Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Street lighting
Languages : en
Pages : 56

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Author: National Safety Council. Street and Highway Traffic Section. Committee on Night Traffic Hazards
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Automobiles
Languages : en
Pages : 28

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Author: United States. National Transportation Safety Board
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Automobile driving in bad weather
Languages : en
Pages : 60

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Author: Hany Mohamed Ramadan Hassan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Automobile driving in bad weather
Languages : en
Pages : 210

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This study is concerned with the safety risk of reduced visibility on roadways. Inclement weather events such as fog/smoke (FS), heavy rain (HR), high winds, etc, do affect every road by impacting pavement conditions, vehicle performance, visibility distance, and drivers' behavior. Moreover, they affect travel demand, traffic safety, and traffic flow characteristics. Visibility in particular is critical to the task of driving and reduction in visibility due FS or other weather events such as HR is a major factor that affects safety and proper traffic operation. A real-time measurement of visibility and understanding drivers' responses, when the visibility falls below certain acceptable level, may be helpful in reducing the chances of visibility-related crashes. In this regard, one way to improve safety under reduced visibility conditions (i.e., reduce the risk of visibility related crashes) is to improve drivers' behavior under such adverse weather conditions. Therefore, one of objectives of this research was to investigate the factors affecting drivers' stated behavior in adverse visibility conditions, and examine whether drivers rely on and follow advisory or warning messages displayed on portable changeable message signs (CMS) and/or variable speed limit (VSL) signs in different visibility, traffic conditions, and on two types of roadways; freeways and two-lane roads. The data used for the analyses were obtained from a self-reported questionnaire survey carried out among 566 drivers in Central Florida, USA. Several categorical data analysis techniques such as conditional distribution, odds' ratio, and Chi-Square tests were applied. In addition, two modeling approaches; bivariate and multivariate probit models were estimated. The results revealed that gender, age, road type, visibility condition, and familiarity with VSL signs were the significant factors affecting the likelihood of reducing speed following CMS/VSL instructions in reduced visibility conditions. Other objectives of this survey study were to determine the content of messages that would achieve the best perceived safety and drivers' compliance and to examine the best way to improve safety during these adverse visibility conditions. The results indicated that "Caution-fog ahead-reduce speed" was the best message and using CMS and VSL signs together was the best way to improve safety during such inclement weather situations. In addition, this research aimed to thoroughly examine drivers' responses under low visibility conditions and quantify the impacts and values of various factors found to be related to drivers' compliance and drivers' satisfaction with VSL and CMS instructions in different visibility and traffic conditions. To achieve these goals, Explanatory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approaches were adopted. The results revealed that drivers' satisfaction with VSL/CMS was the most significant factor that positively affected drivers' compliance with advice or warning messages displayed on VSL/CMS signs under different fog conditions followed by driver factors. Moreover, it was found that roadway type affected drivers' compliance to VSL instructions under medium and heavy fog conditions. Furthermore, drivers' familiarity with VSL signs and driver factors were the significant factors affecting drivers' satisfaction with VSL/CMS advice under reduced visibility conditions. Based on the findings of the survey-based study, several recommendations are suggested as guidelines to improve drivers' behavior in such reduced visibility conditions by enhancing drivers' compliance with VSL/CMS instructions. Underground loop detectors (LDs) are the most common freeway traffic surveillance technologies used for various intelligent transportation system (ITS) applications such as travel time estimation and crash detection. Recently, the emphasis in freeway management has been shifting towards using LDs data to develop real-time crash-risk assessment models. Numerous studies have established statistical links between freeway crash risk and traffic flow characteristics. However, there is a lack of good understanding of the relationship between traffic flow variables (i.e. speed, volume and occupancy) and crashes that occur under reduced visibility (VR crashes). Thus, another objective of this research was to explore the occurrence of reduced visibility related (VR) crashes on freeways using real-time traffic surveillance data collected from loop detectors (LDs) and radar sensors. In addition, it examines the difference between VR crashes to those occurring at clear visibility conditions (CV crashes). To achieve these objectives, Random Forests (RF) and matched case-control logistic regression model were estimated. The results indicated that traffic flow variables leading to VR crashes are slightly different from those variables leading to CV crashes. It was found that, higher occupancy observed about half a mile between the nearest upstream and downstream stations increases the risk for both VR and CV crashes. Moreover, an increase of the average speed observed on the same half a mile increases the probability of VR crash. On the other hand, high speed variation coupled with lower average speed observed on the same half a mile increase the likelihood of CV crashes. Moreover, two issues that have not explicitly been addressed in prior studies are; (1) the possibility of predicting VR crashes using traffic data collected from the Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI) sensors installed on Expressways and (2) which traffic data is advantageous for predicting VR crashes; LDs or AVIs. Thus, this research attempts to examine the relationships between VR crash risk and real-time traffic data collected from LDs installed on two Freeways in Central Florida (I-4 and I-95) and from AVI sensors installed on two Expressways (SR 408 and SR 417). Also, it investigates which data is better for predicting VR crashes. The approach adopted here involves developing Bayesian matched case-control logistic regression using the historical VR crashes, LDs and AVI data. Regarding models estimated based on LDs data, the average speed observed at the nearest downstream station along with the coefficient of variation in speed observed at the nearest upstream station, all at 5-10 minute prior to the crash time, were found to have significant effect on VR crash risk. However, for the model developed based on AVI data, the coefficient of variation in speed observed at the crash segment, at 5-10 minute prior to the crash time, affected the likelihood of VR crash occurrence. Argument concerning which traffic data (LDs or AVI) is better for predicting VR crashes is also provided and discussed.

Author: ALMIRA KHAFIZOVA, B.A.
Publisher: Journal of Contemporary Urban Affairs
ISBN:
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 134

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Vernacular Architectural Preservation of Material and Spiritual Interconnected Cultural Heritage ALMIRA KHAFIZOVA, B.A. 10-19 PDF HTML An Industrial Heritage Case Study in Ayvalik: Ertem Olive Oil Factory GOZDE YILDIZ, PhD Candidate, NERIMAN SAHIN GUCHAN, Dr. 20-30 PDF HTML Multifunctionality of the oasis ecosystem. Case study: Biskra Oasis, Algeria FATMA ZOHRA HADAGHA, Ph.D. Candidate, BOURHANE EDDINE FARHI, Ph.D. Candidate, ABDALLAH FARHI, Dr., ALEXANDRU IONUT PETRISOR, Dr. 31-39 PDF HTML Catching Up With BIM: A Curriculum Re-Design Strategy ECE KUMKALE ACIKGOZ, Dr. 40-48 PDF HTML Exploring Design Principles of Bioclimatic Architecture and Double Skin Facades as A Convincing Tool for Energy Saving Sertac Ilter, Dr. 60-66 PDF HTML Investigating the Synergy of Integrated Project Delivery and Building Information Modeling in the Conservation of the Architectural Heritage BRAHMI BANI FERIEL, Dr., KITOUNI ILHAM, Dr., SASSI BOUDEMAGH SOUAD, Dr. 67-77 PDF HTML The Use of Textile-Based Materials in Shell System Design in Architecture and an Evaluation in Terms of Sustainability TUGBA ALIOGLU, AYSE SIREL 88-94 PDF HTML The Role of Advance Composite material In Contemporary Buildings Obasanjo Owoyale Adeola, Ph.D. Candidate, Mohammed Tauheed Alfa, Ph.D. Candidate 95-101 PDF HTML A Comparative Analysis On User Satisfaction In Closed And Open Office Buildings: Case Study Of Some Selected Buildings In Abuja Obasanjo Owoyale Adeola, Ph.D. Candidate, Barka Jonathan Kwaya, Ph.D. Candidate, Mohammed Tauheed Alfa, Ph.D. Candidate 102-106 PDF HTML Embracing Today’s Economic And Technological Reality What It Means For Design Professionals YASEMIN INCE GUNEY, Dr. 107-111 PDF HTML Optimization Of Urban Street Lighting Conditions Focusing On Energy Saving, Safety And Users’ Needs Christina Skandali, Dr., Y S Lambiri, Ph.D. Candidate 112-121 PDF HTML Evaluation of the Thermal Comfort in the Design of the Museum Routes: The Thermal Topology Selma SARAOUI, Ph.D. Candidate, Azeddine Belakehal, Dr., Abdelghani Attar, Dr., Amar Bennadji, Dr. 122-136 PDF HTML A Discussion on Affordable Housing Projects; Case Study Mehr Housing, Iran MARYAM GHASEMI, Ph.D. candidate, NAZIFE OZAY, Dr. 137-145 PDF HTML Evaluation of Çanakkale Kilitbahir Castle in the Context of Refunctioning Kubra Duyar, MA., Yasemin Kucukgok, Dr., Meltem Duman Akyildiz, Mrs. 146-152 PDF HTML

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309166578
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 189

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Weather has broad and significant effects on the roadway environment. Snow, rain, fog, ice, freezing rain, and other weather conditions can impair the ability of drivers to operate their vehicles safely, significantly reduce roadway capacity, and dramatically increase travel times. Multiple roadway activities, from roadway maintenance and construction to shipping, transit, and police operations, are directly affected by inclement weather. Some road weather information is available to users currently, however a disconnect remains between current research and operations, and additional research could yield important safety and economic improvements for roadway users. Meteorology, roadway technology, and vehicle systems have evolved to the point where users could be provided with better road weather information through modern information technologies. The combination of these technologies has the potential to significantly increase the efficiency of roadway operations, road capacity, and road safety. Where the Weather Meets the Road provides a roadmap for moving these concepts to reality.

Author: David Shinar
Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN: 1787146332
Category : Transportation
Languages : en
Pages : 1262

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This comprehensive 2nd edition covers the key issues that relate human behavior to traffic safety. In particular it covers the increasing roles that pedestrians and cyclists have in the traffic system; the role of infotainment in driver distraction; and the increasing role of driver assistance systems in changing the driver-vehicle interaction.

Author: Ilie Dumitru
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030325644
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 715

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This proceedings book includes papers that cover the latest developments in automotive vehicles and environment, advanced transport systems and road traffic, heavy and special vehicles, new materials, manufacturing technologies and logistics and advanced engineering methods. Authors of the papers selected for this book are experts from research, industry and universities, coming from different countries. The overall objectives of the presentations are to respond to the major challenges faced by the automotive industry, and to propose potential solutions to problems related to automotive technology, transportation and environment, and road safety. The congress is organized by SIAR (Society of Automotive Engineers from Romania) in cooperation with SAE International. The purpose is to gather members from academia, industry and government and present their possibilities for investigations and research, in order to establish new future collaborations in the automotive engineering and transport domain. This proceedings book is just a part of the outcomes of the congress. The results presented in this proceedings book benefit researchers from academia and research institutes, industry specialists, Ph.D. students and students in Automotive and Transport Engineering programs.

Author: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Road Research Programme
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 110

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Author: Merle E. Keck
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Automobiles
Languages : en
Pages : 36

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