The Use of Russian Possessive Pronouns and Alternative Russian Expressions Corresponding to the Use of English Possessive Pronouns PDF Download
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Author: Constance Frederick
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Russian language
Languages : en
Pages : 174
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Book Description
Author: Constance Frederick
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Russian language
Languages : en
Pages : 174
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Book Description
Author: Elena Dubodelova
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783656973898
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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Book Description
Seminar paper from the year 2007 in the subject Speech Science / Linguistics, grade: 1,7, Free University of Berlin (Institut fur Englische Philologie), course: HS Understanding English-German Contrasts, language: English, abstract: Since pronouns are the main grammatical devices by which acts of speaking are tied to the persons who are engaged in the conversation, many linguists investigate how pronouns are employed as a means of coming to understand the ways that speech and society are related. The expression 'central pronouns' for personal, reflexive and possessive pronouns suggests that these subclasses have a number of features in common and that other, more peripheral pronominal subclasses can be characterized by properties not shared by all members. It appears that the class of pronouns is conceptualized by Quirk et al. and other authors as something like a 'cluster' or 'radial category' with a prototypical core represented by personal pronouns. With regard to their referential functions, those pronouns are traditionally described in terms of deixis and anaphora. The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the pronominal systems of English, German and Russian and to compare them. The special focus of comparison is the reflexive pronouns due to their complexity and in some aspects controversy."
Author: Mikhail Mikhailov
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317229398
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 259
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Book Description
Corpus Linguistics for Translation and Contrastive Studies provides a clear and practical introduction to using corpora in these fields. Giving special attention to parallel corpora, which are collections of texts in two or more languages, and demonstrating the potential benefits for multilingual corpus linguistics research to both translators and researchers, this book: explores the different types of parallel corpora available, and shows how to use basic and advanced search procedures to analyse them; explains how to compile a parallel corpus, and discusses their uses for translation purposes and to research linguistic phenomena across languages; demonstrates the use of corpus extracts across a wide range of texts, including dictionaries, novels by authors including Jane Austen and Mikhail Bulgakov, and newspapers such as The Sunday Times; is illustrated with case studies from a range of languages including Finnish, Russian, English and French. Written by two experienced researchers and practitioners, Corpus Linguistics for Translation and Contrastive Studies is essential reading for postgraduate students and researchers working within the area of translation and contrastive studies.
Author: Kate Woodford
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780521824231
Category : Foreign Language Study
Languages : en
Pages : 1550
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Book Description
The Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary is the ideal dictionary for advanced EFL/ESL learners. Easy to use and with a great CD-ROM - the perfect learner's dictionary for exam success. First published as the Cambridge International Dictionary of English, this new edition has been completely updated and redesigned. - References to over 170,000 words, phrases and examples explained in clear and natural English - All the important new words that have come into the language (e.g. dirty bomb, lairy, 9/11, clickable) - Over 200 'Common Learner Error' notes, based on the Cambridge Learner Corpus from Cambridge ESOL exams Plus, on the CD-ROM: - SMART thesaurus - lets you find all the words with the same meaning - QUICKfind - automatically looks up words while you are working on-screen - SUPERwrite - tools for advanced writing, giving help with grammar and collocation - Hear and practise all the words.
Author: Marina Rojavin
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 0429657145
Category : Foreign Language Study
Languages : en
Pages : 270
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Book Description
Russian Function Words: Meanings and Use is a collection of 463 prepositions, conjunctions, particles, interjections, and parenthetical words. This book provides a semantic, syntactic, and stylistic analysis of each word, accompanying the explanation with examples of the word’s usage in discourse in contemporary, everyday Russian and analogous translations into English. Consequently, it allows users to develop an understanding of contemporary grammatical, lexical, and stylistic norms, with the aim of mastering these critical words. This book also includes a multitude of idioms and sayings that users will learn to use in the appropriate context. Intermediate and advanced students, instructors, and translators will find this a useful supplement to their existing resources. It also serves as a helpful reference for independent learners at all levels.
Author: Christopher Lyons
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521368353
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 408
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Book Description
This 1999 textbook investigates definiteness both from a comparative and a theoretical point of view, showing how languages express definiteness and what definiteness is. It surveys a large number of languages to discover the range of variation in relation to definiteness and related grammatical phenomena, such as demonstratives, possessives and personal pronouns. It outlines work done on the nature of definiteness in semantics, pragmatics and syntax, and develops an account on which definiteness is a grammatical category represented in syntax as a functional head (the widely discussed D). Consideration is also given to the origins and evolution of definite articles in the light of the comparative and theoretical findings. Among the claims advanced are that definiteness does not occur in all languages, though the pragmatic concept which it grammaticalizes probably does.
Author: Nikolay Hakimov
Publisher: Language Science Press
ISBN: 3961103305
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 306
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Book Description
The study of grammatical variation in language mixing has been at the core of research into bilingual language practices. Although various motivations have been proposed in the literature to account for possible mixing patterns, some of them are either controversial, or remain untested. Little is still known about whether and how frequency of use of linguistic elements can contribute to the patterning of bilingual talk. This book is the first to systematically explore the factor usage frequency in a corpus of bilingual speech. The two aims are (i) to describe and analyze the variation in mixing patterns in the speech of Russia German adolescents and young adults in Germany, and (ii) to propose and test usage-based explanations of variation in mixing patterns in three morphosyntactic contexts: the adjective-modified noun phrase, the prepositional phrase, and the plural marking of German noun insertions in bilingual sentences. In these contexts, German noun insertions combine with either Russian or German words and grammatical markers, thus yielding mixed bilingual and German monolingual constituents in otherwise Russian sentences, the latter also labelled as embedded-language islands. The results suggest that the frequency with which words are used together mediates the distribution of mixing patterns in each of the examined contexts. The differing impacts of co-occurrence frequency are attributed to the distributional and semantic specifics of the analyzed morphosyntactic configurations. Lexical frequency has been found to be another important determinant in this variation. Other factors include recency, or lexical priming, in discourse in the case of prepositional phrases, and phonological and structural similarities and differences in the inflectional systems of the contact languages in the case of plural marking.
Author: Ljiljana Duraskovic
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Abstract: Russian legal-administrative documents from the early fourteenth through the mid-seventeenth century (Middle Russian) show extensive variation in expressing possessivity within the noun phrase. Possessor expressions can be conveyed by morphologically derived possessive adjectives, adnominal genitives, or by combinations of those constructions ("ungoverned" genitives). They can occur before, after, or surrounding the NP head. Previous research has claimed that possessivity was expressed exclusively by possessive adjectives except in cases in which the possessive adjectives could not be formed. In this study, I offer a critical view on the previous research. After providing a detailed explanations of the available possessive constructions, I demonstrate that choice of any given possessor expression is not just arbitrary, as implied by many earlier studies, but reflects factors present in the immediate or larger discourse context ---semantic (the relations that held between the possessor and the possessed entity); syntactic (the role of the noun phrase head denoting the possessed entity); and discourse-pragmatic (the position of the possessive construction vis-à-vis the verb; the informational status of the referents of the noun phrase head and possessor expression; and the genre of the document). I show that the internal structure of the semantic possessor definitely influences the choice of the construction: possessive adjectives are preferred when the possessor is a bare noun, a forename, or an unmodified title in apposition with a forename. By contrast, the adnominal genitive is overwhelmingly favored when the semantic possessor is an anaphoric pronoun, a patronymic, or a noun phrase consisting of modified nouns, anaphoric pronouns and patronymics. Mixed constructions are conventional when the possessor involves conjoined noun phrases with the same referent and when it involves several noun phrases in apposition. The main factors in the choice among the different adjectival possessive constructions are discourse-pragmatic. The possessor expression tends to be postposed when it conveys new information or when it is in contrastive focus with another possessor expression. It tends to be preposed when it represents established information or a unique, culturally given entity. It tends to occur as a split construction when all the constituents of the possessor expression carry the same informational weight. My work also shows that the adnominal genitive construction was not limited or restricted in use, as claimed in some previous research, but had its own tyical spheres of use. In fact, adnominal genitives represent the most frequent type of possessive construction in five out of the ten semantic groups that I used in classifying the data.
Author: Martin Haspelmath
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199255911
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 712
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Book Description
The World Atlas of Language Structures is a book and CD combination displaying the structural properties of the world's languages. 142 world maps and numerous regional maps - all in colour - display the geographical distribution of features of pronunciation and grammar, such as number of vowels, tone systems, gender, plurals, tense, word order, and body part terminology. Each world map shows an average of 400 languages and is accompanied by a fully referenced description ofthe structural feature in question.The CD provides an interactive electronic version of the database which allows the reader to zoom in on or customize the maps, to display bibliographical sources, and to establish correlations between features. The book and the CD together provide an indispensable source of information for linguists and others seeking to understand human languages.The Atlas will be especially valuable for linguistic typologists, grammatical theorists, historical and comparative linguists, and for those studying a region such as Africa, Southeast Asia, North America, Australia, and Europe. It will also interest anthropologists and geographers. More than fifty authors from many different countries have collaborated to produce a work that sets new standards in comparative linguistics. No institution involved in language research can afford to bewithout it.
Author:
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN: 9789027205681
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 564
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Book Description
This book is a functional-typological study of possession splits in European languages. It shows that genetically and structurally diverse languages such as Icelandic, Welsh, and Maltese display possessive systems which are sensitive to semantically based distinctions reminiscent of the alienability correlation. These distinctions are grammatically relevant in many European languages because they require dedicated constructions. What makes these split possessive systems interesting for the linguist is the interaction of semantic criteria with pragmatics and syntax. Neutralisation of distinctions occurs under focus. The same happens if one of the constituents of a possessive construction is syntactically heavy. These effects can be observed in the majority of the 50 sample languages. Possessive splits are strong in those languages which are outside the Standard Average European group. The bulk of the European languages do not behave much differently from those non-European languages for which possession splits are reported. The book reveals interesting new facts about European languages and possession to typologists, universals researchers, and areal linguists.
