Author: David Wellman
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521629683
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 386
Book Description
American labour history is typically interpreted by scholars as a history of defeat. Hidden by this conventional wisdom are a handful of militant unions that did not follow the putative Congress of Industrial Organizations trajectory. Based on three years of ethnographic research, this book examines a union that organised itself to systematically challenge management's rule on the shopfloor: San Francisco's longshore union. American unionism looks quite different than conventional wisdom suggests when everyday union practices are observed. American labour's trajectory, this book argues, is neither inevitable nor determined; militant, democratic forms of unionism are possible in the United States; and collective bargaining does not automatically eliminate contests for workplace control. The contract is a bargain that reflects and reproduces fundamental disagreement; it states how production and conflict will proceed.
The Union Makes Us Strong
Author: David Wellman
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521629683
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 386
Book Description
American labour history is typically interpreted by scholars as a history of defeat. Hidden by this conventional wisdom are a handful of militant unions that did not follow the putative Congress of Industrial Organizations trajectory. Based on three years of ethnographic research, this book examines a union that organised itself to systematically challenge management's rule on the shopfloor: San Francisco's longshore union. American unionism looks quite different than conventional wisdom suggests when everyday union practices are observed. American labour's trajectory, this book argues, is neither inevitable nor determined; militant, democratic forms of unionism are possible in the United States; and collective bargaining does not automatically eliminate contests for workplace control. The contract is a bargain that reflects and reproduces fundamental disagreement; it states how production and conflict will proceed.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521629683
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 386
Book Description
American labour history is typically interpreted by scholars as a history of defeat. Hidden by this conventional wisdom are a handful of militant unions that did not follow the putative Congress of Industrial Organizations trajectory. Based on three years of ethnographic research, this book examines a union that organised itself to systematically challenge management's rule on the shopfloor: San Francisco's longshore union. American unionism looks quite different than conventional wisdom suggests when everyday union practices are observed. American labour's trajectory, this book argues, is neither inevitable nor determined; militant, democratic forms of unionism are possible in the United States; and collective bargaining does not automatically eliminate contests for workplace control. The contract is a bargain that reflects and reproduces fundamental disagreement; it states how production and conflict will proceed.
The Union Makes Us Strong!
Author: Dietmar Kneitschel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Collective bargaining unit
Languages : en
Pages : 44
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Collective bargaining unit
Languages : en
Pages : 44
Book Description
Macho!
Author: Victor Villasenor
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
ISBN: 1439193819
Category : Fiction
Languages : en
Pages : 240
Book Description
From a pioneer of modern U.S. Hispanic literature, and the New York Times bestselling author of Crazy Loco Love and Rain of Gold, comes a gripping, coming-of-age tale that exposes the intensity and sheer will of one brave young immigrant who crosses the Mexican border. Roberto Garcia is only seventeen, but he already has big dreams of making his fortune, building a family, and gaining the respect of his community. With ambition to burn and a passion to prove his manhood, Roberto takes the dangerous journey north, crossing the Mexican border to pick fruit in the “golden fields” of California. It is said that a good man can make more money there in a week than in an entire year in the mountains of Michoacán, his home. With dreams that overshadow harsh realities, Roberto is unprepared for the jammed boxcars and bolted trucks that carry undervalued migrant workers through the searing desert to long days of harsh labor. Raw, powerful, poetic, and heartbreaking, Macho! brings to life the brutality of migrant labor, Cesar Chavez’s efforts to unionize workers, and a vivid portrayal of the immigrant experience through the eyes of a brave young man who bids goodbye to everything he knows to follow his dreams.
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
ISBN: 1439193819
Category : Fiction
Languages : en
Pages : 240
Book Description
From a pioneer of modern U.S. Hispanic literature, and the New York Times bestselling author of Crazy Loco Love and Rain of Gold, comes a gripping, coming-of-age tale that exposes the intensity and sheer will of one brave young immigrant who crosses the Mexican border. Roberto Garcia is only seventeen, but he already has big dreams of making his fortune, building a family, and gaining the respect of his community. With ambition to burn and a passion to prove his manhood, Roberto takes the dangerous journey north, crossing the Mexican border to pick fruit in the “golden fields” of California. It is said that a good man can make more money there in a week than in an entire year in the mountains of Michoacán, his home. With dreams that overshadow harsh realities, Roberto is unprepared for the jammed boxcars and bolted trucks that carry undervalued migrant workers through the searing desert to long days of harsh labor. Raw, powerful, poetic, and heartbreaking, Macho! brings to life the brutality of migrant labor, Cesar Chavez’s efforts to unionize workers, and a vivid portrayal of the immigrant experience through the eyes of a brave young man who bids goodbye to everything he knows to follow his dreams.
Life Flows on in Endless Song
Author: Robert V. Wells
Publisher: University of Illinois Press
ISBN: 0252076508
Category : Folk music
Languages : en
Pages : 274
Book Description
An engaging survey of what folk songs tell us about the American past
Publisher: University of Illinois Press
ISBN: 0252076508
Category : Folk music
Languages : en
Pages : 274
Book Description
An engaging survey of what folk songs tell us about the American past
Union Power in the Nigerian Textile Industry
Author: Gunilla Andrae
Publisher: Transaction Publishers
ISBN: 9781412840675
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 324
Book Description
Nigeria, once a resourceful regional power, has been caught in a spiral of economic and political decay. This once-promising nation is now seen as an international pariah, partly as a result of the gross human rights violations of its government, but largely because of the failure to generate a political leadership capable of containing and reversing rather than aggravating the process of decline. Union Power in the Nigerian Textile Industry covers developments in Nigeria during two trying decades of deepening economic and political crisis. It is not, however, an additional tale of decay. It highlights the remarkable progress which has been achieved, in spite of this decline, in industrial adjustment, institution building, and conflict regulation. Gunilla Andrae and Bjorn Beckman follow Nigeria's leading manufacturing sector, the textile industry, from the heyday of the oil boom through successive phases of adjustment and liberalization, suggesting that industrialization is still very much on the African agenda. The focus is on the trade unions, their role in industrial restructuring and their ability to defend workers' interests and rights. Union Power in the Nigerian Textile Industry examines the successful institutionalization of a union-based labor regime, defying global trends to the contrary. The authors explore the origins of union power in the national and local political economy, pointing to the mediation between the militant self-organization of the workers and the strategies of state and capital. They draw on extensive field work, interviews with managers, unionists and workers, and massive documentation from internal union sources.
Publisher: Transaction Publishers
ISBN: 9781412840675
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 324
Book Description
Nigeria, once a resourceful regional power, has been caught in a spiral of economic and political decay. This once-promising nation is now seen as an international pariah, partly as a result of the gross human rights violations of its government, but largely because of the failure to generate a political leadership capable of containing and reversing rather than aggravating the process of decline. Union Power in the Nigerian Textile Industry covers developments in Nigeria during two trying decades of deepening economic and political crisis. It is not, however, an additional tale of decay. It highlights the remarkable progress which has been achieved, in spite of this decline, in industrial adjustment, institution building, and conflict regulation. Gunilla Andrae and Bjorn Beckman follow Nigeria's leading manufacturing sector, the textile industry, from the heyday of the oil boom through successive phases of adjustment and liberalization, suggesting that industrialization is still very much on the African agenda. The focus is on the trade unions, their role in industrial restructuring and their ability to defend workers' interests and rights. Union Power in the Nigerian Textile Industry examines the successful institutionalization of a union-based labor regime, defying global trends to the contrary. The authors explore the origins of union power in the national and local political economy, pointing to the mediation between the militant self-organization of the workers and the strategies of state and capital. They draw on extensive field work, interviews with managers, unionists and workers, and massive documentation from internal union sources.
A Queerly Joyful Noise
Author: Julia "Jules" Balén
Publisher: Rutgers University Press
ISBN: 0813588405
Category : Music
Languages : en
Pages : 261
Book Description
2018 Choice Outstanding Academic Title Honorable Mention, 2019 Herndon Book Prize - (SEM-GST) A Queerly Joyful Noise examines how choral singing can be both personally transformative and politically impactful. As they blend their different voices to create something beautiful, LGBTIQ singers stand together and make themselves heard. Comparing queer choral performances to the uses of group singing within the civil rights and labor movements, Julia “Jules” Balén maps the relationship between different forms of oppression and strategic musical forms of resistance. She also explores the potential this queer communal space creates for mobilizing progressive social action. A proud member of numerous queer choruses, Balén draws from years of firsthand observations, archival research, and extensive interviews to reveal how queer chorus members feel shared vulnerability, collective strength, and even moments of ecstasy when performing. A Queerly Joyful Noise serves as a testament to the power of music, intimately depicting how participation in a queer chorus is more than a pastime, but a meaningful form of protest through celebration.
Publisher: Rutgers University Press
ISBN: 0813588405
Category : Music
Languages : en
Pages : 261
Book Description
2018 Choice Outstanding Academic Title Honorable Mention, 2019 Herndon Book Prize - (SEM-GST) A Queerly Joyful Noise examines how choral singing can be both personally transformative and politically impactful. As they blend their different voices to create something beautiful, LGBTIQ singers stand together and make themselves heard. Comparing queer choral performances to the uses of group singing within the civil rights and labor movements, Julia “Jules” Balén maps the relationship between different forms of oppression and strategic musical forms of resistance. She also explores the potential this queer communal space creates for mobilizing progressive social action. A proud member of numerous queer choruses, Balén draws from years of firsthand observations, archival research, and extensive interviews to reveal how queer chorus members feel shared vulnerability, collective strength, and even moments of ecstasy when performing. A Queerly Joyful Noise serves as a testament to the power of music, intimately depicting how participation in a queer chorus is more than a pastime, but a meaningful form of protest through celebration.
James Connolly, A Full Life
Author: Donal Nevin
Publisher: Gill & Macmillan Ltd
ISBN: 071716277X
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1099
Book Description
'Hasn't it been a full life, Lillie, and isn't this a good end?', were James Connolly's last words to his wife in Dublin Castle in the early hours of 12 May 1916 just before his execution for his part in leading the Easter Rising. James Connolly, the son of Irish immigrants, was born in Edinburgh. The first fourteen years of his life were spent in Edinburgh and the next seven years in the King's Liverpool Regiment in Ireland. In 1889, he returned to Edinburgh where he was a socialist activist and organiser for seven years. In 1896, at the age of 28, he was invited to Dublin as socialist organiser, founding the Irish Republican Socialist Party and editing The Workers' Republic. Connolly spent seven years in America between 1903 and 1910, returning to Ireland in 1910 as organiser of the Socialist Party of Ireland. Connolly was appointed Ulster Organiser of the Irish Transport and General Workers' Union by James Larkin, succeeding him as acting general secretary in October 1914. As Commander of the Irish Citizen Army, Connolly joined with leaders of the Irish Republican Brotherhood in the Easter Rising in 1916, becoming Commandant-General of the Dublin Division of the Army of the Republic and Vice-President of the Provisional Government of the Irish Republic. For their part in the Easter Rising, Connolly and thirteen of his fellow revolutionaries were executed in Kilmainham Gaol by the British government. Connolly, the last to be executed, was wounded in the Rising and had to be strapped to a chair to face the firing squad. This biography deals with Connolly's activities as soldier, agitator, propagandist, orator, socialist organiser, pamphleteer, trade union leader, insurgent, and traces the evolution of his political thinking as social democrat, revolutionist, syndicalist, revolutionary socialist, insurrectionist. It is based largely on Connolly's prolific writings in twenty-seven journals in Scotland, England, Ireland, France and America, and some 200 letters which are particularly revealing of his relationships with colleagues. James Connolly is the very best survey of Connolly's remarkable life and times. James Connolly, A Full Life: Table of Contents Preface by Des Geraghty - PART I Edinburgh 1868–1882 - PART II Ireland 1882–1889 - PART III Edinburgh 1889–1896: Social Democrat - PART IV Dublin 1890–1903: Revolutionist - PART V America 1903–1910: Syndicalist - PART VI Writings - PART VII Ireland 1910–1916 The Red and the Green: Revolutionary Socialist–Insurrectionist - PART VIII Revolutionary Thinker - APPENDICES
Publisher: Gill & Macmillan Ltd
ISBN: 071716277X
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1099
Book Description
'Hasn't it been a full life, Lillie, and isn't this a good end?', were James Connolly's last words to his wife in Dublin Castle in the early hours of 12 May 1916 just before his execution for his part in leading the Easter Rising. James Connolly, the son of Irish immigrants, was born in Edinburgh. The first fourteen years of his life were spent in Edinburgh and the next seven years in the King's Liverpool Regiment in Ireland. In 1889, he returned to Edinburgh where he was a socialist activist and organiser for seven years. In 1896, at the age of 28, he was invited to Dublin as socialist organiser, founding the Irish Republican Socialist Party and editing The Workers' Republic. Connolly spent seven years in America between 1903 and 1910, returning to Ireland in 1910 as organiser of the Socialist Party of Ireland. Connolly was appointed Ulster Organiser of the Irish Transport and General Workers' Union by James Larkin, succeeding him as acting general secretary in October 1914. As Commander of the Irish Citizen Army, Connolly joined with leaders of the Irish Republican Brotherhood in the Easter Rising in 1916, becoming Commandant-General of the Dublin Division of the Army of the Republic and Vice-President of the Provisional Government of the Irish Republic. For their part in the Easter Rising, Connolly and thirteen of his fellow revolutionaries were executed in Kilmainham Gaol by the British government. Connolly, the last to be executed, was wounded in the Rising and had to be strapped to a chair to face the firing squad. This biography deals with Connolly's activities as soldier, agitator, propagandist, orator, socialist organiser, pamphleteer, trade union leader, insurgent, and traces the evolution of his political thinking as social democrat, revolutionist, syndicalist, revolutionary socialist, insurrectionist. It is based largely on Connolly's prolific writings in twenty-seven journals in Scotland, England, Ireland, France and America, and some 200 letters which are particularly revealing of his relationships with colleagues. James Connolly is the very best survey of Connolly's remarkable life and times. James Connolly, A Full Life: Table of Contents Preface by Des Geraghty - PART I Edinburgh 1868–1882 - PART II Ireland 1882–1889 - PART III Edinburgh 1889–1896: Social Democrat - PART IV Dublin 1890–1903: Revolutionist - PART V America 1903–1910: Syndicalist - PART VI Writings - PART VII Ireland 1910–1916 The Red and the Green: Revolutionary Socialist–Insurrectionist - PART VIII Revolutionary Thinker - APPENDICES
Rebel Voices
Author: Joyce L. Kornbluh
Publisher: PM Press
ISBN: 1604868449
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1426
Book Description
Welcoming women, Blacks, and immigrants long before most other unions, the Wobblies from the start were labor’s outstanding pioneers and innovators, unionizing hundreds of thousands of workers previously regarded as “unorganizable.” Wobblies organized the first sit-down strike (at General Electric, Schenectady, 1906), the first major auto strike (6,000 Studebaker workers, Detroit, 1911), the first strike to shut down all three coalfields in Colorado (1927), and the first “no-fare” transit-workers’ job-action (Cleveland, 1944). With their imaginative, colorful, and world-famous strikes and free-speech fights, the IWW wrote many of the brightest pages in the annals of working class emancipation. Wobblies also made immense and invaluable contributions to workers’ culture. All but a few of America’s most popular labor songs are Wobbly songs. IWW cartoons have long been recognized as labor’s finest and funniest. The impact of the IWW has reverberated far beyond the ranks of organized labor. An important influence on the 1960s New Left, the Wobbly theory and practice of direct action, solidarity, and “class-war” humor have inspired several generations of civil rights and antiwar activists, and are a major source of ideas and inspiration for today’s radicals. Indeed, virtually every movement seeking to “make this planet a good place to live” (to quote an old Wobbly slogan), has drawn on the IWW’s incomparable experience. Originally published in 1964 and long out of print, Rebel Voices remains by far the biggest and best source on IWW history, fiction, songs, art, and lore. This new edition includes 40 pages of additional material from the 1998 Charles H. Kerr edition from Fred Thompson and Franklin Rosemont, and a new preface by Wobbly organizer Daniel Gross.
Publisher: PM Press
ISBN: 1604868449
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1426
Book Description
Welcoming women, Blacks, and immigrants long before most other unions, the Wobblies from the start were labor’s outstanding pioneers and innovators, unionizing hundreds of thousands of workers previously regarded as “unorganizable.” Wobblies organized the first sit-down strike (at General Electric, Schenectady, 1906), the first major auto strike (6,000 Studebaker workers, Detroit, 1911), the first strike to shut down all three coalfields in Colorado (1927), and the first “no-fare” transit-workers’ job-action (Cleveland, 1944). With their imaginative, colorful, and world-famous strikes and free-speech fights, the IWW wrote many of the brightest pages in the annals of working class emancipation. Wobblies also made immense and invaluable contributions to workers’ culture. All but a few of America’s most popular labor songs are Wobbly songs. IWW cartoons have long been recognized as labor’s finest and funniest. The impact of the IWW has reverberated far beyond the ranks of organized labor. An important influence on the 1960s New Left, the Wobbly theory and practice of direct action, solidarity, and “class-war” humor have inspired several generations of civil rights and antiwar activists, and are a major source of ideas and inspiration for today’s radicals. Indeed, virtually every movement seeking to “make this planet a good place to live” (to quote an old Wobbly slogan), has drawn on the IWW’s incomparable experience. Originally published in 1964 and long out of print, Rebel Voices remains by far the biggest and best source on IWW history, fiction, songs, art, and lore. This new edition includes 40 pages of additional material from the 1998 Charles H. Kerr edition from Fred Thompson and Franklin Rosemont, and a new preface by Wobbly organizer Daniel Gross.
Investigation of Communist Propaganda
Author: United States. Congress. House. Special Committee on Communist Activities in the United States
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Communism
Languages : en
Pages : 1048
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Communism
Languages : en
Pages : 1048
Book Description
Strike!
Author: Julius Getman
Publisher: Xlibris Corporation
ISBN: 146532769X
Category : Fiction
Languages : en
Pages : 206
Book Description
This book tells the story of a strike by paperworkers against the Consolidated Paper Company. The strike comes about because the company, led by a new, anti-union CEO, decides to get rid of its union. The company, during collective bargaining, demands major concessions and dares the union to strike. The union is not prepared to battle the wealthy, powerful company, but its members, although frightened, vote to strike in order to protect their jobs and lifestyles. Early in the strike, the company hires strikebreakers to permanently replace the strikers. Before its new CEO was hired, Consolidated Paper Company and the Papermakers Union had cooperative relations. The chief architect of the old policy was Tom Gilligan, Director of Labor Relations, who had been with the company for more than 40 years. Gilligan loves Consolidated Paper. He has summarily turned down lucrative offers from rivals. Gilligan is outraged by the new policy and considers quitting. Overcoming feelings of guilt, he decides to stay on. When the strike begins, the company seems headed for a quick victory, but the union, aided by Don Foreman, an activist labor organizer and veteran of the Civil Rights movement, surprises everyone with its solidarity and strength. It wins over a hostile press and forges alliances with students, churches, and environmental groups. It also enlists the towns political authority on its behalf. Consolidated Paper Company finds itself under pressure from environmental, liberal, and labor groups. Media accounts extol the solidarity of the union. George Watts, the new CEO, becomes furious at the advisors who told him the strike would be easily won. He authorizes Gilligan to negotiate a compromise settlement with the union. After a week of bargaining, the parties are on the verge of a fair settlement. Back at the picket line, a fight erupts between strikers and security guards taking replacement workers into the mill. The confrontation begins with threats and rock throwing. It escalates to gunfire. Edith Kent, a pregnant replacement worker, a decent woman and a good worker, is killed. The fallout from the killing dooms the strike. The strikers are demoralized. The union loses support and is forced to give up the strike. The local district attorney resists political pressure to indict the locals leaders. He brings charges only against the killer and only for involuntary manslaughter. But the death of Edith Kent becomes a rallying cry for anti-union groups. As pressure for action builds, the politically ambitious U.S. Attorney indicts three union leaders, including the local union president, for conspiracy under the RICO statute. The U.S. Attorney is quite skillful and the trial is going badly for the defendants, especially when their expert, a Yale law professor, is shown to have no practical knowledge of strikes. In desperation, the union business leader calls Thomas Gilligan, who agrees to testify as a defense witness. His testimony costs him his position, but leads to the acquittal of the strikers. The ending is far from a happy one though, because the strike is lost, the community almost destroyed, and Gilligan gives up a job he loves. The story is told from a variety of perspectives, including Gilligans. The other individual stories include: 1. Jordan Marcon, a third-generation papermaker and born-again Christian. He is faced with ruin because of his wifes cancer. The union offers to give him special help, but he decides, after seeing a vision, that Jesus wants him to reclaim his job. He crosses the picket line and becomes a hated man in the community. 2. Travis Green, an African-American replacement worker. He is a good worker and a fair-minded man who seeks to better himself. He tries but cannot avoid becoming engulfed in the hatred brought on by the strike. 3. Bill Samson, local union president. He is a decent, tough man, not very intellectual or ideological. He realizes that in order to lead the strike success
Publisher: Xlibris Corporation
ISBN: 146532769X
Category : Fiction
Languages : en
Pages : 206
Book Description
This book tells the story of a strike by paperworkers against the Consolidated Paper Company. The strike comes about because the company, led by a new, anti-union CEO, decides to get rid of its union. The company, during collective bargaining, demands major concessions and dares the union to strike. The union is not prepared to battle the wealthy, powerful company, but its members, although frightened, vote to strike in order to protect their jobs and lifestyles. Early in the strike, the company hires strikebreakers to permanently replace the strikers. Before its new CEO was hired, Consolidated Paper Company and the Papermakers Union had cooperative relations. The chief architect of the old policy was Tom Gilligan, Director of Labor Relations, who had been with the company for more than 40 years. Gilligan loves Consolidated Paper. He has summarily turned down lucrative offers from rivals. Gilligan is outraged by the new policy and considers quitting. Overcoming feelings of guilt, he decides to stay on. When the strike begins, the company seems headed for a quick victory, but the union, aided by Don Foreman, an activist labor organizer and veteran of the Civil Rights movement, surprises everyone with its solidarity and strength. It wins over a hostile press and forges alliances with students, churches, and environmental groups. It also enlists the towns political authority on its behalf. Consolidated Paper Company finds itself under pressure from environmental, liberal, and labor groups. Media accounts extol the solidarity of the union. George Watts, the new CEO, becomes furious at the advisors who told him the strike would be easily won. He authorizes Gilligan to negotiate a compromise settlement with the union. After a week of bargaining, the parties are on the verge of a fair settlement. Back at the picket line, a fight erupts between strikers and security guards taking replacement workers into the mill. The confrontation begins with threats and rock throwing. It escalates to gunfire. Edith Kent, a pregnant replacement worker, a decent woman and a good worker, is killed. The fallout from the killing dooms the strike. The strikers are demoralized. The union loses support and is forced to give up the strike. The local district attorney resists political pressure to indict the locals leaders. He brings charges only against the killer and only for involuntary manslaughter. But the death of Edith Kent becomes a rallying cry for anti-union groups. As pressure for action builds, the politically ambitious U.S. Attorney indicts three union leaders, including the local union president, for conspiracy under the RICO statute. The U.S. Attorney is quite skillful and the trial is going badly for the defendants, especially when their expert, a Yale law professor, is shown to have no practical knowledge of strikes. In desperation, the union business leader calls Thomas Gilligan, who agrees to testify as a defense witness. His testimony costs him his position, but leads to the acquittal of the strikers. The ending is far from a happy one though, because the strike is lost, the community almost destroyed, and Gilligan gives up a job he loves. The story is told from a variety of perspectives, including Gilligans. The other individual stories include: 1. Jordan Marcon, a third-generation papermaker and born-again Christian. He is faced with ruin because of his wifes cancer. The union offers to give him special help, but he decides, after seeing a vision, that Jesus wants him to reclaim his job. He crosses the picket line and becomes a hated man in the community. 2. Travis Green, an African-American replacement worker. He is a good worker and a fair-minded man who seeks to better himself. He tries but cannot avoid becoming engulfed in the hatred brought on by the strike. 3. Bill Samson, local union president. He is a decent, tough man, not very intellectual or ideological. He realizes that in order to lead the strike success