Author: Yunus Cerci
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Saline water conversion
Languages : en
Pages : 244

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Author: Yunus Çerçi
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783838331966
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 112

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Book Description
Desalination simply means the process of obtaining potable water form saline water. The primary desalination methods are multi-stage flash distillation and reverse osmosis. The first step in any improvement is diagnostics, and, the most powerful diagnostics tool in thermodynamics is the second-law analysis. The starting point of any second-law analysis is the study of the process under reversible conditions. Reversible processes are relatively easy to analyze since they deal with point functions, and the reversible work is independent of the process path followed. The reversible operation represents the "best case" scenario for any process or device, and it can be used as a basis of comparison for actual processes or devices, and to evaluate second-law efficiencies. This then can serve as a starting point for the improvement of actual processes. In this work the overall desalination process is analyzed, and the minimum work input requirements are determined under various conditions together with case studies. These values can then be used to assess the thermodynamic performance of actual desalination plants under specified operating conditions.

Author: Yunus Cerci
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Saline water conversion
Languages : en
Pages : 244

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Book Description

Author: Patricia Palenzuela
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319205358
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 179

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Book Description
This book provides a detailed examination of how two key concerns in many communities across the globe- power and water- can be simultaneously addressed through the coupling of Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination (CSP+D) plants. It undertakes a technological and economic evaluation of the integration of Multi-effect Distillation Plants into CSP plants based on Parabolic Trough solar collectors (PT-CSP+MED), as compared to independent water and power production through Reverse Osmosis unit connection to a CSP plant (CSP+RO). Through this compare and contrast method of analysis, the author establishes guidelines to assist readers in identifying cases wherein PT-CSP+MED systems provide greater benefits from a thermodynamic and economic point of view. The text outlines efficiencies and challenges derived from the combination of PT-CSP power generation with four different desalination plant scenarios, beginning with a description of the equations used in the modeling and validation of a pilot MED plant and followed by detailed thermodynamic analysis of several currently operating CSP+D systems. Comparative thermodynamic assessments are based on a sensitivity analysis from which the overall efficiency of the cogeneration system is determined. The author outlines all the equations used for the modeling of each component and includes 97 comparative tables obtained from the sensitivity analysis, showing the variation of the overall thermal efficiency of the CSP+D as a function of fundamental parameters of the cogeneration cycle, such as the specific electric consumption of the desalination plants, and the turbine outlet temperature of the power cycle. These findings are then placed in practical context through a complete thermo-economic analysis, which is carried out for two specific locations in the Middle East and Europe in order to identify the most practically and economically viable CSP+D system in each region as informed by actual operating conditions, meteorological data and real cost figures for each location.

Author: Hassan Arafat
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128098961
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 442

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Book Description
Desalination Sustainability: A Technical, Socioeconomic, and Environmental Approach presents a technical, socioeconomical, and environmental approach that guides researchers and technology developers on how to quantify the energy efficiency of a proposed desalination process using thermodynamics-based tools. The book offers the technical reader an understanding of the issues related to desalination sustainability. For example, technology users, such as public utility managers will gain the ability and tools to assess whether or not desalination is a good choice for a city or country. Readers will learn new insights on a clear and practical methodology on how to probe the economic feasibility of desalination using simple and effective tools, such as levelized cost of water (LCOW) calculation. Decision-makers will find this book to be a valuable resource for the preliminary assessment of whether renewable-powered desalination is a good choice for their particular setting. Presents the issues related to desalination sustainability Guides researchers and technology developers on how to quantify the energy efficiency of a proposed desalination process using thermodynamics-based tools Outlines a clear and practical methodology on how to probe the economic feasibility of desalination using simple and effective tools Provides a roadmap for decision-makers on the applicability of a desalination process at a particular setting

Author: Andrew Thomas Bouma
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Global water resources face a number of challenges. Growing global population and rising standards of living have led to increased water demand for domestic use, agricultural irrigation, and industrial processes. The effects of climate change have resulted in changes to historical patterns of rainfall and water supply. Severe and lasting water shortages are becoming more common and widespread, so that existing water infrastructure cannot provide stable resources in some regions. Alternative water sources, such as seawater desalination, brackish water desalination, and zero liquid discharge desalination, can help bridge this gap. However, to avoid amplifying the climate crisis, carbon emissions associated with desalination and brine concentration must be minimized. As a result of the rising use of desalinated water and the inherently large energy cost associated with desalinating seawater, developing efficient desalination technologies has become a major focus of water research. This work develops improved metrics, technoeconomic models, and technological advances to raise the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of desalination and brine concentration technologies. First, evaluating technological improvements and new technologies relies on the ability to fairly and accurately quantify the value of said improvements. However, accurately evaluating and comparing the energy consumption of desalination plants that use different forms and grades of energy is difficult. To fully capture the thermodynamic and economic cost of energy, and to fairly compare desalination systems that use different grades of input energy, energy consumption must be compared not at the point where energy enters the desalination plant itself, but as primary energy entering a power plant in a coproduction arrangement. The first section of this work investigates a variety of metrics for comparing the energy and exergy consumption attributable to desalination in coproduction plants, evaluates 48 different power-water coproduction systems, and compares the primary energy consumption of multi-effect distillation (MED) and reverse osmosis (RO) from a thermoeconomic perspective. The entropy generation at the RO membrane and in the MED effects are derived in similar terms, which enables a comparison of the overall heat transfer coefficient in an MED system to the permeability of an RO membrane. RO is shown to outperform MED in energy efficiency because of a balance of material costs, transport coefficients, and cost of energy. Second, technoeconomic principles from the first section are applied to a case study. This work evaluates the technoecnomic feasibility of collocating a seawater reverse osmosis desalination plant with an existing nuclear power plant, specifically the 2.2~GW[subscript e] Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant on California's central coast. This work shows that at a collocated plant, the sharing of seawater intake and outfall structures, reduced power costs due to reductions in transmission costs, and potential additional cost savings from economies of scale could enable desalination plants to produce water at half the cost of other stand-alone desalination alternatives. This work is the first to show that collocated RO and nuclear power have strong coupling that results in a significant economic advantage over seawater desalination at other sites. These advantages are not unique to the Diablo Canyon site and should be applicable to dozens of existing nuclear power facilities. Third, this work evaluates newly developed brine concentration technologies, specifically low-salt-rejection reverse osmosis (LSRRO) and osmotically assisted reverse osmosis (OARO). A variety of technology configurations, including single and multi-staged systems are investigated and optimized. Systems are separately designed for both minimal energy consumption and minimum system size, resulting in a design envelope that contains all cost-optimal designs. This work improves on existing literature by simulating designs in realistic form factors and using probably membrane parameters. Evaluation of exergy destruction provides insight into system operation and optimization. This work shows that the novel semi-split OARO configuration improves on both split-feed and split-brine OARO configurations, improving both energy consumption and membrane usage compared to existing designs, and extending the operating range of standalone systems. LSRRO systems are likely to have smaller system sizes than OARO systems, although specific membrane costs will determine whether this translates to cost benefits.

Author: Philip Sporn
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483185850
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 49

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Book Description
Fresh Water from Saline Waters: The Political, Social, Engineering and Economic Aspects of Desalination examines the political, social, engineering and economic aspects of desalination, with emphasis on the recovery of fresh water from saline waters. The feasibility of combining power generation and distillation is discussed. This book begins with an overview of the history and some basic concepts of desalination, a process that involves artificially taking away or removing the salt from salted water or from sea water. It then presents a brief overall perspective on water supply and its uses in the United States, along with an explanation of the technical principles of distillation with particular reference to evaporation, freezing, and electrodialysis. The desalination process known as multi-stage flash distillation is also considered, together with the principles of combining power generation and distillation and the thermodynamic basis of this integration. The book concludes with an analysis of the economics of nuclear power plants and nuclear heat for distillation. This monograph will be useful for undergraduate students, practitioners, and researchers in engineering, economics, politics, and social sciences.

Author: Gnaneswar Gude
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN: 0128167122
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 560

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Book Description
Emerging Technologies for Sustainable Desalination Handbook provides professionals and researchers with the latest treatment activities in the advancement of desalination technology. The book enables municipalities and private companies to custom-design sustainable desalination plants that will minimize discharge, energy costs and environmental footprint. Individual case studies are included to illustrate the benefits and drawback of each technique. Sections discuss a multitude of recently developed, advanced processes, along with notable advances made in existing technologies. These processes include adsorption, forward osmosis, humidification and dehumidification, membrane distillation, pervaporation and spray type thermal processes. In addition, theoretical membrane materials, such as nanocomposite and carbon nanotube membranes are also explored. Other chapters cover the desalination of shale gas, produced water, forward osmosis for agriculture, desalination for crop irrigation, and seawater for sustainable agriculture. International in its coverage, the chapters of this handbook are contributed by leading authors and researchers in all relevant fields. - Expertly explains recent advances in sustainable desalination technology, including nanocomposite membranes, carbon nanotube membranes, forward reverse osmosis and desalination by pervaporation - Provides state-of-the-art techniques for minimizing system discharge, energy cost and environmental footprint - Includes individual case studies to illustrate the benefits and drawbacks of each technique - Discusses techniques for the custom-design of sustainable desalination plants for municipalities, private companies and industrial operations

Author: Francesco Calise
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128206268
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 453

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Book Description
The support for polygeneration lies in the possibility of integrating different technologies into a single energy system, to maximize the utilization of both fossil and renewable fuels. A system that delivers multiple forms of energy to users, maximizing the overall efficiency makes polygeneration an emerging and viable option for energy consuming industries. Polygeneration Systems: Design, Processes and Technologies provides simple and advanced calculation techniques to evaluate energy, environmental and economic performance of polygeneration systems under analysis. With specific design guidelines for each type of polygeneration system and experimental performance data, referred both to single components and overall systems, this title covers all aspects of polygeneration from design to operation, optimization and practical implementation. Giving different aspects of both fossil and non-fossil fuel based polygeneration and the wider area of polygeneration processes, this book helps readers learn general principles to specific system design and development through analysis of case studies, examples, simulation characteristics and thermodynamic and economic data. - Detailed economic data for technology to assist developing feasibility studies regarding the possible application of polygeneration technologies - Offers a comprehensive list of all current numerical and experimental results of polygeneration available - Includes simulation models, cost figures, demonstration projects and test standards for designers and researchers to validate their own models and/or to test the reliability of their results

Author: Seungkwan Hong
Publisher: IWA Publishing
ISBN: 9781789061208
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
High-energy consumption is a critical issue associated with seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination, although the SWRO has been regarded as one of the most energy-efficient processes for seawater desalination. This means that SWRO involves a larger amount of fossil fuel and other energy sources for water production, which imposes a negative impact on the environment such as greenhouse gas emission. Therefore, the high-energy consumption of SWRO should be addressed to minimize environmental impacts and to allow for sustainable exploitation of seawater. However, the recent trend of energy consumption in SWRO seems to have reached a saturation point, which is still higher than theoretical minimum energy. To find new and innovative strategies for lowering current energy consumption, a comprehensive understanding of energy use in SWRO plants from theoretical analysis to actual energy consumption in real SWRO plants is required. This book can provide readers with information about the current state of energy consumption in actual SWRO plants, the fundamental understanding of energy use of SWRO plants from theoretical point of view, and advanced technologies and processes that could be applied for future energy reduction. In addition, this book will offer a detailed methodology for analyzing energy issues in seawater desalination. Through this book, readers will obtain an insight into how to deal with and analyze the energy issues in SWRO desalination.