depreciate after a credible trade liberalization but could appreciate temporarily with a noncredible one, little empirical evidence exists. Unlike existing studies that use either indirect tests or unreliable openness measures, this paper uses an event study based on carefully documented trade liberalization in 45 countries. The result shows that real exchange rates depreciate after countries open their economies to trade. In countries with multiple liberalization episodes, however, real exchange rates appreciate during early episodes, suggesting that partial or noncredible trade liberalizations are associated with real appreciation.
Author: Ms.Xiangming Li
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1451854749
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 39
Get Book
Book Description
Although theory suggests that the real exchange rate should depreciate after a credible trade liberalization but could appreciate temporarily with a noncredible one, little empirical evidence exists. Unlike existing studies that use either indirect tests or unreliable openness measures, this paper uses an event study based on carefully documented trade liberalization in 45 countries. The result shows that real exchange rates depreciate after countries open their economies to trade. In countries with multiple liberalization episodes, however, real exchange rates appreciate during early episodes, suggesting that partial or noncredible trade liberalizations are associated with real appreciation.
Author: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1451956770
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 228
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Book Description
A central proposition regarding effects of different mechanisms of fi-nancing public expenditures is that, under specific circumstances, it makes no difference to the level of aggregate demand if the government finances its outlays by debt or taxation. This so-called Ricardian equivalence states that, for a given expenditure path, substitution of debt for taxes does not affect private sector wealth and consumption. This paper provides a model illustrating the implications of Ricardian equivalence, surveys the litera-ture, considers effects of relaxing the basic assumptions, provides a frame-work to study implications of various extensions, and critically reviews recent empirical work on Ricardian equivalence.
Author: Ms.Rina Bhattacharya
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
ISBN: 9781451858747
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 34
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Book Description
This paper presents a model that incorporates uncertainty about trade reform and analyzes the effects of trade and financial liberalization on domestic investment and savings, the current account balance and the real exchange rate, both when the capital account is open and when it is closed. Under certain assumptions financial liberalization leads to a movement of resources in the opposite direction to that implied by trade liberalization and to real exchange rate appreciation, thus defeating one of the objectives of tariff reform, when the capital account is open. When political economy linkages are taken into account, however, the indirect effects of financial liberalization may offset the direct effects, encouraging a movement of resources in the desired direction. With a closed capital account these results should still hold unless there are strong negative income effects from trade reform.
Author: Mr.Mohsin S. Khan
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Book Description
Using a simple dependent - economy framework, this paper outlines the links between the equilibrium real exchange rate and some of its fundamental exogenous determinants, mainly terms of trade movements and commercial policy changes. Drawing on existing studies of trade flows in developing countries, it is possible to derive plausible quantitative ranges for the response of the equilibrium real exchange rate to both external and policy-induced shocks. The results should be particularly relevant in designing real exchange rate targets and rules that allow for movements in the equilibrium real exchange rate in response to various shocks.
Author: International Monetary Fund
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1498330282
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 132
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Book Description
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Author: Mr.Plamen K Iossifov
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1498322824
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 38
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Book Description
There is an ongoing debate in the literature on whether global trade flows have become disconnected from the large real effective exchange rate movements in the wake of the global financial crisis. The question has important policy implications for the role of exchange rates in supporting growth and restoring external balance. In this paper, we use Turkey---a large and open emerging market economy that has experienced sizable swings of the real effective exchange rate---as a case study to test competing hypotheses. Our results lend support to the finding in existing cross-country studies that the real effective exchange rate remains an important determinant of trade flows. But, its effect is not symmetric in secular periods of appreciation and depreciation and is, oftentimes, dwarfed by the impact on trade flows of the income growth differential between trade partners.
Author: Luca Antonio Ricci
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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Book Description
This paper employs newly constructed measures for productivity differentials, external imbalances, and commodity terms of trade to estimate a panel cointegrating relationship between real exchange rates and a set of fundamentals for a sample of 48 industrial countries and emerging markets. It finds evidence of a strong positive relation between the CPI-based real exchange rate and commodity terms of trade. The estimated impact of productivity growth differentials between traded and nontraded goods, while statistically significant, is small. Increases in net foreign assets and in government consumption tend to be associated with appreciating real exchange rates.
Author: Gordon Whitford Smith
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780821304570
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 356
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Book Description
The conference papers contained in this book address the problem of international debt. They have been organized into four sections. In the first, microeconomic theories of international borrowing and lending are developed and applied to the current situation. Sovereign risk is an important feature in these analyses. The second section deals in greater depth with bank behavior, the structure of financial markets, and recent suggestions for structural reform of these markets. Section III contains an econometric analysis of the precursors of debt repayment problems and asks whether they can be predicted in advance with the use of available macroeconomic information. Case studies of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Korea, and Mexico are studied in the final section to determine how and why they experienced debt-servicing problems in 1982-1984. The roles of domestic macroeconomic policies as well as of external shocks are carefully considered.
Author: Jerome L. Stein
Publisher: Physica
ISBN: 3642592465
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 125
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Book Description
The interrelated issues analyzed in this book are as follows. With the integration of Europe, there are free movements in goods, services, short and long term capital, and direct investment. The German mark is the key currency in Europe and its value will affect the equilibrium bilateral exchange rates of the other currencies in the European Union. It is important to examine the following issues. What have been the fundamental determinants of the real value of the mark since the period of floating? What will be the effects of German integration upon exchange rates? How can we measure whether currencies are misaligned or if exchange rates are at their equilibrium values? Are short term capital flows destabilizing and, if so, should they be discouraged through a transactions tax? Under what conditions does the formation of a regional trading bloc help or hinder the liberalization of world trade? What are the determinants of foreign direct investment made by multinational enterprises? There is a unity to this book. The authors are senior scholars who approach the subject from the theoretical, policy oriented and econometric points of view. Jerome L. Stein Contents JAMES TOBIN A Currency Transactions Tax. Why and How CHARLES A. GOODHART Discussant to Professor J. Tobin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 JEROME L. STEIN and KARLHANS SAUERNHEIMER The Equilibrium Real Exchange Rate of Germany 13 PETER B. CLARK Concepts of Equilibrium Exchange Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 G. C. LIM A Note on Estimating Dynamic Economic Models of the Real Exchange Rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Author: Takatoshi Ito
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 0226387089
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 441
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Book Description
The imbalanced, yet mutually beneficial, trading relationship between the United States and Asia has long been one of international finance’s most perplexing mysteries. Although the United States continues to post a substantial trade deficit—and China reaps the benefits of a surplus—the dollar has yet to sink in the face of ever-increasing account disparities. International Financial Issues in the Pacific Rim explains why the United States enjoys a seemingly symbiotic relationship with its trading partners despite stark inequities in the trade balance, especially with Asia. This timely and well-informed study also debunks the assumed link between economic openness and low inflation in the region, identifies the serious gap between academic and private-sector researchers’ understanding of exchange rate volatility, and analyzes the liberalization of Asian capital accounts. International Financial Issues in the Pacific Rim will have broad implications for global trade and economic policy issues in Asia and beyond.
