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Author: Antung Anthony Liu
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781267428547
Category : Carbon taxes
Languages : en
Pages : 95
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Book Description
This dissertation is comprised of three essays which explore environmental economics topics using public finance tools. The first and third essays are applied theory papers examining two overlooked factors -- tax evasion and the shadow economy -- which sharply alter the calculus of carbon tax reform. The basic finding is that carbon taxes are much less costly than has previously been found, particularly in developing countries. The second essay is an empirical paper studying how China's tax system has impacted its rollout of sewage treatment plants.
Author: Antung Anthony Liu
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781267428547
Category : Carbon taxes
Languages : en
Pages : 95
Get Book Here
Book Description
This dissertation is comprised of three essays which explore environmental economics topics using public finance tools. The first and third essays are applied theory papers examining two overlooked factors -- tax evasion and the shadow economy -- which sharply alter the calculus of carbon tax reform. The basic finding is that carbon taxes are much less costly than has previously been found, particularly in developing countries. The second essay is an empirical paper studying how China's tax system has impacted its rollout of sewage treatment plants.
Author: Sanghyun Hwang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 236
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Book Description
The first essay studies the Marginal Cost of Funds in the existence of tax evasion. We develop a general equilibrium model of tax evasion, including the expected utility of taxpayers and three different revenue-raising government policies. In this rich model environment, we analytically derive the marginal cost of funds (MCF) for the alternative policy instruments. We consider two main fiscal reforms: the revision in the nonlinear tax scheme and the changes in enforcement mechanism (the audit and penalty rates). First, we derive the MCF for the tax reform and find its key determinants. The derived MCF is greater than the previous ones since it includes a "risk-bearing cost" as well as tax distortion. The reform in enforcement mechanism generates MCFs in different forms. Two more MCFs with respect to audit and penalty rates are presented. Finally, we compare these three different MCFs in numerical example and provide some policy implications. The second essay explores optimal tax structure in the presence of status effect. When the consumption of certain goods affects one's social status, this externality creates two opposite effects in a society. Seeking higher status through "positional goods" gives individuals much incentive to supply labor but still allocates income for less "nonpositional goods" as well. In this case, differential taxes on positional goods work as corrective instruments to internalize the social cost stemming from status seeking. Furthermore, the differential taxes generate revenue that can be used to alleviate preexisting income tax distortion. Thus, the differential taxes on positional goods could give so called "double dividend." I develop a game-theoretic model in which each individual with a different labor productivity unknown to the others engages in a status-seeking game, and the government has a revenue requirement. Then I show that, under a condition in which utility is separable between positional goods and leisure, a revenue-neutral shift in the tax mix away from nonlinear income taxes towards positional-good taxes enhances welfare. Hence, the differential taxes on positional goods are necessary together with the nonlinear income taxes for an optimal tax structure. The third essay explores the impact of increasing capital mobility on regional growth and environment. I develop an endogenous growth model in which each local government competes against the others, to induce imperfectly mobile stock of capital into its region. Then I show that an increase in capital mobility generates "tax importing" due to which each locality experiences a higher growth rate and more degraded environment. That is, the increasing mobility dampens the capital tax and transfers the burden of pollution abatement to the locality. This finding supports the hypothesis of "race to the bottom" in environmental standards. Identifying a reduction in overall welfare of residents, I consider two alternative federal interventions in the model: uniform environmental standard and requirement of lump sum transfer or tax. Both of these federal instruments enhance the residents' welfare.
Author: Radhika Goyal
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This dissertation focuses on topics concerning public finance, state capacity, and the environment. In the first chapter, we study the role of proximity to administrative power in explaining spatial inequality in access to public goods. Using a natural experiment in India that quadrupled the number of sub-districts (the lowest level of administrative jurisdiction), we explore the impact of redistribution of political power on spatial inequality of public good investment. By analyzing digitized high-resolution data encompassing approximately 10,000 villages spanning over 55 years, we demonstrate that reducing the distance to local government headquarters helps in bridging the gap in the provision of essential public amenities for remote villages, and furthermore, yields evidence of long-term improvements in state capacity. In the second chapter, we focus on turning points in tax collection. Our method detects both sustained accelerations and decelerations of tax collection (relative to GDP) in a global and historical sample of 150 countries since 1965. Turning points are prevalent (238 events in total), persistent for at least 15 years in many cases, and occur more frequently at lower levels of the country's development. We show that changes in the political environment are strong statistical predictors of accelerations, tax reforms, and economic changes less so. Decelerations appear more unpredictable than accelerations. In the third chapter, we study the ecological gains of place-based environmental measures to ramp up conservation efforts. By combining geo-referenced Indian village maps overlaid with digitized protected area maps and a fuzzy regression discontinuity design, we find that protected areas help improve forest cover. Villages located within protected areas also experienced improved economic activity, attributed in part to the growth of the tourism sector, particularly in wildlife sanctuaries. Moreover, our findings suggest that states which allocate a higher share of expenditure to the forestry sector exhibit stronger forest conservation outcomes.
Author: Koji Kotani
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 202
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Author: Matthew E. Kahn
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Automobiles
Languages : en
Pages : 258
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Author: Christopher R. Jeffords
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Antonia Isabel Laurie Schwarz
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Fei Yu
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780549280125
Category : Environmental economics
Languages : en
Pages : 216
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Book Description
This dissertation presents three essays in environmental economics. They address issues of environmental economics from macroeconomic, financial markets and program evaluation perspectives, respectively.
Author: Emma Hutchinson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 106
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Author: Daniyar Zhumadilov
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 222
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