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Author: Mahta Mansouri
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Driven by the many of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy applications, there is an ever-increasing demand for high-throughput NMR receivers to accelerate the speed and reduce the cost of the NMR spectroscopy. The envisaged solution by the industry is to employ significantly stronger static magnetic fields to achieve higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). However, this demands for the system to operate at proportionally-higher frequencies to satisfy the Larmor equation and to be able to shrink the receiver coil size (hence, fit higher number of parallel receivers in the same space) without the loss of SNR. Despite the benefits, a higher frequency of operation introduces several challenges in the design of the receiver's transducer (i.e., coil) and the readout circuitry (i.e., tuning, matching, and amplification circuits). We present the design and optimization of an electromagnetic Radio Frequency (RF) coil along with the readout circuitry both integrated on the same silicon-based platform for fabrication in a standard 0.35-m complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. In the design of the coil, all the important electrical and physical parameters that could affect the NMR spectroscopy's overall performance are analytically identified and taken into account. Additionally, the readout integrated circuit is designed to be compatible with a wide range of on-chip and off-chip coils. The circuit architecture and the design procedure proposed for the readout circuit are adaptable to any frequency of operation. The presented integrated system consists of two channels enabling simultaneous NMR spectroscopy, and has no practical limitations for channel scaling. To the best of our knowledge, this design is the first CMOS-based NMR receiver operating at 500 MHz. While all components are designed and optimized for this frequency, the presented design procedures for both the coil and the readout circuits are applicable to higher frequencies.
Author: Mahta Mansouri
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Driven by the many of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy applications, there is an ever-increasing demand for high-throughput NMR receivers to accelerate the speed and reduce the cost of the NMR spectroscopy. The envisaged solution by the industry is to employ significantly stronger static magnetic fields to achieve higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). However, this demands for the system to operate at proportionally-higher frequencies to satisfy the Larmor equation and to be able to shrink the receiver coil size (hence, fit higher number of parallel receivers in the same space) without the loss of SNR. Despite the benefits, a higher frequency of operation introduces several challenges in the design of the receiver's transducer (i.e., coil) and the readout circuitry (i.e., tuning, matching, and amplification circuits). We present the design and optimization of an electromagnetic Radio Frequency (RF) coil along with the readout circuitry both integrated on the same silicon-based platform for fabrication in a standard 0.35-m complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. In the design of the coil, all the important electrical and physical parameters that could affect the NMR spectroscopy's overall performance are analytically identified and taken into account. Additionally, the readout integrated circuit is designed to be compatible with a wide range of on-chip and off-chip coils. The circuit architecture and the design procedure proposed for the readout circuit are adaptable to any frequency of operation. The presented integrated system consists of two channels enabling simultaneous NMR spectroscopy, and has no practical limitations for channel scaling. To the best of our knowledge, this design is the first CMOS-based NMR receiver operating at 500 MHz. While all components are designed and optimized for this frequency, the presented design procedures for both the coil and the readout circuits are applicable to higher frequencies.
Author: Hossein Pourmodheji
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy is used intensively along with other ancillary spectroscopic and characterization techniques. The design and implementation of High Throughput NMR Spectroscopy is a key challenge to accelerate the drug discovery process. On the other hand, the current conventional NMR technologies are expensive and bulky. The development of novel handheld NMR spectroscopy is a key challenge towards NMR spectroscopy for Point-of-Care (PoC) diagnostics applications. This thesis addresses the above-mentioned challenges of High Throughput NMR Spectroscopy and Handheld NMR spectroscopy by developing new integrated circuits dedicated to NMR spectroscopy using Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Simulation and characterization results were also used to prove the functionality and applicability of the proposed techniques. We have designed two CMOS chips using 0.13-m technology, first chip includes number of new vertical microcoils and LNA with 780 pV/Hz at 300 MHz and the second one is a new dual-path NMR receiver.
Author: Jens Anders
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527340564
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 446
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Book Description
This must-have book is the first self-contained summary of recent developments in the field of microscale nuclear magnetic resonance hardware, covering the entire technology from miniaturized detectors, the signal processing chain, and detection sequences. Chapters cover the latest advances in interventional NMR and implantable NMR sensors, as well as in using CMOS technology to manufacture miniaturized, highly scalable NMR detectors for NMR microscopy and high-throughput arrays of NMR spectroscopy detectors.
Author: Matthew Ian Goodwin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 420
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Author: Walter McFarlane
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 152
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Author: J. W. Emsley
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483184080
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 543
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Book Description
High Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Volume 2 provides a comprehensive coverage of the theories and methods for analysis of high resolution spectra. The title also presents a discourse on other variables that affect the spectra. The text first details the correlations of 1H resonance spectral parameters with molecular structure, and then proceeds to tackling the 19F nuclear magnetic resonance studies. Next, the selection deals with the NMR spectra of nuclei other than hydrogen fluoride. The text also provides data sets, such as nuclear properties, T-values, and chemical shifts. The book will be of great use to scientists who utilize nuclear magnetic resonance in their work.
Author: Dennis Chapman
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN:
Category : Nuclear magnetic resonance
Languages : en
Pages : 138
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Author: Sungjin Hong (Ph. D. in electrical and computer engineering)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is the physical phenomenon that illustrates the behavior of the atomic nucleus under resonance condition. It has been an important tool for chemical spectroscopy. Recently, NMR spectroscopy becomes more popular with its wide variety of applications. Accordingly, the demand on the NMR spectrometers increases. However, the size and cost limit the widespread of the NMR spectroscopy. The limitations are resolved by miniaturization of the NMR spectrometers with CMOS chips and permanent magnets. Along with miniaturization, there are several problems arising from CMOS circuits and the magnets. This work addresses the existing problems in the portable NMR systems and proposes the circuit solutions. First, the portable NMR systems exploit the zero-intermediate frequency (IF) architecture by having the single frequency for sample excitation and local oscillator. From the architecture, the tradeoff between the inaccurate excitation and the 1/f noise is inevitable. This can be avoided by employing the separate frequencies with the IF frequency of 50 kHz. However, the dual-clock architecture randomizes the NMR output phase. The output with random phase disables the direct signal averaging. To solve this problem, the phase detection method by capturing the phase alignment of two clocks is proposed. The phase detector circuit triggers the on-chip timer that controls the NMR operation. This way, the output phase can remain constant. Second, the slow settling of the receiver deteriorates the acquisition sensitivity. This problem is solved with the proposed dynamic high-pass filter cutoff frequency switching technique. By doing so, the DC recovery time is 40 times faster than that without the technique, thereby achieving 10 μs of dead time. Lastly, the frequency fluctuation arises from large temperature coefficient of the permanent magnets. To calibrate the frequency variation, the frequency calibration method based on the signal peak detection is proposed. The peak detector extracts the amplitude of the NMR spin echoes which can be translated into the frequency response. The method exploits the natural behavior of the NMR signal whose amplitude is maximized at the frequency of interest. These techniques are combined with the fully integrated CMOS NMR transceiver. The proposed system demonstrates the one-dimensional (1D) NMR relaxation experiments for measuring T2 relaxation time constant. The proposed features of fast receiver settling and high IF frequency allow the system to acquire the NMR signal that has the decaying time constant of less than 100 μs. Furthermore, NMR relaxation experiments are performed with the short time spacing between the refocusing pulses of 0.2 ms. The programmability and the high integration level extend the usage of the portable NMR system. The system with many circuit blocks such as delay-locked loop (DLL), timing controller, analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and the gradient controller allow various NMR experiments. The programmable NMR pulse sequence supports the two-dimensional (2D) experiments that characterize the two different physical properties of the sample. The inversion recovery method is employed to find the T1 relaxation behavior, thereby producing the T1-T2 correlation of the samples. The system also demonstrates diffusion NMR experiments with the pulsed-field gradient. This diffusion information can be acquired with the on-chip gradient pulse sequencer and the supporting components such as the gradient coil, gradient amplifier, and the 3D-printed NMR probe
Author: Eric Lagally
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351831488
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 294
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Book Description
An increasing number of technologies are being used to detect minute quantities of biomolecules and cells. However, it can be difficult to determine which technologies show the most promise for high-sensitivity and low-limit detection in different applications. Microfluidics and Nanotechnology: Biosensing to the Single Molecule Limit details proven approaches for the detection of single cells and even single molecules—approaches employed by the world’s foremost microfluidics and nanotechnology laboratories. While similar books concentrate only on microfluidics or nanotechnology, this book focuses on the combination of soft materials (elastomers and other polymers) with hard materials (semiconductors, metals, and glass) to form integrated detection systems for biological and chemical targets. It explores physical and chemical—as well as contact and noncontact—detection methods, using case studies to demonstrate system capabilities. Presenting a snapshot of the current state of the art, the text: Explains the theory behind different detection techniques, from mechanical resonators for detecting cell density to fiber-optic methods for detecting DNA hybridization, and beyond Examines microfluidic advances, including droplet microfluidics, digital microfluidics for manipulating droplets on the microscale, and more Highlights an array of technologies to allow for a comparison of the fundamental advantages and challenges of each, as well as an appreciation of the power of leveraging scalability and integration to achieve sensitivity at low cost Microfluidics and Nanotechnology: Biosensing to the Single Molecule Limit not only serves as a quick reference for the latest achievements in biochemical detection at the single-cell and single-molecule levels, but also provides researchers with inspiration for further innovation and expansion of the field.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 924
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