The Synthesis and Characterisation of Bismuth Molybdate-related Materials PDF Download
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Author: Nicholas Barnes
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Nicholas Barnes
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Ying Zhou
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1789232627
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 231
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Bismuth (Bi) is a post-transition metal element with the atomic number of 83, which belongs to the pnictogen group elements in Period 6 in the elemental periodic table. As a heavy metal, the hazard of Bi is unusually low in contrast to its neighbors Pb and Sb. This property, along with other typical characteristics like strong diamagnetism and low thermal conductivity, makes Bi attractive in industrial applications. There are more than 100 commercial bismuth products, from pharmaceutical to industrial catalysts. Based on the wide applications of Bi materials, this book goes further and mainly focuses on the potential uses of Bi-based materials, which consist of nine chapters. In addition, a special chapter concerning the defect in bismuth is also presented.
Author: Siew Ling Lee
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Noorfarizan Nasriah Mhamat Nasudin
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Category : Bismuth trioxide
Languages : en
Pages : 332
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Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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The work reported in this thesis is based around substitutions into bismuth oxide, which has proven to be highly adaptable chemically as it can accommodate a wide variety of substituents. The synthesis and characterisation of stabilised \(\delta\)-Bi\(_2\)O\(_3\) related materials containing small amounts of Ca, Ga, Nb and Re are described. A body of work is presented exploring the structural and physical properties of such materials, characterised by neutron powder diffraction, X-ray powder diffraction, electron diffraction, extended X-ray absorption of fine structure measurements, differential thermal analysis and impedance spectroscopy. The structure of two new fluorite-related materials, Bi\(_6\)Ca\(_3\)ReO\(_{15.5}\) and Bi\(_{10}\)Ca\(_5\)ReO\(_{23.5}\), were studied. Bi\(_6\)Ca\(_3\)ReO\(_{15.5}\) formed a face-centred cubic fluorite-related structure and Bi\(_{10}\)Ca\(_5\)ReO\(_{23.5}\) a body-centred cubic material that is a 4 x 4 x 4 superstructure of the Bi\(_6\)Ca\(_3\)ReO\(_{15.5}\) phase. The structure of novel isostructural materials Bi\(_{20}\)Ca\(_7\)NbO\(_{39.5}\) and Bi\(_{10.75}\)Ca\(_{4.375}\)GaO\(_{22}\) were also investigated. Both materials formed distorted \(\delta\)-Bi\(_2\)O\(_3\) related superstructures, derived as a monoclinic supercell based on a fluorite-related hexagonal subcell. Detailed structural analysis and local environments of cations in the ordered monoclinic fluorite-related superstructure of Bi\(_9\)ReO\(_{17}\) are also explored. All materials synthesised in this thesis have structures related to that of \(\delta\)-Bi\(_2\)O\(_3\), which is known to have high oxide ion conducting properties at elevated temperatures. Oxide ion conducting properties are therefore also described.
Author: Xiaodi Kou
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Organobismuth compounds
Languages : en
Pages :
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As an environmentally benign element, bismuth has found more and more applications in advanced materials. Our research is aimed at two aspects of bismuth oxide materials. Our goal is to provide precursors for bismuth oxide. Bismuth trioxide is an important component of many ferroelectric materials, but the development of bismuth precursors is still very limited. Another goal of our research is to synthesize homogenous model systems for the catalyst of the SOHIO process. In the SOHIO process, propene is selectively oxidized to acrolein or selectively ammoxidized to acrylonitrile. The detailed mechanism of the process remains controversial. Several molybdenum and Mo/Bi bimetallic systems have been studied, but no bismuth model has been reported before. In the second chapter, I reported the isolation and full characterization of twelve bismuth aryloxide complexes, Bi(OAr)3. The substituents' steric effect and electronic effects on the synthesis were studied. Phenyl substituents were utilized to study the bismuth-arene interactions. I also synthesized complexes with allyl or benzyl substituents very close to the bismuth center. These complexes can be good model systems to study the SOHIO process. The bismuth aryloxides we synthesized can also be used as sol-gel precursors for bismuth oxide materials. In the third chapter, I reported the synthesis of bismuth aryloxide amides Bi(OAr)n(NR)3-n, using a ligand exchange method (Bi(OAr)3 + Li(NR)---Bi(OAr)n(NR)3-n). The ligand exchange method is versatile for several kinds of bismuth aryloxide as well as an antimony aryloxide. The bismuth aryloxide amides were spectroscopically characterized, and four of them were characterized by X-ray diffraction. The bismuth aryloxide amides are also good precursors for Bi2O3 materials. They are volatile, light stable and low melting, with excellent solubility and tunable thermal stability. In the fourth chapter, I reported the isolation of ten monosubstituted alkali metal calix[8]arene complexes. Preliminary results were also obtained for reactions of the mono substituted alkali metallocalix[8]arenes with several kinds of bismuth compounds.
Author:
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Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 360
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Author: Rita Punn
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 167
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Author: Pamela Wood
Publisher:
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Category : Inorganic compounds
Languages : en
Pages : 532
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Author: Arne Dittmer
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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