The Trace Analysis for Explosives and Related Compounds Via High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Photolysis-Electrochemical Detection PDF Download
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Author: IS. Krull
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chemistry, Organic
Languages : en
Pages : 15
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Book Description
Organic nitro compounds, such as explosives, are amenable to high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis with a variety of appropriate, selective or general, detectors. Although such compounds have been studied recently by electrochemical detection (EC) in the reductive mode, virtually nothing has been reported on the application of oxidative EC for such compounds. Since the parent compounds themselves cannot be electrochemically oxidized, nitrite (NO2−) released post-column, on-line, in real time, by photolysis of the HPLC effluent, can very readily be detected at trace levels by oxidative EC methods and techniques. A wide variety of organic nitrate esters (R-O-NO2), N-nitro (N-NO2) nitramine derivatives, as well as aliphatic/aromatic C-nitro (C-NO2) compounds, can all be analyzed at trace levels by this HPLC-photolysis-EC (HPLC-hv-EC) approach. A large number of explosives and certain drugs have been studied by these approaches. The basic high performance liquid chromatography-photolysis-electrochemical detection (HPLC-hv-EC) system has been optimized with regard to minimum detection limits (MDLs), linearity of responses as a function of concentration/amounts injected, specific HPLC separations and mobile phases compatible with hv-EC derivatization-detection, dual detector EC response ratios for individual analytes, and other suitable analytical parameters of importance and interest. Some applications of this method to real world samples of explosive debris are also described.
Author: IS. Krull
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chemistry, Organic
Languages : en
Pages : 15
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Book Description
Organic nitro compounds, such as explosives, are amenable to high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis with a variety of appropriate, selective or general, detectors. Although such compounds have been studied recently by electrochemical detection (EC) in the reductive mode, virtually nothing has been reported on the application of oxidative EC for such compounds. Since the parent compounds themselves cannot be electrochemically oxidized, nitrite (NO2−) released post-column, on-line, in real time, by photolysis of the HPLC effluent, can very readily be detected at trace levels by oxidative EC methods and techniques. A wide variety of organic nitrate esters (R-O-NO2), N-nitro (N-NO2) nitramine derivatives, as well as aliphatic/aromatic C-nitro (C-NO2) compounds, can all be analyzed at trace levels by this HPLC-photolysis-EC (HPLC-hv-EC) approach. A large number of explosives and certain drugs have been studied by these approaches. The basic high performance liquid chromatography-photolysis-electrochemical detection (HPLC-hv-EC) system has been optimized with regard to minimum detection limits (MDLs), linearity of responses as a function of concentration/amounts injected, specific HPLC separations and mobile phases compatible with hv-EC derivatization-detection, dual detector EC response ratios for individual analytes, and other suitable analytical parameters of importance and interest. Some applications of this method to real world samples of explosive debris are also described.
Author: Jehuda Yinon
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9780471965626
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 320
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Book Description
An up-to-date handbook, with the latest advances including all the various methods and techniques for analyzing explosives. Explosive compounds and mixtures, residues--their recovery and clean-up procedures--chromatography, polarography, spectroscopy, environmental analysis and mass spectroscopy are among the topics covered.
Author: I.H. Acworth
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1466563710
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 393
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Book Description
This sixth volume in the book series Progress in HPLC-HPCE examines the enhancement of high- performance liquid chromatography through the development of an advanced mode of electrochemical detection (ECD) --- the coulometric array detection --- from its initial, yet problematic, amperometric (thin-layer) design to the highly sensitive, selective and stable coulometric (flow-through) design. Unlike amperometric electrodes, the coulometric electrode is 100% efficient and measures signals from all of the analyte passing through it, which leads to improved sensitivity as well as unique selectivity. The coulometric electrode array offers the resolution of the photodiode array with the extreme sensitivity of an electrochemical detector.
Author: Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (U.S.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Explosives, Military
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cold regions
Languages : en
Pages : 486
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Book Description
Author: Robert J Flanagan
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 184755072X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 244
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Book Description
Electrochemical Detection in HPLC: Analysis of Drugs and Poisons is the first monograph devoted to the application of this mode of analysis to the assay of exogenous compounds such as drugs in biological fluids and associated areas. The introductory chapters provide information on basic electrochemistry and HPLC-ED, and on trouble-shooting. The specialized area of thiol analysis is also discussed in detail. Salient practical details of published applications of the technique in analytical toxicology and related areas are provided in a standard format. Alternative techniques are suggested throughout. The emphasis is on the analysis of exogenous compounds, although catecholamines and other endogenous species are discussed in so far as they may be used as drugs. The practical nature of this book will make it useful to professionals working in the field. It will also be of benefit to analysts wishing to use HPLC-ED in the analysis of biological samples for analytes not specifically covered in the volume.
Author: William R. LaCourse
Publisher: Wiley-Interscience
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 360
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Book Description
A reliable, comprehensive, relevant view of HPLC and its applications The development of HPLC-PED represents the successful marriage of two powerful analytical technologies and has resulted in the best technique for sensitive and direct detection of biological compounds with poor optical detection properties. PED has been used extensively for the determination of carbohydrates and other polar aliphatic compounds, and as a result, numerous methods have been developed to enable the analysis of a wide variety of samples. Over the years, many articles, anecdotal information, and misinformation have permeated the scientific community, with the possible consequence of confusion or uncertainty with regard to PED on the part of the analyst. Pulsed Electrochemical Detection in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography presents a reliable, comprehensive, and relevant review of HPLC-PED and its applications. The book is divided into three major parts: background material necessary for a more thorough understanding of the principles and relevance of PED; an in-depth discussion of PED using voltammetry and other electroanalytical techniques and presenting the advantages, applicability, and optimization of all existing PED waveforms; and practical aspects of HPLC-PED, including a summary of the major applications and a look at future developments in the technique. Appendices include a pulsed voltammetry (PV) program specifically written to optimize pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) waveforms and all the known applications, categorized and listed in tabular form. For analytical chemists; biochemists; carbohydrate chemists; biotechnologists; undergraduate, graduate, and postdoctoral students; and lab technicians working in a range of areas including the pharmaceutical, medical, and food and beverage industries, this eminently readable guide is the first reliable book-length treatment of how to use PED coupled with HPLC.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Criminal investigation
Languages : en
Pages : 338
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Explosives, Military
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Book Description
Author: T. Ryan
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461593972
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 171
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Book Description
The widely perceived utility of electrochemical detectors in High Performance Liquid Chromatography has focussed attention on a number of disparate aspects of electrochemistry related to their successful design and application. The papers in this volume deal with an extraordinarily wide range of topics but all have the common focus of electrochemical detection as a practical chromatographic tool. While it is certainly not essential to be familiar with the theoretical principles in order to utilize it successfully, the determined user of electrochemical detector will seek to have an understanding of the background. Some of the following pages will provide an excellent grounding as well as pointing the potential user in the direction of proven and possible applications in a variety of fields. The meeting, of which this book is a record, was the fifth event in the biannual Anglo-Czech Symposia in Electrochemistry. The organ izers of that meeting were extremely pleased to welcome a select group of scientists from the J Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry to the meeting, thus continuing a tradition of cooperation and friendship going back over ten years. The contributions of the visitors to the scientific content of the meeting were enthusiastically received and their participation in the informal and social activities can only have furthered the cause of cooperation and good will between our two countries.
