The Social and Economic Impact of Telephones PDF Download
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Telephone
Languages : en
Pages : 128
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Telephone
Languages : en
Pages : 128
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Book Description
Author: Robert MacDougall
Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN: 0812245695
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 344
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Book Description
The Bell System dominated telecommunications in the United States and Canada for most of the twentieth century, but its monopoly was not inevitable. In the decades around 1900, ordinary citizens—farmers, doctors, small-town entrepreneurs—established tens of thousands of independent telephone systems, stringing their own wires to bring this new technology to the people. Managed by opportunists and idealists alike, these small businesses were motivated not only by profit but also by the promise of open communication as a weapon against monopoly capital and for protection of regional autonomy. As the Bell empire grew, independents fought fiercely to retain control of their local networks and companies—a struggle with an emerging corporate giant that has been almost entirely forgotten. The People's Network reconstructs the story of the telephone's contentious beginnings, exploring the interplay of political economy, business strategy, and social practice in the creation of modern North American telecommunications. Drawing from government documents in the United States and Canada, independent telephone journals and publications, and the archives of regional Bell operating companies and their rivals, Robert MacDougall locates the national debates over the meaning, use, and organization of the telephone industry as a turning point in the history of information networks. The competing businesses represented dueling political philosophies: regional versus national identity and local versus centralized power. Although independent telephone companies did not win their fight with big business, they fundamentally changed the way telecommunications were conceived.
Author: Ithiel de Sola Pool
Publisher: Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press
ISBN:
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 520
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Author: Godwin C. Chu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Rural telephone
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Andrew P. Hardy
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Communication
Languages : en
Pages : 164
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Book Description
Author: Alfian
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Communication in rural development
Languages : en
Pages : 66
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Book Description
Author: East-West Center
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Rural telephone
Languages : en
Pages : 90
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Book Description
Author: Xu, Xiaoge
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 1522578862
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 354
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Book Description
As a popular and powerful medium, mobile use has increased significantly across the world. The effects of these communication devices have not only transformed how we communicate but also how we gather and distribute information in a variety of industries including healthcare, business, and education. Impacts of Mobile Use and Experience on Contemporary Society provides cross-disciplinary research that ties together use and experience examining the transformative influence of mobile technology and how it is reshaping who we are and what we do. Featuring research that investigates the impacts on both actors and activities with topic coverage that includes academic application, economic value, and mobile learning, scholars from different disciplines from all over the world identify the crucial implications behind mobile technology. Included amongst the targeted audience are educators, policymakers, healthcare professionals, managers, academicians, researchers, and practitioners.
Author: Cheryl E. Homer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Telecommunication
Languages : en
Pages : 172
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Author: Joshua Evan Blumenstock
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 280
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Book Description
As mobile phones reach the remote corners of the world, they bring with them a sense of great optimism. Hailed as a technology that "can transform the lives of the people who are able to access them," mobile phones have the potential to play a positive role in the lives of many of the world's poor. Such claims are often reported alongside striking statistics on the uptake of mobile phones in the developing world. Already, over two thirds of the world's mobile phones are in developing countries. In Nigeria, new subscribers are signing up for mobile phone services at a rate of almost one every second, and Nokia estimates that by the end of 2012 over 90 percent of sub-Saharan Africa will have mobile coverage. This dissertation presents an empirical investigation of the role of mobile phones in Rwandan society and economy. The material draws on two summers of field work in sub-Saharan Africa, several thousand interviews with mobile phone owners, and roughly ten terabytes of data on mobile phone use that I obtained from Rwanda's largest telecommunications operator. In the first chapter, I analyze the distribution of mobile technology within the Rwandan population, drawing attention to disparities in access to and use of mobile phones between rich and poor, and between men and women. The analysis highlights three sets of results. First, comparing the population of mobile phone owners to the general Rwandan population, I find that phone owners are considerably wealthier, better educated, and more predominantly male. Second, based on self-reported data, I observe statistically significant differences between genders in phone access and use; for instance, women are more likely to use shared phones than men. Finally, analyzing the complete call records of each subscriber, I note large disparities in patterns of phone use and in the structure of social networks by socioeconomic status. The second chapter focuses on the economic implications of the spread of an early form of "mobile money" in Rwanda, and provides empirical evidence that this electronic currency is used to transmit funds to individuals affected by catastrophic shocks. Contrasting two stylized models of prosocial behavior, this analysis provides insight into why people help each other in times of dire need. The findings are based on the analysis of interpersonal interactions occurring immediately before and after a destructive earthquake in Rwanda. The observed pattern of transfers is not consistent with a model of pure charity or altruism, but better fits a model of risk sharing in which individuals mutually insure each other against uncorrelated income shocks. The third and fourth chapters present methodological contributions, and serve to illustrate how mobile phone data can be used to observe and understand the behavior of populations in developing countries, at a level of detail typically unobserved by social scientists. Chapter 3 develops a method for measuring levels and patterns of internal migration. After formalizing the concept of inferred mobility, I compute this and other metrics for 1.5 million Rwandans, and provide novel quantitative evidence consistent with qualitative findings by other scholars. Chapter 4 describes a new method for using mobile phone data to predict the socioeconomic status of an individual. The approach uses mixed methods and three distinct sources of data: anonymous call records; a government Living Standards and Measurement Survey; and a set of phone surveys I conducted in 2009 and 2010. The chapters in this dissertation develop theory and methods for understanding how mobile technologies influence economic and social behavior, and how new sources of data can be used to provide insight into patterns of human interaction. Taken together, the empirical results indicate that phones have had a positive impact on the lives of some people but, absent intervention, the benefits may not reach those with the greatest need. The ultimate goal of these studies is to better understand how information and communications technologies are changing, and can be used to improve, the lives of people worldwide.
